ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies最新文献_第5页

Advanced data analytics using three-stage intelligent model pipelining for containerized microservices in 5G networks and beyond 在5G网络及以后的容器化微服务中使用三阶段智能模型流水线进行高级数据分析

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.52953/ogkf3616

Takaya Miyazawa, Ved P. Kafle, Yusuke Yokota, Yasushi Naruse, Hitoshi Asaeda

{"title":"Advanced data analytics using three-stage intelligent model pipelining for containerized microservices in 5G networks and beyond","authors":"Takaya Miyazawa, Ved P. Kafle, Yusuke Yokota, Yasushi Naruse, Hitoshi Asaeda","doi":"10.52953/ogkf3616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/ogkf3616","url":null,"abstract":"The recent rapid advancement of cloud-native networking infrastructure has leveraged the resource virtualization technology of containers to realize diverse microservice-based applications in 5G/6G networks and clouds. Containers drastically enhance the efficiency of computational resource allocation and utilization as compared to the related virtualization technology of Virtual Machines (VMs). The networking environment leveraging both VM and container mixed virtualization technologies makes the most use of them to realize a computational platform whose resources can be dynamically adjusted to a fine granularity. To continuously meet the required levels of quality of services in 5G/6G networks and clouds in that platform, an agile and autonomous data analytics system in the control plane is essential for the accurate prediction of server workloads and dynamic allocation of enough amount of computational resource. In this paper, we introduce a framework, which complies with Recommendation ITU-T Y.3177, for autonomous computational resource control and management. The framework consists of an advanced data analytics system and a resource control system. We propose an architecture for the advanced data analytics system consisting of learning and prediction components. The learning component includes a three-stage intelligent model pipelining with three cascaded machine learning models, nonlinear regression, clustering, and multiple regression. These models determine the fluctuation trends in CPU utilization, classify services with similarities in the trends, and predict the peak CPU utilization of each containerized microservice. We evaluate the proposed models through experiments and numerical analysis. The results prove that the models support agile data analytics, which can complete data processing in the time granularity of seconds and achieve higher prediction accuracy of CPU utilization.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127311892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards autonomous open radio access networks 走向自主开放的无线接入网络

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.52953/gjii3746

Adrian Kliks, Marcin Dryjanski, Vishnu Ram, Leon Wong, Paul Harvey

引用次数: 3

Intent-based deployment for robot applications in 5G-enabled non-public networks 基于意图的机器人应用部署在支持5g的非公共网络中

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.52953/aymi1991

Renxi Qiu, Dayou Li, Adri�n Lend�nez Ib��ez, Zhao Xu, Rafa L�pez Taraz�n

引用次数: 0

GHz-to-THz broadband communications for 6G non-terrestrial networks 用于6G非地面网络的ghz到thz宽带通信

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.52953/aoky1032

Akhtar Saeed, Hilal Esra Yaldiz, Fatih Alagoz

{"title":"GHz-to-THz broadband communications for 6G non-terrestrial networks","authors":"Akhtar Saeed, Hilal Esra Yaldiz, Fatih Alagoz","doi":"10.52953/aoky1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/aoky1032","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Terahertz (THz) band communications at various atmospheric altitudes have been studied due to larger bandwidth availability and reduced water vapor concentrations at higher atmospheric altitudes as compared to sea level. In this paper, as special cases of 6G aerial communication networks, we consider: (1) Low Altitude Platform-to-High Altitude Platform (LAP-to-HAP), (2) HAP-to-HAP, and (3) HAP-to-Satellite (HAP-to-SAT) GHz-to-THz broadband communications over (1-1000) GHz by analyzing total path loss and total usable bandwidth. For obtaining realistic absorption loss at practical altitudes, we employ the International Telecommunications Union's (ITU) model using the standard weather profile. We consider four practical carrier frequencies offering low absorption loss values i.e., f1 = 0.140 THz (D band: 110-170 GHz), f2 = 0.300 THz (275-325 GHz), f3 = 0.750 THz, and f4 = 0.875 THz for analyzing total path loss. Numerical results show that due to improved atmospheric conditions particularly above 23 km altitudes, increasing the Rx-HAP altitude in HAP-to-HAP communications promises a lower total path loss of up to 7.7 %, even at the cost of an increase in the Tx-Rx-HAP distance from 1 km to 34 km, promising Tbps rates for 6G non-terrestrial communications. Additionally, total usable bandwidth analysis demonstrates that with total antenna gains of 80 dBi, bandwidth in the order of 100s of GHz is usable for the LAP-to-HAP scenario, the entire considered broadband is usable for the HAP-to-HAP scenario between 16 km to 50 km, and the HAP-to-SAT scenario between a HAP at 19 km and SAT at 100 km, truly showcasing the potential of employing GHz-to-THz broadband communications cognitively over (1-1000) GHz for various practical 6G non-terrestrial networks.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121915858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Terahertz networks for future Industrial Internet of Things 面向未来工业物联网的太赫兹网络

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.52953/athi4610

Sara Cavallero, Nicol� Decarli, Giampaolo Cuozzo, Chiara Buratti, Davide Dardari, Roberto Verdone

引用次数: 0

Why and how edge cloud computing can address performance and economic sustainability issues for telco domestic networks 边缘云计算为什么以及如何解决电信国内网络的性能和经济可持续性问题

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.52953/omkr7642

Gianfranco Ciccarella, Romeo Giuliano, Franco Mazzenga, Francesco Vatalaro, Alessandro Vizzarri

{"title":"Why and how edge cloud computing can address performance and economic sustainability issues for telco domestic networks","authors":"Gianfranco Ciccarella, Romeo Giuliano, Franco Mazzenga, Francesco Vatalaro, Alessandro Vizzarri","doi":"10.52953/omkr7642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/omkr7642","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes some of the telecommunication companies' (telcos) domestic networks' main objectives and issues related to the application services Quality of Experience (QoE), i.e., \"technical QoE,\" and the economic sustainability of the Very High Capacity (VHC) networks. Telco domestic networks and Over The Top (OTT) networks are the Internet segments connecting the end-user equipment to the servers/clouds that provide application services. With the advent of VHC networks, telcos afford difficulties in managing effectively and efficiently the application services and their business sustainability. This paper affords some issues related to traditional telcos' domestic network architectures and the approach to managing the application services' performance improvement. Some telcos started changing their architectures, although a massive transformation had not yet started in the industry. Traditionally, telcos focus on network services, i.e., the transport of IP packets. Performance improvement is obtained by QoS-based traffic management techniques, such as bandwidth reservation and packet prioritization. To manage application performance improvement, the use of layer 4 techniques and Edge Cloud Computing (ECC) is effective, as demonstrated by the multiyear experience of OTTs which already use these technologies. In telco domestic networks, layer 2 tunnels increase the complexity of deploying ECC. However, some vendors provide non-standard solutions to make the IP layer 3 user plane visible and to deploy ECC. ECC is the key factor for the transformation. It is a mini/micro-data center that distributes some applications and content closer to the end users. The distribution can provide a paradigm shift in a telco's business. In the paper, we first highlight the need for regulators to appreciate the need to encourage this industry transformation fully.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115118550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A consensus-based approach to reputational routing in multi-hop networks 基于共识的多跳网络名誉路由方法

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.52953/ixzf4584

Edward Staddon, Valeria Loscri, Nathalie Mitton

{"title":"A consensus-based approach to reputational routing in multi-hop networks","authors":"Edward Staddon, Valeria Loscri, Nathalie Mitton","doi":"10.52953/ixzf4584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/ixzf4584","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to the security of the Internet of Things (IoT), securing their communications is paramount. In multi-hop networks, nodes relay information amongst themselves, opening the data up to tampering by an intermediate device. To detect and avoid such malicious entities, we grant nodes the ability to analyse their neighbours behaviour. Through the use of consensus-based validation, based upon the blockchain's miners, all nodes can agree on the trustworthiness of all devices in the network. By expressing this through a node's reputation, it is possible to identify malicious devices and isolate them from network activities. By incorporating this metric into a multi-hop routing protocol such as AODV, we can influence the path selection process. Instead of defining the best route based upon overall length, we can choose the most reputable path available, thus traversing trustworthy devices. By performing extensive analyses through multiple simulated scenarios, we can identify a decrease in packet drop rates compared to AODV by approximately 48% and 38% when subjected to black hole attacks with 30 and 100 node networks respectively. Furthermore, by subjecting our system to varying degrees of grey holes, we can confirm its adaptability to different types of threats.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116369398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting smarter digital health care with 5G and beyond networks 通过5G及以后的网络推动更智能的数字医疗保健

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.52953/gjnn6958

Enjie Liu, Youbing Zhao, Abimbola Efunogbon

引用次数: 0

Federated learning for performance prediction in multi-operator environments 用于多操作环境下性能预测的联邦学习

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.52953/pfyz9165

Xi Lan, Jalil Taghia, Farnaz Moradi, M. Khoshkholghi, Edvin Listo Zec, Olof Mogren, Toktam Mahmoodi, Andreas Johnsson

{"title":"Federated learning for performance prediction in multi-operator environments","authors":"Xi Lan, Jalil Taghia, Farnaz Moradi, M. Khoshkholghi, Edvin Listo Zec, Olof Mogren, Toktam Mahmoodi, Andreas Johnsson","doi":"10.52953/pfyz9165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/pfyz9165","url":null,"abstract":"Telecom vendors and operators deliver services with strict requirements on performance, over complex and sometimes partly shared network infrastructures. A key enabler for network and service management in such environments is knowledge sharing, and the use of data-driven models for performance prediction, forecasting, and troubleshooting. In this paper, we outline a multi-operator service metrics prediction framework using federated learning that allows privacy-preserved knowledge-sharing across operators for improved model performance, and also reduced requirements on data transfer within an operator network. Federated learning is compared against local and central learning strategies for multi-operator performance prediction, and it is shown to balance the requirements on data privacy, model performance, and the network overhead. Further, the paper provides insights on how data heterogeneity affects model performance, where the conclusion is that standard federated learning has certain robustness to data heterogeneity. Finally, we discuss the challenges related to training a federated learning model with a limited budget on the communication rounds. The evaluation is performed using a set of realistic publicly available data traces, that are adapted specifically for the purpose of studying multi-operator service performance prediction.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130405156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence support for 5G/6G-enabled Internet of Vehicles networks: An overview 人工智能支持5G/ 6g车联网:概述

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.52953/iezn8770

Elias Eze, Joy Eze

{"title":"Artificial intelligence support for 5G/6G-enabled Internet of Vehicles networks: An overview","authors":"Elias Eze, Joy Eze","doi":"10.52953/iezn8770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/iezn8770","url":null,"abstract":"Improving transportation efficiency and on-road safety using Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) has become crucial as road congestion and vehicle complexity increase coupled with ongoing rapid development and deployment of electric vehicles across the globe. Recent advances in computer systems and wireless communications have ushered in more possibilities for smart solutions to road traffic safety, congestion reduction, convenience, and overall efficiency. The evolution and deployment of 5G have opened up new technologies and features that can provide the much needed high-mobility wireless networks for the emerging Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The application of AI consisting of Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML) and Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques have emerged in both conventional and vehicular wireless networks with strong promises towards enhancing traditional data-centric methods. Particularly, in the application domains of IoV, big data is frequently generated from various sources within the vehicular communication environment. The collected big data is usually processed and used for both safety and infotainment services including routing, broadening drivers' awareness, traffic mobility prediction for hazardous situation avoidance to improve overall safety and passenger comfort, and general quality of road experience. Applying data-driven methods enables AI to address high mobility and dynamic vehicular communications and network issues facing traditional solutions and approaches like network optimization techniques and conventional control loop design. This study provides a concise review of DL, ML and SI techniques and applications that are currently being explored by different research efforts within the application area of vehicular networks. The paper further discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed AI-based solutions for the IoV networks.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"165 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120840340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0