ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies最新文献

Two-ray channel models with doppler effects for LEO satellite communications 用于低地轨道卫星通信的具有多普勒效应的双射线信道模型

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/uamu6411

Weimin Zhang

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Analysis of Flooding Methods on Random and Real Network Topologies 随机网络拓扑和真实网络拓扑上的泛洪方法比较分析

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/owap6007

Asterios Papamichail, Georgios Tsoumanis, Spyros Sioutas, Konstantinos Oikonomou

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Flooding Methods on Random and Real Network Topologies","authors":"Asterios Papamichail, Georgios Tsoumanis, Spyros Sioutas, Konstantinos Oikonomou","doi":"10.52953/owap6007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/owap6007","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing industries by connecting everyday objects, known as smart devices, via the Internet. These devices, embedded with sensors and communication technologies, gather and share data. For the guaranteed gathering of information, the devices share global knowledge with each other, by using dissemination mechanisms in order to broadcast information. This study evaluates four flooding methods for broadcasting information across network nodes, namely: (i) blind flooding; (ii) probabilistic flooding; (iii) m-probabilistic flooding; and (iv) scoped probabilistic flooding, the latter to be introduced here. The evaluation considers random networks that are based on the Burr Type XII distribution and seven real networks. The evaluated flooding methods are studied on three different metrics: (i) coverage achieved; (ii) number of messages exchanged; and (iii) a metric that is based on binomial approximation. The latter is introduced to provide deeper insights into the particulars of the under-evaluation flooding methods. The results show that, under certain conditions, m-probabilistic flooding outperforms probabilistic flooding in terms of coverage, while requiring significantly fewer messages. Additionally, the study revealed that the scoped probabilistic flooding achieves coverage comparable to that of the probabilistic flooding while reducing the number of exchanged messages.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"79 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future satellite communications: Satellite constellations and connectivity from space 未来的卫星通信：卫星星座和太空连接

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/pcds7523

Hazer Inaltekin, Mark Bowyer, Iain B. Collings, Gunes Karabulut Kurt, Walid Saad, Phil Whiting

{"title":"Future satellite communications: Satellite constellations and connectivity from space","authors":"Hazer Inaltekin, Mark Bowyer, Iain B. Collings, Gunes Karabulut Kurt, Walid Saad, Phil Whiting","doi":"10.52953/pcds7523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/pcds7523","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite communications is currently undergoing a massive growth, with a rapid expansion in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks, and a range of new satellite technologies. Until very recently, satellite communication systems and terrestrial 5/6G wireless networks have been complementary distinct entities. There is now the opportunity to bring these networks together and deliver an integrated global coverage multi-service network. Achieving this will require solving some key research challenges, and leveraging new technologies including high frequency phased-array antennas, onboard processing, dynamic beam hopping, physical layer signal processing algorithms, transmission waveforms, and adaptive inter-satellite links and routing. By integrating seamlessly with terrestrial 5/6G networks and low altitude flying access points, future satellite networks promise to deliver universal connectivity on a global scale, overcoming geographical limitations. In this special issue, we focus on the future of satellite communications, exploring topics ranging from beam hopping and design to space routing and THz satellite communications. Our aim is to shed light on the potential of these emerging technologies and their role in reshaping the landscape of global connectivity.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"81 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive multibeam hopping in geo satellite networks with non-uniformly distributed ground users 具有非均匀分布地面用户的地球卫星网络中的自适应多波束跳频

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/ifme8791

Heba Shehata, Hazer Inaltekin, Iain B. Collings

引用次数: 0

Galor: Global view assisted localized fine-grained routing for LEO satellite networks Galor：低地轨道卫星网络的全局视图辅助本地化细粒度路由选择

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/uknt1649

Fei Yan, Zhiyuan Wang, Shan Zhang, Qingkai Meng, Hongbin Luo

{"title":"Galor: Global view assisted localized fine-grained routing for LEO satellite networks","authors":"Fei Yan, Zhiyuan Wang, Shan Zhang, Qingkai Meng, Hongbin Luo","doi":"10.52953/uknt1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/uknt1649","url":null,"abstract":"Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have been expected to provide global coverage for Internet services with immediacy requirements. The dynamics of an LEO satellite network topology induce the challenges of achieving efficient content retrieval. This article takes an initial step toward achieving efficient content retrieval in LEO satellite networks from the routing perspective. We start with investigating the topology characteristics of LEO satellite networks in terms of the deterministic neighbor relation and the intermittent inter-satellite links. We then propose a Global view Assisted Localized fine-grained Routing (GALOR), which is an information-centric routing mechanism customized to LEO satellite networks. Specifically, GALOR disseminates the link state within a predefined range instead of the entire constellation, incurring less convergence time and control overhead. Therefore, GALOR can calculate the routing table (to guide interest forwarding) based on the local link state and the global neighbor relations. Moreover, GALOR improves the forwarding method of the information-centric routing by reconstructing a failed Pending Interest Table (PIT) entries in response to occasional link failures. Our packet-level experiments show that GALOR outperforms state-of-the-art mechanisms (up to 103.4%) in terms of average packet delivery ratio in content-sharing.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study on THz communications between Low Earth Orbit constellations and Earth Stations 低地球轨道星座与地面站之间的太赫兹通信研究

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/egla6604

Estephania Flores Aguilar, Gunes Karabulut-Kurt

{"title":"A study on THz communications between Low Earth Orbit constellations and Earth Stations","authors":"Estephania Flores Aguilar, Gunes Karabulut-Kurt","doi":"10.52953/egla6604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/egla6604","url":null,"abstract":"A non-terrestrial system that uses Terahertz (THz) frequencies is a potential solution to achieving equal access to the Internet worldwide. This paper describes a non-terrestrial system that consists of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation, Earth Stations in Motion (ESIMs) and standard Earth stations. We examine the effects of rain, fog, clouds and atmospheric gases for this non-terrestrial system for frequencies between 100-300 GHz. The research findings suggest that the frequency bands between 102 - 109.5 GHz are rather suitable for communication between Earth stations and satellites, including ESIMs, reaching in a critical scenario uplink data rates of up to 2.6 Gbits/s with 0.5 GHz of bandwidth or up to 12 Gbits/s with 5 GHz of bandwidth in uplink. For the downlink, we can reach up to 6 Mbits/s with a transmitted power of 29 dBW, but if we increase the power transmitted by satellites, it is possible to reach up to 25 Gbits/s with 2.5GHz of bandwidth. Under clear, blue-sky conditions, we can achieve a maximum data rate of 17.3 Gbits/s for downlink and uplink. For inter-satellite links (communications between satellites in the same orbit or between different orbits), the frequency bands between 111.8 - 114.25 GHz, 116 - 123 GHz, 174.5 - 182 GHz, 185 - 190 GHz are viable, offering speeds from 1.5 to 2.51 Gbits/s when using a uniform rectangular array with 625 radiating elements. This research provides new findings from the amalgamation of existing literature, which is crucial for the future allocation of optimal frequencies between 100 - 300 GHz for satellite services.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review: Performance of multibeam dual parabolic cylindrical reflector antennas in LEO satellites 回顾：低地轨道卫星中多波束双抛物面圆柱反射器天线的性能

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/tsum9295

M. Sanad, N. Hassan

引用次数: 0

Mobile networks expanding to space: Overview of the seranis beyond 5G testbed 向太空扩展的移动网络：超越 5G 的 seranis 测试平台概览

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/wibp9997

Sertac Kaya, Diego Tuzi, Pheobe Agbo, Thomas Marx, Ali Eltohamy, Florian Volk, Petra Weitkemper, Matthias Korb, Christian Hofmann, Andreas Knopp

{"title":"Mobile networks expanding to space: Overview of the seranis beyond 5G testbed","authors":"Sertac Kaya, Diego Tuzi, Pheobe Agbo, Thomas Marx, Ali Eltohamy, Florian Volk, Petra Weitkemper, Matthias Korb, Christian Hofmann, Andreas Knopp","doi":"10.52953/wibp9997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/wibp9997","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) have gained increased attention from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) due to their potential to enhance cellular networks by improving coverage, resiliency, and reliability, especially in rural areas and disaster scenarios. The upcoming Sixth-Generation (6G) cellular networks aim to establish layers of cells at different altitudes with Base Stations (BSs) on Earth and in space, providing a seamless user experience. Testing and experimentation are crucial for realizing this ambitious vision. University of the Bundeswehr Munich (UniBw M) is deploying a Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G testbed comprising both space and ground segments. The space segment of the testbed is composed of the ATHENE-1 satellite that is going to be launched in 2025. The ground segment includes the satellite ground station with several full motion antennas for the radiofrequency links and an optical ground station for the free-space optical link based on laser technology, while the Terrestrial Network (TN) component is deployed using a Fifth-Generation (5G) Non-Public Network (NPN) with multiple gNodeBs (gNBs) and multiple 5G core solutions. In its current state, the testbed includes various measurement equipment and emulators in the 5G Lab, a Gnb with two active cells, a core network, a satellite ground station, and a mobile 5G on-the-move solution. This testbed allows various experiments including interference management between existing networks, positioning and localization, Public Protection and Disaster Recovery (PPDR) using Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) and NTN. This paper describes the components of the Seamless Radio Access Networks for Internet of Space (SeRANIS) B5G testbed, the current status, future deployment plan, preliminary test results, and planned tests.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"84 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive radio network architecture for GEO and LEO satellites shared downlink spectrum 用于 GEO 和 LEO 卫星共享下行链路频谱的认知无线电网络架构

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.52953/ewhg8960

Sam Reisenfeld, Bo Li, Ediz Cetin

引用次数: 0

Adaptive HELLO protocol for vehicular networks 用于车载网络的自适应 HELLO 协议

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.52953/vuyv1591

Nathalie Mitton, Yasir Saleem, Valeria Loscri, Christophe Bureau

{"title":"Adaptive HELLO protocol for vehicular networks","authors":"Nathalie Mitton, Yasir Saleem, Valeria Loscri, Christophe Bureau","doi":"10.52953/vuyv1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52953/vuyv1591","url":null,"abstract":"In vehicular networks, the update of car Firmware Over The Air (FOTA) is becoming a challenging issue and it mainly relies on topology discovery of neighbouring nodes. Topology discovery in mobile wireless networks is usually done by using HELLO messages. Due to mobility, topology changes occur frequently and must be quickly discovered to avoid routing failures. Since the optimal HELLO frequency depends on parameters that are subject to changes (e.g., speed of nodes, density of nodes), it must be dynamically adjusted to obtain the best trade-off between the network load and the freshness of routing tables. Existing solutions assume random mobility, constant node density and average speed, which do not hold in vehicular networks because vehicles follow specific trajectory patterns (the roads) and density and speed evolve as a function of time (rush hour vs non-rush hour) and area (urban, rural, highway). In this paper, we first draw the specific features of a vehicular network at different times and spaces by analysing real datasets and then propose a dynamic neighbour discovery protocol, Vehicular Adaptive Neighbour discovery Protocol (VANP). VANP is a fully-distributed protocol that sends beacons at an optimal frequency without knowing it a priori. The objective is to reduce the frequency at which HELLO messages are sent to save bandwidth and energy while still preserving the quality of the neighbour discovery. Through extensive simulations run on real datasets, we show that the optimal HELLO frequency can be reached by maintaining a constant optimal turnover, independent from the speed of the nodes and by aiming at this turnover, nodes automatically use the optimal HELLO frequency. Results show that VANP allows the discovery of relevant neighbours by missing at most two neighbours over all scenarios and reducing the number of HELLO messages up to twice, hence saving bandwidth and energy.","PeriodicalId":274720,"journal":{"name":"ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies","volume":"122 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0