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Introduction to the Special Issue — Malaysia’s Policies Toward East Asia During Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s Second Premiership 《马哈蒂尔博士第二任总理任期内的马来西亚东亚政策》特刊简介
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251122030011
R. Moorthy
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue — Malaysia’s Policies Toward East Asia During Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s Second Premiership","authors":"R. Moorthy","doi":"10.1142/s1013251122030011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013251122030011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124347471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engaging North Korea: Malaysia’s Quest for the Middle Path 与朝鲜接触:马来西亚寻求中间道路
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.1142/s101325112240001x
Nurliana Kamaruddin, M. Huda, Aaron Denison Deivasagayam, Menghu Xia
{"title":"Engaging North Korea: Malaysia’s Quest for the Middle Path","authors":"Nurliana Kamaruddin, M. Huda, Aaron Denison Deivasagayam, Menghu Xia","doi":"10.1142/s101325112240001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s101325112240001x","url":null,"abstract":"The assassination of Kim Jong Nam in 2017 brought about a significant change in the diplomatic relationship between Malaysia and North Korea. Although diplomatic relations between the two countries were downgraded due to the incident, current changes would likely encourage the resumption of diplomatic ties. This study applies a poliheuristic decision-making analysis of Malaysia’s diplomatic relations with North Korea. It argues that Malaysia’s choice to establish diplomatic ties with North Korea was made consistent with the strong sense of neutrality that has shaped Malaysia’s foreign policy. Despite the increased security threat North Korea is perceived as globally, it was not until the assassination attempt that there was any regression in diplomatic relations between the two countries. Poliheuristic theory can also be utilized to explain why Malaysia will most likely proceed with reopening the Malaysian Embassy in Pyongyang as this is an alternative that would present Malaysia with continued gain in consideration of both its emphasis on diplomacy and neutrality in its foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122438577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nothing New Under “Top-Level Design”? A Review of the Conceptual Literature on Local Policymaking in China “顶层设计”下没什么新东西?中国地方政策制定的概念文献综述
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1142/s101325112150017x
A. Ahlers, G. Schubert
{"title":"Nothing New Under “Top-Level Design”? A Review of the Conceptual Literature on Local Policymaking in China","authors":"A. Ahlers, G. Schubert","doi":"10.1142/s101325112150017x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s101325112150017x","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship on local governance in China in general and on the Chinese policy process in particular has expanded remarkably over the last four decades. Where earlier studies were mostly interested in grasping the dynamics of central-local relations, more specific features like performance evaluation systems or policy implementation processes have come under scholarly scrutiny over the course of time. New theoretical concepts have been introduced to explain phenomena pertaining to local governance, and this research has become ever more specialized. In this state-of-the art review, we trace the trajectories of research on the Chinese policy process in the reform era in two distinct periods before and after the inauguration of current CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping. By drawing on prominent theoretical and conceptual approaches to understanding and assessing the Chinese policy process in these two periods, we highlight the changes and continuities in local policymaking under Xi’s “top-level design.” Although most recent studies indicate increasing top-down centralization in the local Chinese state, it seems that the basic institutional prerequisites of the policy process have hardly been altered. Therefore, most of the older conceptual characterizations of local policymaking still very much hold water. Still, we do conclude by pointing to some so far understudied aspects of local policymaking in China.","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Dual Mandates in Chinese Congresses: Information and Cooptation 中国人大的双重授权:信息与合作
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251121500193
Melanie Manion, Viola Rothschild, Honghui Zhu
{"title":"Dual Mandates in Chinese Congresses: Information and Cooptation","authors":"Melanie Manion, Viola Rothschild, Honghui Zhu","doi":"10.1142/s1013251121500193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500193","url":null,"abstract":"Survey data suggest that a high proportion of Chinese congress delegates sit concurrently in two or more congresses. While dual mandates are not unusual in democracies, the literature has failed to notice their existence in China, let alone theorize or analyze them. We turn to the political science literature on assemblies under authoritarianism to guide our analysis of survey data for 3,008 county congress delegates, half of whom are concurrent ones. We show that dual mandates amplify some voices and not others in ways consistent with two perspectives in the literature. Dual mandates amplify information from citizens at the grassroots upward toward governments: More delegates with deep community roots representing poor, rural, remote districts sit concurrently in county and lower-level congresses. Dual mandates also coopt influential groups posing a potential challenge to ruling party power: They amplify the influence of private entrepreneurs, more of whom sit concurrently in county and prestigious higher-level congresses.","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114374998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast Track Promotion for Grassroots Cadres: The Xuandiaosheng System in Xi Jinping’s China
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1142/s1013251121500181
Wen-hsuan Tsai, Xingmiu Liao
{"title":"Fast Track Promotion for Grassroots Cadres: The Xuandiaosheng System in Xi Jinping’s China","authors":"Wen-hsuan Tsai, Xingmiu Liao","doi":"10.1142/s1013251121500181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500181","url":null,"abstract":"Although the “selected graduate” ( , xuandiaosheng) system is not new, Xi Jinping has changed it substantially since he came to power. This paper introduces the concept of the “promotion ladder” to describe how low-ranking cadres must wait longer for promotion than do mid- and high-ranking cadres. This promotion ladder often leads to low-ranking cadres hitting a ceiling in their careers. For this reason, section-level cadres need a fast track that will allow them to “sprint with small steps” ( , xiaobu kuaipao) if they are to make significant progress in their careers. The xuandiaosheng system not only works as an important means for accelerating the promotion of grassroots cadres but also allows cadre management to start as soon as a prospective cadre graduates from a university. The system introduces flexibility into the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP’s) cadre system, allowing it to cope with the constraints of the promotion ladder. This paper will summarize the operation of the xuandiaosheng system under Xi Jinping and discuss its advantages and disadvantages as well as its likely influence on CCP elite politics in the future.","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Responsiveness of Grassroots Level Civil Servants in China: A Comparison Between Civil Servants Recruited from Regular Entrance Examinations and Specially Selected Graduates 中国基层公务员的响应性:普通招考公务员与特招公务员的比较
Issues & Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-05 DOI: 10.1142/s101325112150020x
Zhezhe Duan, B. So
{"title":"Responsiveness of Grassroots Level Civil Servants in China: A Comparison Between Civil Servants Recruited from Regular Entrance Examinations and Specially Selected Graduates","authors":"Zhezhe Duan, B. So","doi":"10.1142/s101325112150020x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s101325112150020x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares and contrasts the behavioral tendencies between civil servants recruited from regular entrance examinations (REEs) and specially selected graduates (SSGs) in grassroots-level governments in China as they face a conflict between vertical (hierarchical) and horizontal (public) responsiveness. This study draws on a survey from 13 cities to explore behavioral variations in the two categories of civil servants. Two test methods (the OLS and mediation model) are adopted to verify the findings. This study finds that both the vertical and horizontal responsiveness of civil servants who are SSGs tend to be higher than those recruited from the REEs in facing the above-mentioned conflict. Four personnel mechanisms are tested to explain this variation: (1) the politicized recruitment and selection of SSGs, (2) job arrangements for SSGs, (3) triple leadership over SSGs, and (4) a fast-track stream for SSGs. Our analysis reveals that only the first two can account for this variation. This account can shed new light on the impact of the development of a separate corps of elites in China.","PeriodicalId":274099,"journal":{"name":"Issues & Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127378353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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