Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University最新文献

{"title":"Dependence of Hydraulic Characteristics of Gravity Sewer Pipelines on the Method of Trenchless Repair","authors":"Vladimir Petrov, Lev Terehov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-348-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-348-356","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: When reconstructing gravity sewer networks laid in urban and rural environments, various technologies can be used. Trenchless repairs, which are actively used in a built-up area, subsequently affect the capacity of networks, while the hydraulic characteristics of the flow depend on the accepted technology of work. Assessment of hydraulic characteristics of gravity sewer pipelines depending on the chosen method of carrying out their trenchless repair is the purpose of the study. Methods: Analytical determination of hydraulic flow characteristics in gravity pipelines after their repair by various trenchless methods and comparison of the results obtained. Results: The analysis of the obtained results shows that after reconstruction in various ways, the hydraulic parameters of the pipelines may change and not meet regulatory requirements. The necessity of carrying out analytical calculations at the stage of choosing a method for trenchless repair of gravity sewer networks is shown. Practical significance: The results of the work are recommended to be taken into account when choosing trenchless technologies for repairing gravity sewer pipelines.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Technologies of Hazard Visualization","authors":"Yuriy Kanonin, O. Tihomirov, Natal'ya Iost","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-385-395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-385-395","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify the most prospective technologies for visualizing potential hazards to warn workers in production, including railway transport, as well as any person in everyday life. Methods: Search and comparative analysis of information about new technologies for visualizing hazards in various areas of life to determine the possibility and expediency of their wider implementation. Results: A review and evaluation of existing methods and systems for alerting individuals to hazards, including technologies that have emerged in recent years, such as safety marker lights (BlueSpot and RedSpot, Red Line and Blue Line), GOBO projectors, Slide-mapping technology, Fogscreen, or aerosol screens, virtual or digital walls. Practical significance: The conducted assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of certain hazard visualization technologies will allow for a more reasonable choice of the most advanced systems for a particular field of activity and will contribute to their implementation in practice.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127657259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of New Generation Disinfectants in Solving Modern Disinfection Problems in the Water Supply and Sewerage Sector","authors":"L. Paramonova, Stanislav Amelichkin, Elena Mahon'ko, Lev Terehov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-357-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-357-364","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To consider and evaluate alternative methods of water disinfection and disinfection of water supply and sewerage facilities and to select the most effective. To determine the possibility of using several agents at the same time, to select disinfectants with a biodegradable composition, the use of which will help reduce the negative impact on the environment. Methods: Comparison of the composition and effectiveness of existing disinfectants. Results: The necessity of using various combinations of disinfectants to reduce the likelihood of resistance in microorganisms to biocides is indicated. The most promising method for treating structures is the aerosol method, which allows achieving the necessary disinfection effect with small doses of the reagent. The use of multi-component disinfectants (such as the “Silver Bullet” anolyte and biocide) is safe for humans and the environment due to their composition, it also helps prevent microbial habituation to the substances. Practical significance: Due to the conditions of water intake changing for the worse and stricter regulations for the content of harmful substances in drinking water, the use of combined schemes for water disinfection and disinfection of structures has most potetial.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124619300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Railway Disc Brake with Thermally Insulated Friction Assemblies Containing Materials with Different Friction Properties","authors":"D. Krivosheya","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-457-462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-457-462","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Description of the design of the disc brake with thermally insulated friction units and the peculiarities of its manufacture. Methods: Analysis of the properties of friction materials for friction units of the railway disc brake. Results: The design of disc brake with thermally insulated friction units is proposed, a characteristic feature of which is thermal insulation of friction units A and B from each other. In addition, different friction materials are used in friction units – brake discs and brake linings. The basic principle of the disc brake is to compensate for the friction force of the friction assembly A in low temperature conditions where the carbonbased friction material is placed. Features of brake manufacturing are given. It is noted that the recommended material for thermally insulated working parts of the disc brake is chrysotile-asbestos. This material has a low thermal conductivity and an acceptable cost. It is recommended to use adhesive joints based on ABRO TM-185 glue by thermal insulation of brake discs. Practical significance: The design and features of the manufacture of a disc brake with thermally insulated friction units are described, as well as the best friction materials for it are determined. The results of the study can be used in specialized and locomotive manufacturing enterprises in order to eliminate the existing drawbacks regarding the friction characteristics of the friction materials used, as well as to reduce the cost of manufacturing a carbon-based disc brake.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126812979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Assessment of the Quality of Surface Waters in the Priozersky District of the Leningrad Region","authors":"Alina Harlamova, Polina Belova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-404-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-404-413","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study of water quality indicators of surface water bodies of the Priozersky district of the Leningrad region using laboratory studies, as well as the assessment of the ecological state of water sources based on various integral characteristics of surface water pollution. To determine the quality indicators of surface waters for cultural and household purposes in the laboratory. Assess the ecological state of a polluted reservoir based on the calculated integral indicators: the reservoir pollution index, the trophic state assessment index and the specific combinatorial index of surface water pollution. Consider possible options for improving the environmental situation of the studied water bodies. Methods: Water sampling from five water bodies of the Priozersky district of the Leningrad region for further laboratory studies. Analysis of selected samples from water sources to determine the composition of surface water for the presence of pollutants and water quality parameters using standardized methods. Comparison of the obtained results with the norms of maximum permissible concentrations for given indicators. Results: It has been established that in three of the five studied water bodies, excesses of the standard values for several indicators are found. One of the polluted water sources, the Vuoksa River, has been selected for further calculation of integral indicators of surface water quality. An assessment of the ecological state of this water body is given according to three calculated indicators. Measures have been proposed to improve the environmental situation of water bodies in the region. Practical significance: It is shown that the insufficiently studied water bodies of the Priozersky district of the Leningrad region generally meet the quality standards for surface waters, however, some objects still belong to the category of moderately polluted, which requires further in-depth study of their condition in order to prevent an increase in pollution.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124038783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined Test Procedure for the Parking Brake of Freight Cars","authors":"Mihail Zverev, Aleksey Komaydanov, A. Smirnov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-448-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-448-456","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: A refined test procedure for the parking brake of freight cars is described, which simultaneously satisfies the requirements of two regulatory documents: GOST 26686-96, which establishes the moment applied to the handle (steering wheel) of the parking brake, not more than 300 N, at which a single freestanding loaded car on a slope of at least 30‰ must be retained, and GOST 34434-2018, which sets the design (test) moment of force applied to the parking brake handle at 100 N∙m. Methods: Stage-by-stage processing of test results is carried out: initially, the average values of pressing force and the actual pressing force on a single brake block is determined. Then the coefficient of friction between the blocks and the wheel and the maximum slope of the track, on which the railway rolling stock is retained by the parking brake, are calculated. The solution of the problem is based on the iteration method, which must be applied twice: at the first stage, in order to find the value of the total pressing force on the brake blocks from the action of the parking brake, taking into account that the maximum slope of the track, on which the train is retained by the parking brake, equals 30‰, then at the second stage, such a value of the moment on the parking brake drive shaft is selected so that the value of the required pressing force on the brake blocks from the action of the parking brake is the same as with the maximum slope of the track id = 30 ‰, after which the obtained results are evaluated and compared with the normative values. Results: An updated method for testing the parking brake of freight cars has been developed. Practical significance: The application of this technique will allow taking into account the requirements of two regulatory documents at the same time preventing their contradiction.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132280042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Neural Networks for Object Recognition in Railway Transportation","authors":"A. Sychugov, Vadim Miheychikov, Maksim Chernyshov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-478-491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-478-491","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: With the help of vision systems and neural networks, such as YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN, it is possible to quickly and accurately detect objects that can lead to an accident or delay trains. YOLOv8 is one of the most popular real-time object detection algorithms that uses deep neural networks to classify and localize objects. YOLOv8 can detect objects in images and videos with high speed and accuracy. This model can work on various hardware platforms, including mobile devices and computers. MASK R-CNN is an even more advanced object detection algorithm that has the ability to highlight objects and their contours with high accuracy. MASK R-CNN uses convolutional neural networks and mask segmentation techniques to detect objects. It can work both in real time and on static images. When vision systems are equipped with YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN neural networks, they can quickly respond to extraneous objects that appear on the rails. The purpose of the article is to develop algorithms for detecting railway transport objects and obstacles using technical vision and neural networks, and to evaluate the effectiveness of algorithms. Methods: The YOLOv8 algorithm is based on the architecture of convolutional neural networks and uses supervised learning methods. This model takes an image as input and provides estimates of the probability that a certain object is present in the image in real time. To achieve this, YOLOv8 employs region of interest (ROI) detection methods, allowing to determine the areas of the image on which objects may be located. The MASK R-CNN algorithm uses more sophisticated methods, such as mask segmentation methods and proportional resizing of the area of interest (RoIAlign) to achieve more accurate results of object detecting in images and videos. It is also based on convolutional neural networks and uses supervised learning methods. MASK R-CNN uses mask segmentation methods to determine the contour of an object in an image, as well as the RoIAlign method, which allows for superior quality when processing various image sizes. Common mathematical methods that are used in YOLOv8 and MASK R-CNN are methods of convolutional neural network, supervised learning and optimization of the loss function. They are based on deep learning algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent and backward propagation of errors. Results: An algorithm for detecting foreign objects on the route of rolling stock using a technical vision system, calculation of the evaluation of the quality of neural networks performance, error matrices have been formed, the results of neural network processing have been obtained. Practical significance: An algorithm for detecting foreign objects on the route of the moving rolling stock using a technical vision system has been developed, two neural networks have been trained to detect railway transport objects and obstacles on the way.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129200119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovating Approaches to Organizational-Technological Documentation in Transport Construction","authors":"A. Kabanov","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-273-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-273-278","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine modern innovative composition of organizational-technological documentationat large transport facility construction. To hold the analysis of branch regulatory-technical documentation,relevant self-regulatory organization requirements. To define classification and specifics of the constructionof new types of large transport facilities which for, organizational-technological documentation is developed.To determine the relevance and practical applicability of documentation as a part of WPP (work productionprojects). To outline the basics of the preparation of transport facility construction organization which comprisesproduction-economic, technological and managerial infrastructure of contractor construction organizations,defines the system of relations between relevant subdivisions of general- and sub-contracting constructionalenterprises. Methods: Questionnaire and expert survey of engineering-technical workers of constructionalorganizations. Expert evaluation of production documentation, probabilistic modeling at the evaluation ofproduction processes, methods of multi-criteria evaluation of organizational-technological documentationvariants. Results: Main requirements to organizational-technological documentation composition for newtypes of modern transport construction facilities are formulated. Foundations for branch methodologicaldocuments on organizational-technological preparatory of work of contracting construction organizations havebeen developed. Practical significance: Efficiency improvement of large transport facility construction. Onthe basis of innovative organizational-technological solutions, prime cost of constructive-installing works isreduced and construction time is cut.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provision of Personal Protective Equipment for Employees of Transport Enterprises","authors":"E. Bystrov, Alina Harlamova","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-396-403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-396-403","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Substantiation and development of an innovative service center for providing personal protective equipment for employees of transport enterprises. Analysis of the correlation of cases of occupational injury due to the non-use of special clothing and special protection and consideration of issues related to the need to create service centers for the storage, issuance, and cleaning of personal protective equipment. Methods: Research and analysis of regulatory documentation regulating the use and provision of personal protective equipment for employees of transport enterprises on the example of the Open Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways”. Application of the results of the statistical method of analyzing the dynamics of occupational injuries for organizational and technical reasons. Results: The functionality of service centers is proposed for consideration, as well as a brief justification of their necessity. Conclusions about the prospects of the proposed innovation are drawn. Practical significance: It is shown that the creation and implementation of service centers at railway transport enterprises will reduce the level of occupational injuries caused by the non-use of personal and collective protective equipment or the use of PPE of inadequate quality, as well as reduce the cost of premature disposal of workwear due to high-quality cleaning and repair, which in general will contribute to raising the quality of services rendered to employees of railway transport enterprises to a new level.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axonometric Projections in Russia: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow","authors":"Nikolay Eliseev, Yuriy Paraskevopulo, N. Eliseeva","doi":"10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-414-423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-414-423","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The history of the development of axonometric projections is considered in this work. The contribution of Russian scientists to the theory of this method is established. The analysis of the current state of the regulatory framework has been carried out. The necessity of making changes to the current standard is justified. Archival and handwritten sources have been investigated. The article shows the way of the consistent emergence, development and improvement of the theory of axonometric projections. Examples of its use in different periods are shown. The contribution of Russian scientists to the improvement of the theory of the axonometry method and its application in construction and industry is established. The main advantages of axonometry are shown: visual clarity and the possibility to determine the parameters of a real object based on such images. The inaccuracies of the axonometry theory representation in modern regulatory documents are analyzed. The necessity to depict axonometric axes when creating images is indicated. Axonometric projections are considered as a method of geometric modeling in computer-aided design systems, which allows creating visual planar models of artificial structures and other objects. This also allows to create a unified information model of the object, to carry out joint work of various specialists at the design stages, to ensure the storage and editing of information throughout the entire life cycle of the object. Methods: To achieve results, various research methods have been applied: theoretical analysis of historical, scientific literature, normative and program-methodical documentation, study of the experience of graphic images of foreign and domestic specialists, generalization and systematization of scientific provisions on the research topic, analysis of the results of research work. Results: The necessity of making changes to the existing regulatory documents is justified. Practical significance: The correct display of axonometry in regulatory documents will improve its practical application and specialist training.","PeriodicalId":273874,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129775903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}