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The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World最新文献

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Roman Games and Spectacle 罗马竞技与竞技
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.31
David Potter
{"title":"Roman Games and Spectacle","authors":"David Potter","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"As the Roman world became increasingly influenced by the spread of Christianity, contemporary social and political practices both shaped and were shaped by the new religion. For Christians the realm of public spectacle was marked by ambiguities, as religious authority figures strove to reconcile these cultural expressions, their origins embedded in commemorations of the pagan state, with their own evolving notions of what it was to be Christian. As Christian emperors co-opted the consolidated circus organization and the racing factions that spread from it, late antique public spectacles became a key venue for the formation of Christian identity.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sport and Spectacle in the Greek Bronze Age 希腊青铜时代的运动与景观
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.26
J. Younger
{"title":"Sport and Spectacle in the Greek Bronze Age","authors":"J. Younger","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"e (including bull-catching, bull-leaping, and bull-sacrifice), Minoan and Mycenaean frescoes, vase paintings, and stone relief vases depict boxing and wrestling, and competitions with special clothing, protective gloves, and physical restraints or handicaps. Less well known are the depictions of archers, foot-racers, and acrobats. Competition may arguably include artistic representations of game boards and gaming, dance performances, and processions, and descriptions of poetry and musical contests in Homer and Hesiod and of discus throwing in mythology. There is also architectural evidence for enclosing the central courts in the Minoan palaces for protection and seating of spectators. Depictions on eighth-century-bce pottery testify to chariot-racing, musical performances, horsemanship, and the hunt. We also consider passim the participation of women in sport and competition, drawing upon Aegean Bronze Age representations of women archers, hunters, and charioteers, and upon classical mythology for their participation in early foot-races, wrestling, and the hunt.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133173977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epinikion, Kudos, and Criticism 赞赏、赞扬和批评
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.9
L. Kurke
{"title":"Epinikion, Kudos, and Criticism","authors":"L. Kurke","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the genre of professional epinikion (choral poems composed on commission to celebrate athletic victories), inquiring into the socio-cultural motivations for the development of this strange hybrid genre c.550 bce and relating it to a broader set of practices commemorating athletic victory in ancient Greece (including victor statues). Epinikion in performance and victor statues alike served as sites for negotiation between pre-eminent individual victors and their broader communities—both the Panhellenic elite and their civic communities. Both poetry and material monuments aimed to distil and preserve the special talismanic power (kudos) the victor acquired by victory at the ‘crown games’, anchoring it and sharing it out with the victor’s family and city. At the same time, literary evidence suggests that this elitist valorization of epinikian praise, victory statues, crowns, and kudos was not uncontested in archaic and classical Greece: poets espousing civic values explicitly challenged the worth of athletic achievement as a common good.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114718845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circuses and Hippodromes 马戏团和马场
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.43
P. Holliday
{"title":"Circuses and Hippodromes","authors":"P. Holliday","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.43","url":null,"abstract":"The circus was the grandest of all sites in antiquity for public spectacles. Focusing on the development of its form reveals its origins in Greek hippodromes and Etruscan arenas for equestrian competitions. It was essentially a long, narrow racetrack designed primarily for chariot-races, but could accommodate all manner of other spectacles, including foot-races, boxing, and wrestling; because of its size and sightlines, the circus was also the most frequent location for venationes, but eventually less commonly for munera and theatrical entertainments. Following Greek and Etruscan custom, leading Roman citizens had once raced their own horses in the circus, but the practice was abandoned and the elite instead competed for esteem by sponsoring races. With its immense and diverse audiences, the circus came to serve specifically Roman religious and political purposes, and played an unrivalled role in the public life of ancient Rome.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133768360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gymnasium and Bath 健身房和浴室
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.41
G. Fagan
{"title":"Gymnasium and Bath","authors":"G. Fagan","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.41","url":null,"abstract":"In the Greco-Roman Mediterranean, gymnasiums and baths served complex social functions. More than simply places to cleanse the body or engage in exercise, these became venues for public spectacle, a purpose suggested by the design features and artistic decoration that went into the construction of these spaces. By the first and second centuries ce, in the Roman world spaces dedicated to exercise were fully integrated into multipurpose bathing venues. In their developed forms, the gymnasia and the baths were both places to view and display the body and to sustain ideological discourse focusing on youthful and dynamic physicality.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124643667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Decline and Fall of Spectacle 奇观的兴衰
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.32
Paul Milliman
{"title":"The Decline and Fall of Spectacle","authors":"Paul Milliman","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the decline and fall of most forms of Roman spectacle in Late Antiquity, as the empire contracted in some places and collapsed in others. It explores the evolution and development of various other spectacles—especially equestrian games like tournaments, hunting, and palii—in Rome’s medieval and early modern Latin, Byzantine, and Islamic successor societies, which shared many of the characteristics of ancient spectacle in terms of function if not necessarily form. It also examines the privatization of public spectacle and sites of spectacle in the Middle Ages, as well as the enduring impact of the images of Roman spectacle—especially those associated with the hippodrome in Constantinople—as expressions of political power in medieval and early modern Europe.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122468276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imperial Spectacle in the Roman Provinces 罗马行省的帝国奇观
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.40
G. Chamberland
{"title":"Imperial Spectacle in the Roman Provinces","authors":"G. Chamberland","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.40","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Despite the bounty of evidence, iconographic and architectural, for spectacles in the Roman provinces, there is surprisingly little information about their organization and presentation by political elites. This evidence does suggest that the mounting of spectacles by elected officials was in effect an obligatory form of payment in return for the power and prestige of high office; these could be considered ‘statutory’ events, responsibilities required for office holders. For this reason, the surviving epigraphic evidence for the marshalling of official spectacles is very limited, as these standard financial obligations were not considered acceptable foci for public praise. Inscriptions and other material that document private spectacles, however, make it clear that the act of organizing and mounting shows was a highly valued benefaction by Roman provincial elites.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125318478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combat Sports and Gladiatorial Combat in Greek and Roman Private Art 希腊和罗马私人艺术中的格斗运动和角斗士格斗
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.1
Shelby Brown
{"title":"Combat Sports and Gladiatorial Combat in Greek and Roman Private Art","authors":"Shelby Brown","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"The private art of violent Greek and Roman competitions shows iconic moments commemorated by ordinary fans and a wealthy elite. The depictions assume a viewer who understands the rules and identifies with fighters, spectators, or sponsors. Greek combat sports were associated with individual achievement and persistence through pain. Equal combatants, idealized and indistinguishable in Archaic and Classical art, fought nude for personal and regional glory, overseen by a referee. Hellenistic art introduced fighters whose battered faces declared personal suffering the price of victory. Roman public combatants were degraded by competition, although ennobled by martial valour, as were gladiators who willingly faced death. In the arena, differently equipped combatants were paired as fighting ‘types’. Ordinary art emphasized action and equipment. The art of the wealthy also referenced the sponsor, who decided the terms of victory and loss. The gazes of referees and combatants turned toward him; in real life, he interacted with the audience about the outcome, and they praised his public benefaction.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126796197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Athletic Images and the Monumentalization of Victory 运动形象与胜利的纪念性
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.18
Wendy J. Raschke
{"title":"Athletic Images and the Monumentalization of Victory","authors":"Wendy J. Raschke","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"The monuments created by the Greeks to celebrate victories were of many kinds, as were the victories celebrated. The focus of the present discussion is monuments associated with success in the major athletic games; these were usually in the form of free-standing statues erected in the sanctuary where the games took place. Some fundamental questions are addressed, not least, what the idea of a monument signified to the Greeks? Who qualified for this extraordinary honour? What form did it typically take and how much did it cost to create? Were the statues erected merely a reward? Or did they also have political value which affected the choice of location? In ancient Greece, as now, athletic monuments stood as markers of glory achieved, but also as statements to the viewer.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex in the Arena 竞技场上的性爱
The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.50
A. Futrell
{"title":"Sex in the Arena","authors":"A. Futrell","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199592081.013.50","url":null,"abstract":"Although popular culture has long perceived the gladiators as the manliest of Romans, posturing before howling crowds of plebeians as the rock stars of their day, the sex of gladiators as constructed by Romans is rather more complicated. This chapter considers the sexualized nuances of the arena, touching on the relative masculinity of gladiators within Roman social and political hierarchy, as well as the sliding scale of virility among the different styles of combat. The phenomenon of women in the arena is explored: were spectacles that were populated by women contestants designed to titillate and persuade in a way that was different from the more standard shows? Instances of spectacularized sex, shows that allegedly featured literal sexual engagement, point to demonstrations of moral and political authority by imperial sponsors; literary descriptions of risqué performances likewise functioned as moralizing critique of imperial powerbrokers. The genre of textual descriptions shaded the message of sexual power as well; Christian martyr acts reworked the suffering of Christian women condemned to the arena, claiming for them authority and agency that was both founded on and defiant of their gender.","PeriodicalId":272437,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124280731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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