Christoph Leitner, K. Keller, Stephan Thurner, F. Greco, Christian F. Baumgartner
{"title":"Properties of a Fully Printed Ultrasound Transducer on Flexible Substrate","authors":"Christoph Leitner, K. Keller, Stephan Thurner, F. Greco, Christian F. Baumgartner","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958719","url":null,"abstract":"Human-machine interfaces are looking for ever tinier sensors with barely perceptible interfaces to collect and interpret data from the musculoskeletal system. Ultrasound, for example, appears as a key technology to observe muscle mechanics during movement due to its ability to penetrate human tissue. Recently, wearable research platforms have emerged that enable wireless ultrasound measurements. However, existing transducers are still rigid and bulky, do not fit well to human anatomy, and cannot be attached to the body. To overcome these limitations, we present a fully printed ultrasound transducer made of the piezoelectric copolymer P(VDF-TrFE). We demonstrate the use of screen and inkjet printing to produce our transducers and evaluate their characteristics in a laboratory environment. With our assembled transducer stack, we observe the resonance frequency at 17 MHz. In addition, a bending radius of 3.5 mm promises good adaptability to human anatomy.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116508245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioinspired Transducer and Second-Generation Voltage Conveyor for a SONAR System","authors":"G. Barile, S. Pullano, A. Fiorillo, G. Ferri","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958114","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic transducers for in-air applications are mostly characterized by a narrow frequency band, representing a technological bottleneck for bioinspired SONAR systems. To overcome actual limitations, efforts have been focused on both transducers and electronic interfaces using alternative technological solutions. The use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been proposed for the fabrication of an asymmetric-shaped ultrasonic transducer, inspired by the cochlea of mammals. Moreover, the generation and reception of ultrasounds exploited the use of second-generation voltage conveyors (VCII). Obtained results evidenced that the transducer possess interesting characteristics in terms of bandwidth (~ 80 kHz) and directionality (360° on both planes), while the electronic interfaces are characterized by a non-constant gain bandwidth product, so providing a wide bandwidth (100 kHz) also at higher gain level (90 dB in reception).","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121517197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ecarlat, Vincent Perrot, E. Carcreff, B. Nicolas, H. Liebgott, Damien Garcia
{"title":"Alias- free color Doppler with chirps","authors":"P. Ecarlat, Vincent Perrot, E. Carcreff, B. Nicolas, H. Liebgott, Damien Garcia","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958463","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast Doppler imaging is an increasingly used technique to quantify and visualize blood flow dynamics at a high frame rate. However, Doppler imaging is subject to phase wrapping (aliasing) when it comes to large velocities. Blood velocities are bounded by the Nyquist velocity (maximum measurable speed), which depends on the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and central frequency. Several solutions have been proposed to achieve alias-free Doppler images: 1) post-processing of the Doppler images, some of which are based on deep learning, 2) combination of multiple Doppler fields with different Nyquist velocities, generated using dual-PRF emissions, or dual-frequency Doppler measurements. This work aims to improve the latter by using chirps, which have the double advantage of providing wide frequency bands and giving a better spatial resolution by matched filtering. Our results showed a significant drop in the percentage of errors (up to 12 % in double aliasing) when using chirps over standard windowed sine waves (WSW). Chirps are known to improve spatial resolution in beamforming; our results support their use for Doppler imaging, as they help mitigate velocity ambiguity due to aliasing.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121544417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Zeng, S. Mohammed, Tajwar Abrar Aleef, Emily H. T. Pang, Changhong Hu, J. Jago, R. Rohling, S. Salcudean
{"title":"Multifrequency Liver Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography with an xMATRIX Array - 2D vs. 3D Comparison Study","authors":"Qi Zeng, S. Mohammed, Tajwar Abrar Aleef, Emily H. T. Pang, Changhong Hu, J. Jago, R. Rohling, S. Salcudean","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958511","url":null,"abstract":"Shear wave absolute vibro-elastography (S-WAVE) is a quantitative technique that can provide volumetric hepatic stiffness measurements to aid the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic liver diseases. In our previous studies, we have shown that xMATRIX based 3D S-WAVE imaging system can generate large field of view shear wave phasors, and the volumetric reconstruction results are comparable to Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE). In recent literature, 2D vibro-elastography techniques are still the current state-of-the-art, and no study has compared inherent performance differences between the 2D and 3D approaches in a controlled setting. In this study, we address this gap in the literature. With an updated S-WAVE imaging setup, a set of four liver tissue phantoms and five healthy subjects were imaged. 3D MRE was used as the reference method for a cross-comparison study. Our results show that the 2D reconstruction with S-WAVE phasor data showed a consistent overestimation pattern in both the phantom and in vivo dataset, resulting in a lower agreement to the MRE results when compared to the 3D reconstruction in a similar setting.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127740481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Sahoo, Steven Zhou, Collin S. Smith, E. Ebbini
{"title":"Low-Power Full-Duplex Transmit-Receive Circuits for Wearable Ultrasound Transducers","authors":"Abhishek Sahoo, Steven Zhou, Collin S. Smith, E. Ebbini","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958787","url":null,"abstract":"With faster computational ability and miniaturization of electronic hardware, research on wearable ultrasound technology is gaining momentum in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Low power operation is an important criterion for successful commercialization of these devices, which mandates the use of elongated waveforms suitable for pulse compression to optimize SNR and axial resolution. Such waveforms require a continuous transmit-receive operation, which is not possible using a diplexer circuit used in traditional pulse-echo ultrasound systems. In this paper, we have used a three-port circulator circuit designed using wideband operational amplifiers, for enabling the full-duplex mode of operation in wearable ultrasound transducers. With 50-Ohm load termination, we were able to achieve approximately 0 dB transmission characteristic over 10 MHz bandwidth and −44 to −24 dB isolation characteristic over 5–10 MHz bandwidth for different values of load termination. Finally, the full-duplex continuous transmit-receive feature of the circulator circuit was demonstrated by connecting it to a Philips D1914C Doppler transducer while imaging a cadaver human head specimen by transmitting a two-cycle sinusoidal signal and a chirp signal of $boldsymbol{10-mu}mathbf{s}$ duration with a frequency sweep of 1.3 - 2.5 MHz.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126502527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined B-mode and Nakagami Images for Improved Discrimination of Breast Masses using Deep Learning","authors":"Sabiq Muhtadi, Syed Tousiful Haque, C. Gallippi","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957624","url":null,"abstract":"Although ultrasound has become an important screening tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer, it is limited by intra- and inter-observer variability, and subjectivity in diagnosis. On the other hand, deep learning-based approaches have the potential for objective and automated diagnosis in a manner that is efficient and reproducible. In this study, we propose a deep learning methodology for the classification of benign and malignant breast lesions based on combined ultrasound B-mode and Nakagami images. We hypothesize that combining the images, which contain complementary information, will provide better classification performance in a deep learning framework than using the images by themselves. The study included 230 patients who had 152 benign and 78 malignant masses. Nakagami images were formed using a sliding window applied to the envelope data of each patient. A superposition approach was adopted to form fused images, where Nakagami images and B-mode images were superimposed onto each other at differing weights. A modified VGG-16 network was trained on the resulting images, and performance was evaluated on a separate test dataset containing 50 images. Models trained using fused images outperformed models trained using individual B-mode and Nakagami images. Furthermore, the AVCs obtained by models trained on fused images were found to be statistically significantly higher than models trained on individual images. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of combining information from Nakagami and B-mode images, and its potential to provide improved diagnosis for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126532649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianni Allevato, T. Frey, Christoph Haugwitz, Matthias Rutsch, Jan Hinrichs, Raphael Müller, M. Pesavento, M. Kupnik
{"title":"Calibration of Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Phased Arrays. Is it worth it?","authors":"Gianni Allevato, T. Frey, Christoph Haugwitz, Matthias Rutsch, Jan Hinrichs, Raphael Müller, M. Pesavento, M. Kupnik","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957576","url":null,"abstract":"Air-coupled ultrasonic phased arrays are utilized for many emerging applications and typically consist of bending-plate piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (PUT). Due to their narrow bandwidth, the system response of PUTs is highly sensitive to manufacturing tolerances causing relative amplitude and phase errors in an array configuration. We analyze the impact of these errors for different deviation limits on the transmit beam pattern (BP) using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. In addition, we conduct an experimental calibration of a real-world 40-kHz PUT array consisting of 64 pre-selected Murata MA40S4S transducers. Here, the transmit amplitude and phase errors are measured in the free-field and compensated by individually pulse-width modulated and time-delayed excitation signals. The BPs before and after the calibration are analyzed and compared to the ideal BP and the improvements are highlighted. The MC simulations show that the amplitude and phase errors can severely affect the BP, e.g. an increase in maximum side lobe level (MSLL) up to 75%. After the experimental calibration, the BP measured is in good agreement to the ideal simulated pattern with a minor MSLL increase of 14%. We conclude with recommendations for the calibration and pre-selection methodology and discuss the pros and cons.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126551997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated backscatter versus spectral parameters for in vivo estimation of human carotid plaque composition","authors":"Sheronica L. James, R. Fedewa, S. Lyden, D. Vince","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957801","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid plaque composition is a missing piece of information in the treatment of carotid stenosis. This study evaluates a spectral analysis-based approach versus an intensity only approach (comparable to an idealized grayscale) using both fundamental and harmonic bandwidths. The intensity approach utilizes the integrated backscatter (IB), while the spectral analysis approach uses the slope, intercept and mid-band fit from an estimate of the backscatter transfer function. Backscattered ultrasound RF data were acquired in vivo from 134 subjects prior to carotid endarterectomy. Serial histology slides of the surgically excised plaque were matched to grayscale images created from the RF data. 1.2 mm by 1.2 mm regions of interest (ROI) were selected in the RF data corresponding to homogenous regions within the histology, determined as calcified (Ca), fibrous or fibro-lipidic (F), and hemorrhagic and/or necrotic core (HNC). A balanced data set of 130 Ca, 120 F, and 125 HNC ROI's was randomly selected to train and test three random forest classifiers relying on 1) IB, 2) spectral linear fit parameters, or 3) both IB and spectral linear fit parameters as inputs. Color-coded maps for 30 randomly selected matched frames were produced from the classifiers and compared to the matched histology based on a blinded expert review. HNC accuracy and specificity were slightly better for the spectral linear fit based approach than IB (accuracy, 0.63 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.06 and specificity, 0.77 ± 0.1 vs 67 ± 0.1), while sensitivity was the same for both (0.36 ± 0.07). The spectral linear fit parameter-based model provided the best representation of the plaque for 24 of 30 frames. These results support the understanding that spectral information can improve on the performance of intensity only based approaches for ultrasound-based tissue characterization of carotid plaque.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125766745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical Navigation System for Spinal Surgery with Photoacoustic Endoscopy","authors":"Luyao Zhu, Yuting Shen, Yongjian Zhao, Peng Ge, Li Liu, Fei Gao","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957853","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the idea of applying photoa-coustic (PA) technology for surgical navigation in spinal surgeries, and how we testify it with theoretical analysis and experiments. As a delicate and important operation, spinal fusion surgery requires accurate navigation and proper guidance. PA technology can be a promising option since it is safe and effective in imaging. We explored the feasibility of such application and designed a photoacoustic endoscopy transducer for testing. The fresh goat vertebral tissue was chosen for experiment, with the soft tissues removed. We performed experiments to prove the feasibility of PA technology in this field, and designed a new photoacoustic endoscopy probe for imaging. The images produced during the drilling process are distinct and convincing, which means our new system is efficient and promising for clinical application.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121841238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Abbaszadeh, V. Pashchenko, M. Gebhart, A. Travnik, J. Bardong, M. Moridi
{"title":"Detachable Ultrasonic Data Communication Through the Metal plate with NFC Technology","authors":"J. Abbaszadeh, V. Pashchenko, M. Gebhart, A. Travnik, J. Bardong, M. Moridi","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957896","url":null,"abstract":"Data and energy transmission through the metal barriers enable us to monitor the environmental condition in the not accessible side of the metal chambers. In this study, near field communication (NFC) technology has been utilized for energy harvesting and data communication by replacement of RF antenna with ceramic PZTs. The main concept is based on energy and data transmission with ultrasonic wave by application of direct and indirect effect of piezoelectric. Due to the comb-resonance effect of metal barriers which has a dominant effect on the communication, a method is proposed to reduce the fluctuation and flatten the bandwidth in the designated frequency range (13.56 MHz). Additionally, detachable method of communication on the reader side by study on couplant material and a method for alignment of reader and transponder is discussed, in this paper. For the experimental investigation, 200 um-thick, 5mm-diameter disc PZTs have been utilized as the ultrasonic transducers of the communication system. Based on experimental results, 30mW energy could be harvested by means of NFC ICs to supply the sensor modules with integrated ADC which are used on the not accessible side of metal chamber.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127968758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}