Dong Hun Kim, Young Seok Kwon, Dong-Hyun Kang, Shinyong Shim, J. H. Park, Byung Chul Lee
{"title":"Difference-Frequency-Based Ultrasonic Contrast Imaging of Material Elasticities","authors":"Dong Hun Kim, Young Seok Kwon, Dong-Hyun Kang, Shinyong Shim, J. H. Park, Byung Chul Lee","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957442","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear interaction of two waves causes a signal at their difference frequency. Difference-frequency ultrasound (dfUS) is highly dependent on material stiffness, making it a superior alternative to conventional linear ultrasound when it comes to elastographic contrast imaging. We have constructed a 64-element ring array for dfUS imaging based on a 32×32 2D matrix array and conducted experiments on phantoms with various material stiffnesses. The results were quantitatively analyzed and successfully used to implement an elastographic contrast image.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127936021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Acosta, E. Guerrero, C. Caballero, J. Verdú, P. de Paco
{"title":"Synthesis Approach to Ladder-DMS Mixed Structures","authors":"L. Acosta, E. Guerrero, C. Caballero, J. Verdú, P. de Paco","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957195","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the need of wider bandwidths with the deployment of 5G-NR such as the cases of bands n77 and n79, there is a growing interest in the design of structures combining acoustically-coupled with electrically-coupled resonators. These mixed structures have the advantages of both configurations, having the great selectivity of a ladder topology with electrically coupled resonators, but being less reliant on the pole-zero distance of the resonator impedance to achieve higher bandwidths. Based on the resonances present in a Double-Mode SAW (DMS) resonator, this works presents the equivalent circuital and nodal representations of the DMS for the synthesis of ladder-DMS hybrid structures.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129183161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix Sundblad, Denys Iablonskyi, Axi Holmström, A. Salmi, E. Hæggström
{"title":"Position and Orientation Control of Complex-Shaped Samples in Acoustic Levitation","authors":"Felix Sundblad, Denys Iablonskyi, Axi Holmström, A. Salmi, E. Hæggström","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957565","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled levitation has been limited to sub-wavelength samples with few exceptions of spheres and cubes. We demonstrate controlled airborne levitation of 2λ-sized complex-shaped objects (3D letters, X, U, T). The pressure field was tailored to a particular sample shape by arranging multiple small asymmetric acoustic traps. This allows stable locking of the object and control of its orientation and position in mid-air. The pressure field was produced with a 450-element phased array (f = 40kHz) featuring element-wise amplitude and phase control.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thurston Brevett, S. Sanabria, Rehman Ali, J. Dahl
{"title":"Speed of Sound Estimation at Multiple Angles from Common Midpoint Gathers of Non-Beamformed Data","authors":"Thurston Brevett, S. Sanabria, Rehman Ali, J. Dahl","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958779","url":null,"abstract":"Sound speed estimation is a promising quantitative parameter in ultrasound for both for it's potential as a biomarker, where sound speed is known to be correlated with biological changes, and for aberration correction, where knowledge of the sound speed allows for correction of distortions in the image. Previous methods for sound speed estimation rely on the use of an a-priori sound speed for beamforming, from which sound-speed estimates are then calculated. However, this assumption introduces a bias in the estimation technique, because errors in the a-priori sound speed lead to distortions in the image. Here we present a method for sound speed estimation that avoids this bias by estimating the sound speed without beamforming.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128824630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean Toffessi Siewe, S. Callé, L. Tran-Huu-Hue, Aline Banquart, J. Grégoire, S. Chevalliot, A. Capri, F. Levassort
{"title":"Performance Comparison Between Single Layer and Several Configurations of Bilayer P(VDF-TrFE) Transducers in Pulse-Echo Measurements","authors":"Sean Toffessi Siewe, S. Callé, L. Tran-Huu-Hue, Aline Banquart, J. Grégoire, S. Chevalliot, A. Capri, F. Levassort","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958503","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric copolymers such as P(VDF-TrFE) have been used over the years for the fabrication of high-frequency transducers, and particularly for medical imaging. With the aim of optimizing the sensitivity/bandwidth trade-off of this type of transducer, several manufactured bilayer P(VDF-TrFE) transducer configurations were obtained and the corresponding electroacoustic properties were compared with those of a reference single-layer transducer. In a first step, based on a previous study, performances of bilayer P(VDF-TrFE) transducers with both layers acting in emission and reception were compared with performances of a single-layer transducer. Electrical connections (parallel) and polarization direction (opposite) between piezoelectric layers were chosen. For this study, the piezoelectric layers consistently had the same thickness leading to different transducer center frequencies (a ration of 2). The bilayer configuration showed an increased sensitivity (+ 5.2 dB). In a second step, different configurations were studied, in which both piezoelectric layers acted in emission and both or only one of the layers acted in reception. Performances were compared with a reference single-layer transducer at the same frequency (10 MHz). The results showed that regardless of the bilayer configuration of our fabricated transducers, the single-layer structure had to be preferred in terms of sensitivity (+ 5 dB) at the expense of the relative bandwidth (−60 %) for imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandre Corazza, P. Muleki-Seya, Abderrahmane Aissani, O. Couture, A. Basarab, B. Nicolas
{"title":"Microbubble detection with adaptive beamforming for Ultrasound Localization Microscopy","authors":"Alexandre Corazza, P. Muleki-Seya, Abderrahmane Aissani, O. Couture, A. Basarab, B. Nicolas","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958516","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound Localisation Microscopy (ULM) is an imaging framework which consists of following ultrasound contrast agents, microbubbles, in time, on ultrasound images. The three main steps of ULM are: detecting microbubbles by reducing tissue signal, localizing them with subwavelength precision and tracking their trajectories. ULM performances were evaluated in different studies throughout metrics such as localisation accuracy or capacity to filter the tissues. In parallel, adaptive beamforming offers narrower Point Spread Function (PSF) and/or better tissue filtering than delay-and-sum method classically used within ULM. In this paper, the ability of adaptive beamformers to enhance ULM performances is evaluated, with a particular focus on the trade-off between acquisition time and bubble concentration to achieve super-resolution results.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125416647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enabling Spatial Multiplexing in Guided Waves-based Communication: the case of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation realized via Discrete Frequency Steerable Acoustic Transducers","authors":"M. Mohammadgholiha, F. Zonzini, L. De Marchi","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958829","url":null,"abstract":"Guided Waves (GWs) communication using conventional transducers, e.g., PZT, encounters quite a few problems, such as complex hardware systems and waves multipath interference. To overcome such drawbacks, Frequency Steerable Acoustic Transducers (FSATs) which benefit from inherent directional capabilities can be fruitfully adopted to implement a spatial multiplexing strategy. The FSATs work on the frequency-dependent spatial filtering effect to generate/receive waves, resulting in a direct relationship between the direction of propagation and the frequency content of the transmitted/received signals. Thanks to this unique frequency-steering capability, FSATs are best suited to implement frequency-driven modulation protocols, such as the ones typically exploited for GWs-based data communication. Among these, the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme is advantageous in terms of noise immunity. Thus, the objective of this work is to combine QAM with the built-in spatial multiplexing capabilities of FSATs to realize, in hardware, frequency directivity, like the solutions that are currently being investigated in 5G communications.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Djalma Simões dos Santos, F. Fool, Taehoon Kim, Emile Noothout, Nuriel Rozsa, H. Vos, J. Bosch, M. Pertijs, M. Verweij, Nico De Jona
{"title":"Automated Characterization of Matrix Transducer Arrays using the Verasonics Imaging System","authors":"Djalma Simões dos Santos, F. Fool, Taehoon Kim, Emile Noothout, Nuriel Rozsa, H. Vos, J. Bosch, M. Pertijs, M. Verweij, Nico De Jona","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957544","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, ultrasound imaging has made considerable progress based on the advancement of imaging systems as well as transducer technology. With the need for advanced transducer arrays with complex designs and technical requirements, there is also a need for suitable tools to characterize such transducers. However, despite the importance of acoustic characterization to assess the performance of novel transducer arrays, the characterization process of highly complex transducers might involve various manual steps, which are laborious, time-consuming, and subject to errors. These factors can hinder the full characterization of a prototype transducer, leading to an under-representation or inadequate evaluation. To come to an extensive, high-quality evaluation of a prototype transducer, the acoustic characterization of each transducer element is indispensable in both transmit and receive operations. In this paper, we propose a pipeline to automatically perform the acoustic characterization of a matrix transducer using a research imaging system. The performance of the pipeline is tested on a prototype matrix transducer consisting of 960 elements. The results show that the proposed pipeline is capable of performing the complete acoustic characterization of a high-element count transducer in a fast and convenient way.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noninvasive Transcranial Ultrasound System","authors":"R. Haupt, A. Fenn, D. Brigada, R. Laher, A. Samir","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9957460","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional ultrasound (US) is essentially ineffective transmitting acoustic frequencies necessary for high resolution brain imaging through the adult skull due the large acoustic impedance that exists at the skull-brain interface. Here, we present a proof-of-concept system that uses pulsed microwave (RF) energy that transmits through the skull bone and generates US waves via thermoelastic expansion in brain tissue. The RF emitter is a multi-element phased array placed outside the skull that can steer and focus US waves within the brain interior. We have demonstrated that a hand-scale RF array can noninvasively generate US waves ranging in frequency from 20 kHz - 1 MHz within a skull/brain phantom. In this demonstration, US waves are measured with a contact transducer via a port through the phantom skull. However, for a total noninvasive system, we propose the use of coherent whose optical wavelength has the potential to penetrate bone. The light carrier would be modulated by the US vibration within brain tissue which then transmits back to the device positioned outside the skull, thus, acting as a noninvasive US receiver. This RFUS system is being developed with the goal of producing a portable point-of-care intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection system. We are also exploring the potential of RFUS to perform quantitative elastography characterizing the stages of hematoma progression and as a therapy activating neuromodulation to modify brain function.","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123090349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernest Ting-Ta Yen, Keegan Martin, S. Mukherjee, Jeronimo Segovia-Femandez, Kaichien Tsai, Bichoy Bahr, Kashvap Mohan, Pceyoosh Miraikar, Harish Ramesh, Mahesh Chandrashekaraiah, Yao Yu, Y. Darwhekar, Jagdish Chand, Yf Chek, R. Jackson, Xiaolin Lu, Y. Ramadass, Xiaofan Qiu
{"title":"Programmable Oscillator Implementation Using 2.5 GHz Mirror-encapsulated BAW Resonator to Achieve $pm 20$ PPM Overall Stability","authors":"Ernest Ting-Ta Yen, Keegan Martin, S. Mukherjee, Jeronimo Segovia-Femandez, Kaichien Tsai, Bichoy Bahr, Kashvap Mohan, Pceyoosh Miraikar, Harish Ramesh, Mahesh Chandrashekaraiah, Yao Yu, Y. Darwhekar, Jagdish Chand, Yf Chek, R. Jackson, Xiaolin Lu, Y. Ramadass, Xiaofan Qiu","doi":"10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IUS54386.2022.9958706","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a programmable oscillator using a 2.5 GHz mirror-encapsulated BAW resonator as the clock source. Unlike low-frequency crystal- or MEMS-based oscillators which require fractional PLLs (phase-locked loops) to generate higher output frequencies, proposed DBAR (dual-Bragg acoustic resonator) oscillators utilize an FOD (fractional output divider) to enable programmability and active compensation. The DBAR operation requires no cavity on either side of the resonator yet still maintain the immunity to humidity and mass loading from assembly and contamination, enabling cost-effective system integration. The CMOS die contains a cross-coupled differential oscillator core, FOD, buffer, as well as the required compensation blocks. Both dies are stacked and integrated in a $boldsymbol{3.2} mathbf{mm}times boldsymbol{2.5} mathbf{mm}$ QFN package, achieving $boldsymbol{pm 20}$ ppm overall stability (including compensation error, aging, solder shift, etc.).","PeriodicalId":272387,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122205450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}