Ana Filipa Martins, Daniela Penela, Margarida M. G. S. Cardoso
{"title":"Understanding the personality of Europe’s only world surfing reserve","authors":"Ana Filipa Martins, Daniela Penela, Margarida M. G. S. Cardoso","doi":"10.1108/cbth-05-2022-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-05-2022-0115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to uncover the destination personality of the World Surfing Reserve (WSR) in Europe, Ericeira, from local stakeholders’ perspectives; understand if WSR recognition influences the perception of destination personality; and understand if there is an alignment between the vision of the destination management Organization (DMO) and stakeholders in terms of destination personality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An extensive literature search was conducted to identify personality traits, which were then filtered and included in a survey of Ericeira's stakeholders and in a DMO interview. A principal components analysis enabled the identification of the most relevant personality traits.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Cool, appealing and self-assured emerged as destination-specific personality traits of Ericeira, indicating that other similar destinations can consider them in future branding actions. The findings indicate that WSR recognition can be a determinant for local tourism but has no impact on destination personality as viewed by local stakeholders. Therefore, one can suggest that personality is embedded in a tourist destination and is somewhat resistant to external WSR recognition. In general, alignment was found between the views of the local stakeholders and the DMO.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study reinforces the literature on the importance of stakeholder involvement in place brand development. It also suggests that external recognition may have an impact on local tourism but has a limited impact on destination personality. Finally, this research constitutes a baseline for further studies on the destination personality traits of current and prospective WSR.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124740359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Satisfaction dimensions influencing consumers’ behavioral intentions through structural topic modeling analysis of restaurant reviews","authors":"Ivan Burkov, Aleksei Gorgadze, Iuliia Trabskaia","doi":"10.1108/cbth-06-2022-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-06-2022-0126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to identify the impact of affective components on behavioral intentions applying electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and is based on the “cognitive–affective–conative” model. EWOM allows researchers to get new insights about consumers’ behavior and explores new patterns of consumers’ decision-making processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study is based on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), doubled with “cognitive–affective–conative” model (Oliver, 2014). This study applies structural topic modeling to examine the impact of satisfaction dimensions from all the Tripadvisor reviews on consumer behavioral intentions. The research sample covers all restaurants located in St. Petersburg (n = 10,424) and all consumers’ reviews (n = 286,642).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In this study, the dimensions of the affective component were identified. The results demonstrate that dimensions of the affective component (food quality, service quality, atmosphere and cost fairness) affect behavioral intention (willingness to share positive emotions). In total, 20 topics, forming these dimensions, have been indicated. Consumers tend to pay more attention toward food quality and restaurant staffs’ work when they are willing to share positive emotions and tend to point out auxiliary service when they have less willingness to share positive emotions. Random restaurant visits tend to increase the willingness to share positive emotions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Research originality lies in a new methodological approach which is based on text mining techniques. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to examine consumer behavior through the lens of the “cognitive–affective–conative” model based on eWOM and covers all businesses in the specific economic sphere. This has allowed the researchers to reveal new dimensions of consumer behavior and brought more insights into the consumers’ decision-making process.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending the servicescape conceptualization: accounting for perceptions of crowding and risks under the pandemic","authors":"Atanu Kumar Nath, Parmita Saha, Xiang Ying Mei","doi":"10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0086","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Though many conceptual and empirical studies have been conducted on the servicescape, limited research has focused on how the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped factors influencing the servicescape. This paper aims to propose an extension of Bitner’s original conceptualization, including pandemic-induced physical and social constraints on servicescape in the form of crowding, consumer risk perception during the crisis and their impact on consumers' and employees’ behavioral changes in retail and hospitality sectors. Design/methodology/approach This paper critically reviewed the past and emerging servicescape and risk literature. It then examines and delineates the concepts of crowding, density and associated risk perceptions to offer an extended servicescape framework. Alongside, scales were proposed to measure the constructs and guidelines given to conduct future empirical studies. Findings This paper discussed the major impact on servicescape during a pandemic situation, to what extent risk is perceived during consumption and the impact of crowding and store density on employee and customer behavioral responses. Research limitations/implications This paper principally contributes by explicitly including specific risk dimensions and crowding and proposes the scales to measure consumers’ understanding of pandemic-induced perceptions of risk, crowding and density within servicescapes for further empirical testing. Alongside this, the identification and concretization of different types of perceived risks under COVID-19 provide critical and useful marketing implications. Originality/value This study identifies relevant risk dimensions, proposes crowding as an independent construct apart from servicescape physicality and proposes relevant measures for empirical verification.","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136275957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relative importance of culture in urban tourism: implications for segmentation","authors":"M. Smith, Ivett Pinke-Sziva, Z. Berezvai","doi":"10.1108/cbth-01-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-01-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to contribute to urban tourism segmentation studies by examining the role of culture as a motivation for city visits, different preferences for activities and the demographic factors that influence activity choices. This study also compares the memorability of the trip across the segments identified based on their undertaken activities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper draws on questionnaire data that was collected from 614 tourists in Budapest, Hungary. Tourist segmentation was based on a two-step procedure: principal component analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to reveal the effect of different demographic and travel-related characteristics on the segments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The research revealed that cultural activities are still the most important motivation for urban tourists and that cultural tourists constitute the biggest segment (43%). They show a preference for heritage sites, museums and galleries rather than performing arts and festivals. Multinomial logistic regression showed that party tourists can be differentiated from cultural tourists and city break tourists predominantly by age and travel status. Older age groups and women are more likely to be interested in heritage sites, museums and galleries. Party tourists found their experience significantly more memorable than any other group and were much more likely to re-visit and recommend.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Overall, this study provides useful information for destination management organisations and city agencies about which activities to promote and how to segment and potentially target tourists. This study did not include lifestyle and personality factors, secondary and complementary attractions or cultural proximity and distance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There have been relatively few recent studies on urban cultural tourism segmentation, especially in whole destinations rather than at individual attractions, it was therefore considered timely to re-visit this area of research. This paper reinforces the importance of segmentation studies in tourism and analyses the changing motivations and activity preferences of urban cultural tourists over time.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124774499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptation of the e-servicescape model to the online exhibition industry","authors":"W. Leung, Grace K. S. Ho, Rosanna Leung","doi":"10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The servicescape model has been widely adapted in various service industries, but this model may not be applicable if the exhibition is transformed from physical to online. Moreover, there is only a handful of research on online exhibitions; studies focusing on visitor behaviors from various types of online exhibitions and the differences between genders are still lacking. This study aims to examine the different variables in the e-servicescape model and discuss how e-servicescape affects visitor behavior based on the exhibition types and gender differences.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The e-servicescape model is adapted in this study. Qualitative interviews were conducted prior to a quantitative online survey to examine by regression analysis the relationships among the dimensions in e-servicescape and how it affects visitor subsequent behavior. Data analyses are based on the differences between exhibition types and gender differences in response to the three environmental dimensions, namely, aesthetic appeal, layout and functionality, and security concern.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings show that visitors pay more attention to artistic enjoyment in art-related exhibitions and focus on informative issues in other types of exhibitions. “Aesthetic appeal” and “layout and functionality” are important to both genders, but little concern is shown to computer security issues. Female visitors are concerned with aesthetic design and male visitors stress layout and functionality elements. In terms of the security concerns, females have no concern about cookies function, while males have no concern on leaving search history on the website.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There is no previous relevant research on the relationships and influence between e-servicescape and online exhibition; this study focuses on the application of e-servicescape to the online exhibition industry and helps fill this research gap.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128132009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Björk, Hannele Kauppinen-Räisänen, Erose Sthapit
{"title":"The impact of cruise ship dinescape on travellers’ behaviour","authors":"Peter Björk, Hannele Kauppinen-Räisänen, Erose Sthapit","doi":"10.1108/cbth-02-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-02-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine how cruise ship dinescapes, as a specific type of organized and staged service environment, influence customers’ attitudes, on-board behaviour, satisfaction and behavioural intentions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey from 552 passengers on-board one of the big cruise ships with a Caribbean itinerary.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Cruise ship dinescape, as an on-board food experience platform, is built on three dimensions: restaurant atmospherics, interactions with other guests and restaurant staff. The findings show how these dimensions influence passengers’ emotional experiences and quality perceptions. The results also show how travellers’ cruise ship dinescape satisfaction affect their overall vacation satisfaction and future travel behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings imply that cruise companies should pay extra attention to organised food service environments like dinescapes staged for passengers. Through these scapes cruise companies may provide favourable platforms enabling dining satisfaction, but also social interaction and co-creation of memorable experiences.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study builds a comprehensive model in cruise ship context, which links dinescape experiences to overall cruise ship dining experiences and dining behaviour mediated by emotional and perceived quality outcomes with further consequences.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130867631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hotel branding and COVID-19 managed isolation and quarantine (MIQ) facilities: consequences and lessons learnt","authors":"Z. Wisker, Zoe Morgan","doi":"10.1108/cbth-03-2022-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-03-2022-0078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to understand the consequences of the decision by some hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic to contract their accommodation to be used as managed isolation and quarantine (MIQ) facilities. Specifically, this study aims to understand the impact of this decision in terms of corporate brand image, brand loyalty, negative word of mouth (NWOM) and purchase intention.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data were collected through a quasi-experimental research design and was analysed through a t-test.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study hypothesises that the use of a hotel brand as a COVID-19 MIQ facility will be detrimental to its corporate brand image because of the expectation disconfirmation theory and attribution theory, thus reducing brand loyalty and increasing NWOM. The result supports the hypotheses.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This study does not factor in a time period for the observed effects. While the results indicate that hotels used for MIQ purposes have reduced corporate brand image, brand loyalty and purchase intention, this study does not establish the duration of the damage.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study provides insight into consumers' perceptions of hotel brands that served as COVID-19 MIQ facilities. The originality lies in the discovery that the decision by hoteliers to opt to use their facilities for COVID-19 MIQ facilities was detrimental to corporate brand image and brand loyalty.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128723841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unggul Heriqbaldi, M. A. Esquivias, Kemala Sari Agusti
{"title":"The role of cultural distance in boosting international tourism arrivals in ASEAN: a gravity model","authors":"Unggul Heriqbaldi, M. A. Esquivias, Kemala Sari Agusti","doi":"10.1108/cbth-12-2021-0288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-12-2021-0288","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the role of cultural distance, economic integration, price competitiveness and substitution prices for tourism arrivals between 10 Southeast Asian (ASEAN) countries and 22 other origin countries from 2007 to 2019.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A panel-data gravity model is applied to estimate tourism demand in the ASEAN region. An index of cultural distance (time-variant) is introduced to examine the role of cultural differences across bilateral partners. Moreover, relative prices and substitution prices are introduced to the gravity equation to estimate price elasticities. Finally, this study tested whether the ASEAN free trade agreements (FTAs) encourage intraregional tourism arrivals. Two-panel regression approaches are used to test the model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Cultural distance positively affects tourism inflows, boosting foreign arrivals. Income and price elasticities are important determinants in the demand model for ASEAN. A gain in price competitiveness versus alternative destinations can lead to substitution in destination choice. Meanwhile, geographic distance has a negative impact on arrivals, suggesting that connectivity and transportation are key in boosting tourism inflows in ASEAN. A decline in the disposable incomes of tourists caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may reduce tourism arrivals in the region. However, when currencies in ASEAN weaken, and consumer prices are lower than in other destinations, arrivals in ASEAN will be stimulated. FTAs have facilitated travel intra-ASEAN, which is an advantage over the extra-ASEAN sector.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Cultural heritage could be used in tourism promotion as ASEAN can attract tourists seeking novelty and new excitements. ASEAN countries could create complementary destinations and jointly promote cultural heritage to accelerate the region’s recovery. The depreciation of currencies in ASEAN and the gain in relative price competitiveness could attract more tourist visits, helping the region reestablish tourism activities in a postpandemic economy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The model accounts for three key variables in the gravity approach: cultural distance in ASEAN tourism inflows, the effects of the ASEAN economic community on intraregional tourism, and relative and alternative price competitiveness. This study enriches the literature about tourism-demand approaches in modeling tourism arrivals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115016256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personal values and travel social media use among Generation Z","authors":"Tung-Zong (Donald) Chang, W. Kong, Angelica Bahl","doi":"10.1108/cbth-11-2021-0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-11-2021-0263","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to examine how one's social media use during travel, to connect and/or to update, is related to selected personal values among Generation Z. Hypotheses are proposed based on how values are related to two common dimensions: openness-to-change and self-enhancement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A survey was conducted using existing and self-developed scales with 177 college students, a group of Chinese Gen Zers, at a public higher education institution in Macao, China.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results show that community values and materialistic values have a significant influence on social media use, whereas family values do not. Between two distinctive social media uses, consumers with a stronger materialistic value are more likely to use social media to update. Subjects with a stronger community value are more likely to use social media to connect.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study scrutinizes how mobile social media may be used in travel among Generation Z, who grew up with mobile devices and social media while forming personal values under the influence of families, communities and external environments. Travel destinations and services could streamline social media marketing efforts at those personal values that are relevant to their target markets. The results offer practical applications and directions for future research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topic modeling of the quality of guest’s experience using latent Dirichlet allocation: western versus eastern perspectives","authors":"Raksmey Sann, Pei-Chun Lai","doi":"10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cbth-04-2022-0084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to understand the satisfaction and needs of eastern and western travelers as hotel guest, based on their experiences as seen in guest reviews and review topics.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Considering 2,965 and 1,035 western and eastern traveler reviews, respectively, from 47 countries, obtained from TripAdvisor listed-hotel in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap city in Cambodia, this study investigates the differences in hotel guest satisfaction and needs by using topic modeling (i.e. latent Dirichlet allocation [LDA]).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results reveal differences in the online preferences, experiences, expectations and behaviors of hotel guests from different cultural backgrounds. Though western and eastern travelers appear to place similar emphasis on service, location, room and destination. The westerners more likely focus on meal and online reservation, whereas the easterners focus on hotel facility.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Reviews were obtained from only two cities in Cambodia, which is not an adequate representation of the diverse travelers visiting the country.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The comparison highlighting the similarities and dissimilarities between western and eastern traveler perspectives enable hoteliers to understand guests’ preferences and their hidden changes in (dis)satisfaction and leverage it to improve hotel service quality, increase occupancy and, thereby, maximize profits.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study contributes to the literature on hotel guests’ experiences by presenting the difference in perceptions of service experience of western and eastern travelers, through topic modeling.\u0000","PeriodicalId":271272,"journal":{"name":"Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114779162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}