ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Sweden's School Choice Reform and Equality of Opportunity","authors":"Karin Edmark, M. Frölich, V. Wondratschek","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2464496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2464496","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses whether the Swedish school choice reform, enacted in 1992, had different effects on students from different socio-economic backgrounds. We use detailed geographical data on students’ and schools’ locations to construct measures of the degree of potential choice. This allows us to study the effects of choice opportunities among public schools, whereas previous studies have focused on newly opened private schools. Our results suggest small positive or no effects of choice opportunities, depending on specification and outcome. We find no strong evidence of differences between subgroups; if anything, effects tend to be slightly more positive for disadvantaged groups, such as students from low-income families. Taken together, the results indicate that students from a socio-economically disadvantaged or immigrant background were not harmed by the reform.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warning Signs for Canadian Educators: The Bad News in Canada's PISA Results","authors":"J. Richards","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2457229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2457229","url":null,"abstract":"Canadian provinces should be concerned about slipping high-school students’ scores – in reading, science and mathematics – as assessed by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), according a new report from the C.D. Howe Institute. In “Warning Signs for Canadian Educators: The Bad News in Canada’s PISA Results,” author John Richards addresses some concerning trends in provincial PISA results, in particular declining PISA math scores over the past decade in most provinces. Quebec is the only province that maintained stable mathematics scores, and in 2012 its students outperformed those in all other provinces.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115347767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raport Desk Research: Praktyki wsparcia nauczycieli zawodowych zagrożonych bezrobociem (Desk Research Report: Practices of Supporting Teachers Threatened by Unemployment)","authors":"Andrzej Klimczuk","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1393335.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1393335.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Polish Abstract: Raport omawia nastepujące zagadnienia: - System ksztalcenia zawodowego w spoleczenstwach i gospodarkach opartych na wiedzy i kreatywności - Wylaniające sie wyzwania wobec systemow ksztalcenia zawodowego - Wsparcie poprzez adaptacje szkol zawodowych do trendow spoleczno-gospodarczych - Wsparcie poprzez zarządzanie kapitalem ludzkim nauczycieli zawodu - Wsparcie poprzez tworzenie kultury zatrudnialności - Zatrudnialnośc - pojecie, cechy i relacje z bezpieczenstwem na rynku pracy - Ksztalcenie przez cale zycie i tworzenie rownowagi praca-zycie nauczycieli i instruktorow szkol zawodowych - Podejścia do ksztaltowania struktury zatrudnienia w systemie szkolnictwa zawodowego - Rekonwersja i outplacement nauczycieli i instruktorow praktycznej nauki zawodu - Mozliwości zatrudnienia nauczycieli zawodu poza systemem edukacji publicznej English Abstract: This report discusses the following topics: - The system of vocational education in societies and economies based on knowledge and creativity - Emerging challenges for vocational training systems - Support for adapting vocational schools for socio-economic trends - Support through human capital management for vocational teachers - Support for creating a culture of employability - Employability - concept, characteristics and relationships with security in the labor market - Lifelong learning and the creation of work-life balance of teachers and instructors of vocational schools - Approaches to shape the structure of employment in the system of vocational education - Reconversion and outplacement of teachers and instructors of apprenticeship - Opportunities for vocational teachers outside the public education system","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"15 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131958278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Approach to Estimating the Efficiency of Public Spending on Education in Emerging and Developing Economies","authors":"F. Grigoli","doi":"10.11114/AEF.V2I1.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11114/AEF.V2I1.609","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of the efficiency of public education expenditure using parametric and non-parametric methods has proven challenging. This paper seeks to overcome the difficulties of earlier studies by using a hybrid approach to measure the efficiency of secondary education spending in emerging and developing economies. The approach accounts for the impact of the level of development on education outcomes by constructing different efficiency frontiers for lower- and higher-income economies. We find evidence of large potential gains in enrollment rates by improving efficiency. These are largest in lower-income economies, especially in Africa. Reallocating expenditure to reduce student-to-teacher ratios and improving the quality of institutions could help improve the efficiency of education spending. Easing the access to education facilities and reducing income inequality could also help improve efficiency.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122267158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Pricing in Undergraduate Education: Effects on Degree Production by Field","authors":"Kevin M. Stange","doi":"10.1002/PAM.21803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PAM.21803","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of declining state support, many universities have introduced differential pricing by undergraduate program as an alternative to across-the-board tuition increases. This practice aligns price more closely with instructional costs and students' ability to pay post-graduation. Exploiting the staggered adoption of these policies across universities, this paper finds that differential pricing does alter the allocation of students to majors, though heterogeneity across fields may suggest a greater supply response in particularly oversubscribed fields such as nursing. There is some evidence that student groups already underrepresented in certain fields are particularly affected by the new pricing policies. Price does appear to be a policy lever through which state governments can alter the field composition of the workforce they are training with the public higher education system.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131239665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS)","authors":"Bruce J. Chapman, J. Nicholls","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2307733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2307733","url":null,"abstract":"The Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) was the first national university policy in which tuition was collected through the tax system and dependent on the income of debtors. At the time of its introduction in 1989 HECS was a both controversial and novel initiative, with the financing reform process being accompanies by spirited and at times hostile argument. The paper documents and explains the political and economic context surrounding the introduction of HECS, and examines the views and activities of the major political groups engaged in the debate. We touch briefly on the role of the academic and research associated with the development of HECS. Systems of income contingent loans based on the Australian model are becoming commonplace internationally, a development which seemed very unlikely 25 years ago.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Education, Technological Change and Economic","authors":"K. Prettner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2200398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2200398","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce publicly funded education in R&D-based economic growth theory. The framework allows us to i) incorporate a realistic process of human capital accumulation for industrialized countries, ii) reconcile R&D-based growth theory with the empirical evidence on the relationship between economic prosperity and population growth, iii) revise the policy invariance result of semi-endogenous growth frameworks, and iv) show that the transitional effects of an education reform tend to be qualitatively different from its long-run impact.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121651041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Dropout Problem of Primary Education in Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal","authors":"C. Roy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2601969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2601969","url":null,"abstract":"The Right to Education Act came into effect on 1st April 2010 which ensures free and compulsory education to every child between the ages 6-14 years. “Free education” means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges. On the other hand, “Compulsory education” casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age groups. India is currently having 8.1 million eligible students who are either dropouts or have never gone to school. Therefore, bringing them back to school can be considered as one of the major challenges in implementing Right to Education (RTE).The target of RTE actually follows from a global set target, namely Millennium Development Goals, which states that every child must achieve primary education by 2015. The 1990 world conference on “Education for All” was held in Thailand, where few global goals were set, including achievement of universal primary education by 2000. Again in 2000, the World Education Forum in Senegal reaffirmed and extended the Thailand commitment. Universal Primary educations along with gender parity were reaffirmed again in the Millennium Summit at New York. However the world cannot reach its goal unless all the nations proceed forward. This clarifies the prioritization and relevance of the Right to Education Act in India.According to India’s “Education for All Middle Decade Assessment”, primary school enrolment has increased by 13.7% in between 2001-2005, which reaches close to universal enrolment in Grade I. Despite this success, 1 out of 4 children left school before reaching Grade V and almost half before reaching Grade VIII in 2005. Thus Drop-Out seems to be the major hurdles in the pace of achieving RTE.Jayachandran (2007) has shown that there is a common tendency to show inflated enrolment rates through official statistics mainly to project a successful trend, but that ultimately leads to magnifying dropout rates. Therefore we can say that the Official Statistics of Ministry of Human Development & Resources (1997-98) always project an exaggerated number. On the other hand NSS Data depends upon household sample survey, which believes to reflect the true trend. But calculation of dropout rate through 52-Round NSS data projects a much lower trend for dropout. Surprisingly in both the cases, West Bengal captures the second highest position in the dropout statistics. According to official statistics (MHRD, 97-98) the dropout rate in West Bengal is as high as 35.8% while calculation from NSS 52 Round data shows it is 11.5%.Uttar Dinajpur is the lowest ranking district in the state in achieving literacy rate and highest ranking state in dropout. The greatest challenge in achieving RTE in the district is to reduce its 34.75% dropout r","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133340452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Современные подходьi к развитию программ обучения в высшем аграрном образовании Болгарии (Modern Approaches to the Development of Training Programs in Higher Agrarian Education in Bulgaria)","authors":"Venelin Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3177803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3177803","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Существуют множество различных подходов к разработке программ и методов обучения. Трудно научиться применять эти методы эффективно, единственно читая о них. В идеальном варианте, обучающий должен их пробовать и быть готовым допускать ошибки. Обучающие преподаватели не должны удивляться, если ситуация развивается не так, как они ожидали. Разумно, чтобы обучающий вел досье о применяемых им методах, в котором делился б ы своим опытом во время их применения, чтобы помогать себе при их адаптации и улучшении. Было бы еще лучше, если обучающий попросил бы своих коллег и друзей наблюдать за ним, пока он применяет различные методы, чтобы знать их мнения и получать обратную информацию. Участники обучающих курсов, стажировок и практик тоже могли бы высказывать свои мнения и давать оценки относительно применяемых методов. В конечном счете, они являются теми людьми, которым следует получать пользу от обучения. <b>English Abstract:</b> There are many different approaches to developing programs and teaching methods. It is difficult to learn how to apply these methods effectively, only by reading about them. Ideally, the trainer should try and be prepared to make mistakes. Teachers should not be surprised if the situation does not develop as they expected. It is reasonable that the trainee conducts a dossier on the methods he uses, in which he shares his experience during their application, to help himself in adapting and improving them. It would be even better if the instructor would ask his colleagues and friends to watch him while he uses different methods to know their opinions and get feedback. Participants in training courses, internships and practices could also express their opinions and assess the methods used. Ultimately, they are the people who should benefit from training.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130616105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking of Governmental Support Measures for University-Industry Cooperation","authors":"Kärt Rõigas, Marge Seppo, U. Varblane","doi":"10.15157/TPEP.V20I2.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15157/TPEP.V20I2.842","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to benchmark Estonian governmental support measures targeted toward enhancing university-industry collaboration to European best practice and make suggestions for the development of these measures. The intensity and scope of university-industry cooperation support measures varies heavily in Europe. The survey of European University-Business Cooperation, Pro Inno Europe and Erawatch database of policy measures, and Community Innovation Survey reveal that Finnish, German and Austrian support systems are best balanced and provide good university-industry cooperation intensity. The cooperation measures in Estonia are weak and improvement should be made by increasing the Estonian governmental funding, mandatory cooperation in support measures, networking and applied research in universities, on-going application possibilities, reducing the bureaucracy, and improving the timing of measures.","PeriodicalId":269992,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Government Expenditures & Education (Topic)","volume":"827 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133848692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}