IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"An optimization procedure for overhead gantry crane exposed to buckling and yield criteria","authors":"A. Ahmid, V. Lê, T. Dao","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P3","url":null,"abstract":"The current study presents a general optimization procedure that could be used in designing of various structural applications. To validate the performance of the proposed procedure, a real life application of a custom welded I-Beam gantry crane is selected. The crane is composed of three rectangular plates with the same length and different thicknesses and widths welded together by full penetration welds over the span length to form an I-Beam profile. The thicknesses and widths of plates are to be optimized to have the minimum cross section area while respecting yield, buckling, deflection and fatigue criteria. A mathematical procedure based on Timoshenko beam theory and Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) in combination with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented, and a Mathcad code is implemented to find the optimal I-Beam cross section dimensions. Nine examples are introduced for 8, 12 and 20 m crane span subjected to 10, 20 and 40-toncapacities. It is noticed that the optimized I-section configurations always show narrow and thick lower flange, wider and thinner upper flange and tall and very thin web. Theupper flange local buckling and the lateral buckling limits are achieved for all nine cases, 75% of cases for the web buckling limit, about 33% of cases for the fatigue and yield limits whereas the maximum deflection constraint is never critical. The obtained results were verified using ANSYS Workbench software with a 3D Solid Finite Element model and shown good agreement, which confirms that the proposed procedure is efficient.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114451053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User Mobility Analysis of Lighting Practices in Konya City Square","authors":"B. Çakmak, Hamdi Bektas, Serpil Sucucan","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P2","url":null,"abstract":"Aim : There have been many urban design application and research studies describing the connection between user movement and space. The Space Syntax Method, an urban design model developed by the Space Syntax Laboratory at University College London, England, seeks to describe the connection between pedestrian movement and spatial formation on a mathematical basis. The Space Syntax is specialized approach used in designing pedestrian connections within the urban structure. It observes pedestrian and vehicle movements, and uses computer programs to calculate the potential effects of design proposals on pedestrian movement. Method : This model is used in many European countries and it provides consistent results for pedestrian movement. This method was utilized to determine the connection between pedestrian movement and the space format in a field described in this study – the Konya City Square. Starting from pedestrian movement and the assembly points, the study recorded the observations and the follow-up of pedestrian movement in Konya city center during a one-week period (at different hours of the day, on weekdays and weekends, in the daytime and at night). A video recording was made and it was turned into pedestrian movement charts. Graphic maps were also prepared and they were compared to the Space Syntax Method. Furthermore, a lighting analysis was conducted in the City Square using the DIALux lighting calculation program and it was found to be consistent with the current records. Conclusion : The study concluded that the lighting work at the City Square underestimated pedestrian movement on the Square, and the monument at the center of the Square lacked visibility and definability. Suggestions were put forward regarding these issues.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129840021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyper-spectral Remote Sensing of Water Quality Parameters in Lakes: A Case Study of Hyderabad City, Telangana State, India","authors":"V. Sailaja, P. Babu, M. Reddy","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V8.N2.P1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a research work intended to present a comprehensive water quality modeling for predicting three water quality parameters (Chlorophyll (a), Turbidity and Secchi Depth) in typical Inland lake environments (Hussain sagar and Umda sagar) using Hyperspectral Remote sensing technique. They are estimated through regression models by combining the field Spectro-radiometer reflectance values with concurrent in situ ground data (Analytical) collected in the study area and correlated and validated with the available Hyperspectral data (Hyperion).  A total of 180 in situ water sample and 900 spectral signatures were analysed during campaigns from 2010 to 2014 study period. The mean values of Chlorophyll-a varied between 6.983mgL -1 and 24.858mgL -1 , Turbidity varied between 16.583mgL -1 and 48.867mgL -1 and Secchi depth varied between 0.104mgL -1 and 0.375mgL -1 over the study period considering the two lakes during pre and post monsoon seasons. The band ratios of the reflected spectra at R670/R710, R710/R740 and R710/R550 are used for the development of the mathematical model of chlorophyll-a, Turbidity and Secchi depth respectively. The trained sets of the pixels extracted from the hyperspectral data for pure spectra are processed for preparing the water quality distribution maps. When subjected to multi-variant statistical tests of significance, the models have yielded satisfactory R 2 values. The model versus in situ analysis results demonstrated R 2 = 0.81% for Chlorophyll-a, R 2 = 0.81%  for Turbidity and R 2 = 0.78% for Secchi depth correlation and that of model versus satellite data exhibited R 2 = 0.60% for Chlorophyll-a, R 2 = 0.66% for Turbidity and R 2 = 0.65 %  for Secchi depth mean efficiency.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vermi-Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste by Red Wigglers to Organic Fertilizer","authors":"Smita Dhoke, A. Srivastava, Parag Dalal, J. K. Srivastava","doi":"10.21013/JTE.V8.N1.P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.V8.N1.P1","url":null,"abstract":"Ujjain is known as one of the most significant cities of the India as Singhastha 2016 just passed by. Singhastha is an event where Billions of devotees come to take a dip in holy river Shipra for whole One month. In Ujjain average total solid waste generation now is about 226 tons per day in the city area only. A huge amount of money is spent by the Local government on the solid waste management transportation to trenching grounds. The trenching grounds are situated at 20 Kms away from the city in different directions. Solid Waste Management also produces various problems which create many issues with wastage of money therefore; a big need for the ecofriendly disposal technique is been posted. In this paper we are proposing a technique known as vermicomposting which is a good solution to treatment of organic solid wastes. In this technique we have found the degradation of organic municipal solid waste by earthworms. In the research work the temperature is been maintained at 25-35°c, moisture content maintained about at 45- 55% and pH between 7.0-7.3. About 100 grams earthworms {Eisenia Fetida} per kilogram of municipal solid waste were taken. The final result shows that the organic municipal solid wasted are been converted to manure in a time period of 35 - 36 days through vermicomposting technique and about 63% volume of municipal solid waste is reduced for transportation.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Treated Domestic Sewage Irrigation on Crop Yield, Plant Uptake and Soil Properties in Central India","authors":"A. Mhaske, P. Nikam","doi":"10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201708","url":null,"abstract":"The rising population has not only increased the fresh water demand but also increased the volume of wastewater generated. Increasing need for water has resulted in the emergence of domestic wastewater application for agriculture and its relative use. In the present study a field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 in which spinach (Spinacia oleracia) were irrigated with well water (WW) and domestic treated sewage water (DTSW). The use of the DTSW has shown improvement in the physicochemical properties of the soil, yield along with the nutrient status as compared to the application of WW. Post harvest pH of the soil in DTSW was in the range 7.85 whereas it was 7.93 in WW. EC and OC were found 0.43dS m-1 and 5.41 g kg-1 respectively in DTSW whereas it was 0.31 dS m-1 and 5.27 g kg-1 respectively in WW. NPK were found 279.6, 17.22 and 435.70 kg ha-1 respectively in DTSW whereas it was found, 266.8, 16.44 to 428.1 kg ha-1 respectively in WW. The physical properties of the soil like BD and HC observed 1.32 Mg m-3and 1.50 cm hr-1 respectively in DTSW and it was found 1.42 Mg m-3 and 1.54 cm hr-1 respectively in WW. The content of micronutrients and heavy metals in soil and plant due to irrigation of DTSW were well below the phytotoxicity limits in both soil and plant. The findings give applicable advice to commercial farmers and agricultural researchers for proper management and use of treated domestic wastewater for agricultural purpose.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of SCERP: A Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy Balancing in Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"M. Pund, Shital V. Bahale, Jayant G. Ingole","doi":"10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201701","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonging lifetime of wireless sensor network is a most significant problem due to energy constraint nature of sensor nodes. It is difficult to recharge nodes during network lifetime, to increase application area of WSN there is a need to design energy efficient clustering protocol for WSN. In this article there is a discussion about problems in Leach protocol and propose an improvement on the Leach routing protocol to reduce energy consumption and to extend network lifetime. Proposed self organized cluster based energy balanced routing protocol (SCERP) selects a cluster head node by considering probability based on ratio of residual energy of the node and the average energy level of nodes in network, and the geometric distance between the candidate node to the BS as key parameters. The outcome of simulation shows that proposed protocol is better than Leach in terms of balancing energy consumption of nodes and extending WSN lifetime.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129486199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity Testing of a Simplistic Design Version of a Kinematic Arm for Postural Measurement of Human Body Segments (May 2017)","authors":"Vinod Datir, B. Lahari, V. Kale","doi":"10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201712","url":null,"abstract":"In all engineering industries complaints about back pain and low back injuries are very high. Major factor for such back injuries are associated with Load handling tasks. In industries type of such lifting activities in percentage is to extend 77% and bending activity up to 56%.According to US department of labour report back injuries account to be 20% of all injuries and 25% of annual worker compensation goes for such injuries. So one of the important areas of Kinematic And kinetic measurements are useful is load lifting. Different methods have been evolved for carrying out Kinematic measurements, selection depend upon type of study, type of kinematic parameter to obtained merits and demerits of the methods and cost of study. Need of alternative methods which satisfy the study requirements and also compensate the cost leads to a development of \"Kinematic Arm” In one of study made by Belli et al(1992) Developed Kinematic arm for three dimensional recording of human movements. They Validate and tested successfully the device. Error values for static quasi-static human motions are less than tracking system and film or video analysis ,Also device is five times cheaper than above two well known methods. Based on the guidelines of study by Belli et al a Kinematic arm has been designed and fabricated for validation testing of positional measurements of human body segments subject to different postures during load lifting. The Kinematic arm consists of four light rigid pipe linked together by three joints. One end of arm is connected to fixed reference point while other end can move freely in the three spatial directions. the free movement is allowed in all spatial directions by orientation of the axes of the three revolute joints. At each joint a potentiometer (multi turn 50 Kilo-ohm) is mounted and connected to an electronic interface to measure the angle between two link elements involved. Three potentiometers are connected in series and fed a constant current from the circuit. Output from potentiometer is amplified and measured and calibrated in terms of angles. Angles a1(t),a2(t),a3(t).measured and by appropriate trigonometric equations can calculate instantaneous position. Equation for velocity and acceleration have been established in order to evaluate the exact performance of kinematic arm for positional measurements Kinematic arm is tested for the static and quasi-static conditions for different body postures successfully. Results obtained are within the range of theoretical estimation of errors.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129116249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"R. Chaudhari, P. Gharde","doi":"10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201723","url":null,"abstract":"In diesel compression ignition engine, simultaneous reduction of NOx and PM is extremely challenging task. The most favorable solution for this is HCCI. It is an impulsive auto ignition of very lean air fuel mixture at multiple sites. It has advantages of both CI and SI engines. It also gives higher thermal efficiency like CI engines, higher ROHR, minimum DOC and has no flame propagation and mainly it has simultaneous control over NOx as well as PM. The combustion of homogeneous mixture in HCCI combustion helps in reducing DOC because of higher ROHR. The present experiment is conducted on engine having two cylinders; they are made to operate on HCCI and conventional CI mode respectively. Both DI and PI systems were used simultaneously to investigate the performance characteristics. The toughest part is to prepare homogeneous mixture for combustion. As the diesel is a low volatile fuel, the preparation of homogeneous mixture is difficult therefore diesel vaporizer comes into picture. EGR is used to control the ROHR. To investigate the combustion characteristics experiment was performed at different relative air fuel ratios (λ). The DOC and ROHR is increases with increasing λ. EGR dilutes the homogeneous mixture and leads to minimum NOx emission by keeping maximum temperature in cylinder low. The increased boost pressure is responsible for short DOC and high rate of combustion. Also the indicated mean effective pressure is improved by 3% by DI method as compared to PI in HCCI.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology: It’s Commercial Applications And Possibilities of Hybridization with other Membrane Techniques to Recover Valuable Industrial By-Products for Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection by and Large","authors":"A. Pardey, V. Sapkal, R. Sapkal","doi":"10.21013/jte.ICSESD201720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/jte.ICSESD201720","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is advancing rapidly around the world both in research and commercial applications. Despite the increasing number of studies and full-scale applications of MBR systems, directions and trends in academic research as well as commercial developments require further analysis. This paper aims to critically characterize and review worldwide academic research efforts in the area of MBRs as well as focus attention to commercial MBR applications. Various research papers published in peer-reviewed international journals were used as the database for the analysis provided in this paper. After a surge of MBR publications, research appears to have reached a plateau in the last 7 years using both submerged and external MBR units. Although much of the pioneering research occurred in Japan, France and the UK, countries such as South Korea, China and Germany have significantly contributed to the research pool in the last 5 years. The primary research focus has been on water filtration MBRs with limited growth in extractive and gas diffusion MBRs which still hold un-tapped potential. Fundamental aspects studied in academic research predominantly involve issues related to fouling, microbial characterization and optimizing operational performance. Zenon occupies the majority of the MBR market in America, whereas Kubota and Mitsubishi-Rayon has a larger number of installations in other parts of the world. Due to more stringent regulations and water reuse strategies, it is expected that a significant increase in MBR plant capacity and widening of application areas will occur in the future. Potential application areas include nitrate removal in drinking water treatment, removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from water and wastewater streams; enhancing bio-fuels production via membrane assisted fermentation and gas extraction and purification MBRs. Treatment technology for water recycling encompasses a vast number of options. Membrane processes are regarded as key elements of advanced wastewater reclamation and reuse schemes and are included in a number of prominent schemes world-wide, e.g. for artificial groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse as well as for industrial process water production. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are a promising process combination of activated sludge treatment and membrane filtration for biomass retention. Many researchers have concluded that wastewater reclamation in intended MBR technology is the method of choice when it is combined with other advanced treatment technologies. As water shortages are increasing, the need for sustainable water treatment and the reuse of water is essential. Water reuse from wastewater can be accomplished in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the secondary activated sludge stage of a wastewater treatment plant. To remove viruses, dissolved organics and in organics still present in the MBR permeate, nanofiltration (NF) can be applied. Nevertheless, the major drawback of n","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Rate Using Twisted Tape with Elliptical Holes","authors":"K. Gawande, A. V. Deshmukh","doi":"10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JTE.ICSESD201711","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation was carried for measuring tube-side heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, heat transfer enhancement efficiency of water for turbulent flow in a circular tube fitted with rectangular-cut twisted tape insert. A copper tube of 26.6 mm internal diameter and 30 mm outer diameter and 900 mm test length was used. A stainless steel rectangular-cut twisted tape insert of 5.25 twist ratio was inserted into the smooth tube. The rectangular cut had 8 mm depth and 14 mm width. A uniform heat flux condition was created by wrapping nichrome wire around the test section and fiber glass over the wire. Outer surface temperatures of the tube were measured at 5 different points of the test section by T-type thermocouples. Two thermometers were used for measuring the bulk temperatures. At the outlet section the thermometer was placed in a mixing box. The Reynolds numbers were varied in the range 10000-19000 with heat flux variation 14 to 22 kW/m2 for smooth tube, and 23 to 40 kW/m2 for tube with insert. Nusselt numbers obtained from smooth tube were compared with Gnielinski correlation and errors were found to be in the range of -6% to -25% with r.m.s. value of 20%. At comparable Reynolds number, Nusselt numbers in tube with rectangular-cut twisted tape insert were enhanced by 2.3 to 2.9 times at the cost of increase of friction factors by 1.4 to 1.8 times compared to that of smooth tube. Heat transfer enhancement efficiencies were found to be in the range of 1.9 to 2.3 and increased with the increase of Reynolds number.","PeriodicalId":269688,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131120024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}