Biodiversity Informatics最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Information: Placing Biodiversity Phenomena in an Ecological and Environmental Context","authors":"Arthur D. Chapman, Mauro Enrique de Souza Muñoz, Ingrid Koch","doi":"10.17161/BI.V2I0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/BI.V2I0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental models are increasingly being used as surrogates to determine plant and animal species’ distributions for a range of uses. This use of models has become an important part of the recent science that has become known as biodiversity informatics. Because of the nature of species data, considerable effort has often been spent in managing the quality of those species data, but less time has generally been spent on determining the quality and efficacy of the environmental data against which the species data are being modeled. This paper examines a range of environmental data being used in species distribution modeling, and looks at how they are prepared, their quality and use, and some of the commonly encountered pitfalls and problems in using these data in species’ distribution modeling.","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129740490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Place prioritization for biodiversity content using species ecological niche modeling","authors":"V. Sánchez‐Cordero, V. Cirelli, Mariana Munguial, S. Sarkar","doi":"10.17161/BI.V2I0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/BI.V2I0.9","url":null,"abstract":"Place prioritization for biodiversity representation is essential for conservation planning, particularly in megadiverse countries where high deforestation threatens biodiversity. Given the collecting biases and uneven sampling of biological inventories, there is a need to develop robust models of species’ distributions. By modeling species’ ecological niches using point occurrence data and digitized environmental feature maps, we can predict potential and extant distributions of species in untransformed landscapes, as well as in those transformed by vegetation change (including deforestation). Such distributional predictions provide a framework for use of species as biodiversity surrogates in place prioritization procedures such as those based on rarity and complementarity. Beyond biodiversity conservation, these predictions can also be used for place prioritization for ecological restoration under current conditions and under future scenarios of habitat change (e.g., deforestation) scenarios. To illustrate these points, we (1) predict distributions under current and future deforestation scenarios for the Mexican endemic mammal Dipodomys phillipsii, and show how areas for restoration may be selected; and (2) propose conservation areas by combining nonvolant mammal distributional predictions as biodiversity surrogates with place prioritization procedures, to connect decreed natural protected areas in a region holding exceptional biodiversity: the Transvolcanic Belt in central Mexico. \u0000La seleccion de areas prioritarias de conservacion es fundamental en la planeacion sistematica de la conservacion, particularmente en paises de mega-diversidad, en donde la alta deforestacion es una de las amenazas a la biodiversidad. Debido a los sesgos taxonomicos y geograficos de colecta de los inventarios biologicos, es indispensable generar modelos robustos de distribucion de especies. Al modelar el nicho ecologico de especies usando localidades de colecta, mapas digitales de variables ambientales y sistemas de informacion geograficos, se proyecta las distribuciones potencial y actual en habitat transformados y no transformados por la deforestacion. Estas hipotesis de distribucion proveen un marco teorico para predecir presencia y ausencia de especies, como indicadores de la biodiversidad existente en areas prioritarias seleccionadas con base en los principios de rareza y complementariedad. Para ilustrar esto, se muestran dos ejemplos; (1) se modelo el nicho ecologico de un roedor endemico Dipodomys phillipsii, proyectando su distribucion en escenarios de deforestacion actuales y a futuro. La prediccion de la distribucion de especies puede ser util en la seleccion de areas prioritarias para la conservacion y la restauracion, bajo escenarios actuales y futuros de deforestacion, permitiendo una planeacion sistematica adecuada de la conservacion de la biodiversidad, y (2) proponer areas de conservacion, usando predicciones de distribuciones de mamiferos no volador","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124095438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERPRETATION OF MODELS OF FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL NICHES AND SPECIES' DISTRIBUTIONAL AREAS","authors":"Jorge Soberón, A. Peterson","doi":"10.17161/BI.V2I0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/BI.V2I0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the dimensions of fundamental ecological niches of species to predict their geographic distributions is increasingly being attempted in systematics, ecology, conservation, public health, etc. This technique is often (of necessity) based on data comprising records of presences only. In recent years, modeling approaches have been devised to estimate these interrelated expressions of a species' ecology, distributional biology, and evolutionary history—nevertheless, a formal basis in ecological and evolutionary theory has largely been lacking. In this paper, we outline such a formal basis to clarify the use of techniques applied to the challenge of estimating 'ecological niches;' we analyze example situations that can be modeled using these techniques, and clarify interpretation of results.","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammals of the World: MaNIS as an example of data integration in a distributed network environment","authors":"Barbara R Stein, John Wieczorek","doi":"10.17161/BI.V1I0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/BI.V1I0.7","url":null,"abstract":"Natural history collections are the authoritative source of knowledge about the identity, evolutionary relationships, and attributes of species with which we share this planet. As such, collections of research specimens play a central and critical role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The potential contribution of specimen data to systematic, genomic, and ecological analyses is enormous, and will be orders of magnitude greater when information is made easily accessible via distributed networks compared with stand-alone database systems in use up to the present. The Mammal Networked Information System (MaNIS) is a distributed database network that permits participating institutions to provide web-based global access to their collections data for research, education and informed decision-making. The simplicity of the network’s design ensures that any institution wishing to join MaNIS may do so at relatively little cost and with relatively little technical expertise. Although development of MaNIS and its underlying architecture relied on a number of key programming tasks and innovations, much of what the project can offer at this pivotal juncture is insight into its approach and a template by which other disciplines can engage in a similar process with equal success.","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS: SETTING THE SCENE FOR A \"NEW WORLD\" OF ECOLOGICAL MODELING","authors":"V. Canhos, S. Souza, R. Giovanni, D. Canhos, B. Geraldo","doi":"10.17161/BI.V1I0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/BI.V1I0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in information and communication technology are allowing new experiences in the integration, analysis and visualization of biodiversity information, and are leading to development of a new field of research, biodiversity informatics. Although this field has great potential in diverse realms, including basic biology, human economics, and public health, much of this potential remains to be explored. The success of several concerted international efforts depends largely on broad deployment of biodiversity informatics information and products. Several global and regional efforts are organizing and providing data for conservation and sustainable development research, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the European Biodiversity Information Network, and the Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network. Critical to development of this field is building a biodiversity information infrastructure, making primary biodiversity data freely and openly available over the Internet. In addition to specimen and taxonomic data, access to non-biological environmental data is critical to spatial analysis and modeling of biodiversity. Adoption of standards and protocols and development of tools for collection management, data- cleaning, georeferencing, and modeling tools, are allowing a quantum leap in the area. Open access to research data and open-source tools are leading to a new era of web services and computational frameworks for spatial biodiversity analysis, bringing new opportunities and dimensions to novel approaches in ecological analysis, predictive modeling, and synthesis and visualization of biodiversity information.","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129349832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing species richness and site similarity from presence-absence matrices","authors":"Jorge Soberón, M. Cobos, C. Nuñez-Penichet","doi":"10.17161/bi.v16i1.14782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v16i1.14782","url":null,"abstract":"Species richness and similarity of biotas among distinct sites are important quantities in biogeography. Indices derived from presence-absence matrices are used to represent these quantities in so-called diversity-range plots.  The most commonly used diversity-range plot, however, has multiple special cases and its interpretation is cumbersome. Here we present an equivalent formulation that is geometrically simpler and has no special cases. In addition, we introduce a method to identify the statistical significance of the dispersion field, an index that represents how similar species composition is in a cell with respect to the whole area. The new diversity-range plot is a promising tool to explore biodiversity and endemism in a region as the values shown in this plot and whether they are statistically significant or not can also be represented in geography.","PeriodicalId":269455,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity Informatics","volume":"205 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131450246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}