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Combined Caesium Magnetometry and Resistivity Survey in Palmyra (Syria) 1997 and 1998 Palmyra(叙利亚)的联合铯磁强计和电阻率测量，1997年和1998年

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22874

H. Becker, J. Fassbinder

{"title":"Combined Caesium Magnetometry and Resistivity Survey in Palmyra (Syria) 1997 and 1998","authors":"H. Becker, J. Fassbinder","doi":"10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22874","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation of Bavarian State Conservation Office. Department Archaeological Prospection and Aerial Archaeology (H. Becker, J. W. E. Fassbinder), Institute for General and Applied Geophysics of Munich University (H. C. Soffel). Institute for Photogrammetry Technical University Munich (M. Stephani). Institut fur Klassische Archaologie der Universitat Wien (A. Sehmidt-Colinet, 1997 German Archaeological Institute Damascus and University of Bern). Museum of Palmyra (Khaled al-As'ad). German Archaeological Institute Damascus (S. Freyberger). Department for Geophysics of Damascus University (Faris Chouker. Khaldoun Kotaish. Bassam al-Shamali. Nazih Jaramani [1998]). \"In Hellenistic times, the caravan city of Palmyra, situated in the Syrian desert, had almost no direct contact with the great centres in the west such as Pergamon in Asia Minor or Rome. During this early period, the politics, economy and culture of Palmyra were all oriented towards the east, to the recently founded cities on the Euphrates and Tigris, such as Seleucia or DuraEuropos. and later to Parthian cities such as Hatra. It was only later, after the peace treaty between Rome and the Partians (20 13. C), that Palmyra developed closer relations to western centres to Emesa and Antioch. to the cities in Asia Minor and to Rome in a periode when, especially through the unifying power of normative Augustan politics, a Hellenistic-Roman 'koine', a common language also in the arts were established. At that period, the first monumental buildings were also built in Palmyra, including sanctuaries, such as the temple of Bel dedicated in A.D. 32. and funerary monuments, such as the tower of Atenatan built in 9 B.C.\" (Schmidt-Colinet, 1997). This rather clear view of the political and cultural situation of Palmyra stands in contrast to the actual knowledge of the city of Palmyra in Hellenistic times, which is completely unknown except of the above mentioned temple of Bel. Following the ideas of Schmidt-Colinet the Hellenistic city of Palmyra may be situated in the south of the Roman city wall of Diocletianus which is still an upstanding monument like many other buildings in the Roman city. Nowadays this area is a vast field of ruins but without any architectural structures to be seen above ground. Only after careful fieldwalking some buildings eroded to the foundations appear, but their dating is almost uncertain. In spring 1997 after a long period of heavy rainfalls some building near the surface showed up as vegetation marks, but they vanished within several hours and could not been mapped before. In March 1997 and 1998 nondestructive geophysical methods were tested in the \"Hellenistic city\" of Palmyra for archaeological prospecting. A 700 m long main line (azimuth = 100/280°) was fixed by stable architectural elements in the field and a 40 m grid was marked by wooden stacks. Two geophysical techniques were applied for this project:","PeriodicalId":268714,"journal":{"name":"Monuments and Sites","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Magnetic Prospecting to Virtual Archaeology 从磁勘探到虚拟考古

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22860

H. Becker

引用次数: 0

Recommendations of the Sixth Expert Working Group on the Preservation of the Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley. NRICPT, Tokyo, 20–21 January 2008 保护巴米扬河谷文化景观和考古遗迹问题第六专家工作组的建议。2008年1月20-21日，东京

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/MONSTITES.2009.0.22965

Icomos Hrsg.

引用次数: 0

Late Antique and Early Medieval Textiles and Costume and their Representations in Various Media 古代晚期和中世纪早期的纺织品和服装及其在各种媒介中的表现

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22349

Birgitt Borkopp

{"title":"Late Antique and Early Medieval Textiles and Costume and their Representations in Various Media","authors":"Birgitt Borkopp","doi":"10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22349","url":null,"abstract":"Whenever men and women are represented in the pictorial arts especially whenever their official rank or function is emphasized their clothes and accessories are an important part of the portrait. As comparatively few textiles and costumes are preserved from late antique and early medieval centuries, their reproductions in sculpture, paintings and other media may be considered as important documents, allowing us to visualize the richness of a material culture that would otherwise be lost. Not in all periods, however, do the pictorial documents mirror the decorative details of the reality, in which they were created, with the same degree of accuracy. Their testimony must, therefore, be checked against the evidence of surviving costume or textile fragments for a fair account of their credibility. In a brief sketch and more cannot be given here it is not possible to give a detailed account of surviving documents and to follow closely the parallels and contrasts between textiles and their pictorial counterparts. Instead, several examples will be presented that demonstrate greater or lesser correspondence between textiles and their representations, indicating chances and risks of a method that might take the one as evidence for the other. A recent study, published by Prof. Dr. Andreas Schmidt-Colinet, followed in detail the parallels between sculpture and textiles excavated in Palmyra and succeeded in proving that indeed the representations of costume and textiles have their foundation in the fabrics traded and used in the area. The oasis of Palmyra was, from the 2\"' century BC until the 3\" century AD, an important commercial centre trading silk and wool, spices, glass and ceramics between East and West. Remaining politically independent from Rome as well as from Iran, it entertained economically profitable relationships with both ruling powers and practically controlled the exchange of","PeriodicalId":268714,"journal":{"name":"Monuments and Sites","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technique of Modelling the Buddha Statues 佛像造型技法

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2009.0.22977

C. Blaensdorf, Edmund Melzl

引用次数: 4

Das Museum der Terrakottaarmee. Zur Präsentation des „Achten Weltwunders" 兵马俑博物馆展示“第八世界奇迹”

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2001.0.22049

Yongqian Wu

引用次数: 0

The Five Colours in Polychrome Silks with Cloud Pattern from Han Dynasty to Wei Period 汉魏云纹彩丝中的五色

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/MONSTITES.2001.0.22348

Feng Zhao

引用次数: 0

Chemical and Physical Investigations of Egyptian and Chinese Blue and Purple 埃及和中国蓝色和紫色的化学和物理研究

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/MONSTITES.2001.0.22351

H. Wiedemann, H. Berke

{"title":"Chemical and Physical Investigations of Egyptian and Chinese Blue and Purple","authors":"H. Wiedemann, H. Berke","doi":"10.11588/MONSTITES.2001.0.22351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/MONSTITES.2001.0.22351","url":null,"abstract":"The production of Egyptian Blue can be traced back from earlier than 3000 B. C. up until approximately 300 A. D. One of the earliest documentation of Egyptian Blue is found on the Tablets of an olive oil container, which certifies the quality of the oil blessed by the Godcss Iset (prc-dynastic). Another proof for the early use of Egyptian Blue is the Mastaba of the vesir of Mcrcruka (2300 B. C , Saqquara). This and other samples are shown in Table 1 and represent a selection of identified Egyptian Blue up to the Greek-Roman period. A contemporary artist, E. Arpagaus, has studied mineral colours and pigments of Egypt and surrounding areas (Arpagaus, 1996) showing the variety of different colours, which were prevalent in nature. The presented blue pigment has however been artificially produced in the manner of the Egyptians. In ancient times continents and countries were connected by famous trade routes; the link between the Western World and ancient China was established via the Silk Road. Aside from its economic function this adventurous and risky route played an outstanding role in the distribution and exchange of ideas and technologies between East and West. The relatively constant composition of Egyptian Blue over the period of the Old Kingdom up to the Ptolemaic and Greek-Roman time (Table 2) indicates that the information about the production of coloured pigments never got lost. For blue pigments this is attributed to the fact that they had a prominent role in religious rites and everyday life. States adjoining the Silk Road were challenged by the tradition of blue production and its use in manufactured Egyptian goods to either obtain it by trade or to produce it themselves. This background was apparently a major driving force for the expansion of artificial blue and even other pigments. The change in location and the need for further improvements of artificial pigments induced new technological developments, which generated similar advanced materials such as strontium and barium copper silicates as in the Iraqi and Iranian samples of Brick Nimrud (British Museum London) the Sistrum Hasanlu and the Goblet Hasanlu. Iran (both Metropolitan Museum New York) and barium in Chinese artefacts represented by the blue and purple octahedral sticks and samples of the Terracotta Army, all compiled in Table 1. The Chinese samples are attributed to the Warring States, Quin and Han period 600 B. C. till approximately 200 A. D.. As we will see in the later context they contain man-made blue and purple pigments called Chinese Blue and Purple, sometimes also denoted as Han Blue and Purple (Fitzhugh. 1992). They were used in colouring applications and they refer to destine!, but very related chemical compounds. Only Egyptian and Chinese Blue are found as minerals in nature (Cuprorivaite. F.ffenbcrgerite (Gicster, 1994)). They are, however, so rare that any utilization of these minerals by ancient civilizations can be excluded. It should be mentioned at this po","PeriodicalId":268714,"journal":{"name":"Monuments and Sites","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123185116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Mineralogical Investigations on Loam Plaster Fragments of the Destroyed Buddha Statues at Bāmiyān, Afghanistan 阿富汗Bāmiyān被毁佛像灰泥碎片的矿物学研究

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/monstites.2009.0.22980

H. Gilg, C. Blaensdorf, Eva Höfle, Laura Thiemann

引用次数: 0

Mission to Bamiyan, October to December 2003 访问巴米扬，2003年10月至12月

Monuments and Sites Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.11588/MONSTITES.2009.0.22944

Pierre Smars, Ulrich J. Dahlhaus

引用次数: 0