Annals of Biomedical Sciences最新文献

Prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance abuse among students at the University of Benin 贝宁大学学生滥用精神活性药物的流行程度和模式

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.4314/abs.v18i2

P. Egbor, B. Edetanlen, ON Obuekwe, O. Akpata

{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance abuse among students at the University of Benin","authors":"P. Egbor, B. Edetanlen, ON Obuekwe, O. Akpata","doi":"10.4314/abs.v18i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/abs.v18i2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Substance abuse has become a disturbing phenomenon the world over; in Nigeria, it is increasingly becoming one of the most complicated social problems among university students. Understanding the pattern of abuse and the characteristics of those who abuse substances could help deal with this problem more effectively. Aims : The aims of this study were to 1) determine the prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance abuse among students of the university and 2) determine the socio-demographic factors that are associated with abuse. Methods : The study was descriptive, cross sectional in design. Two hundred and six students of the University who were randomly selected completed the adapted 20-item Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20), and socio-demographic questionnaires. Data were analyzed using version 16 of SPSS and the level of significance was set at 5% (P< 0.05). Results : Alcohol, cigarette, Benyline with codeine cough syrup, cocaine, cannabis and TCP were the psychoactive substances used by the students of the University. One hundred and twenty eight (62.1%) and 18 (8.7%) of the respondents used and abused one substance or the other respectively. The three most commonly abused substances among the students were alcohol (3.9%), cigarette (2.4%) and benylin with codeine cough syrup (1.0%). The use of substances had significant relationship with abuse (P< 0.001). Higher proportions of males than females (P=0.021), Christians than non-Christians (P=0.002) abused substances. Conclusion : The prevalence of substance abuse in the studied population is significant. It is worthy to note that even minor disinfectants like TCP and a cough syrup have also acquired an abuse profile. In addition to extant measures, religion could be a useful tool of prevention and the male students should be the focus of greater attention. We advocate increased enlightenment on the dangers of psychoactive substances among students. Keywords : Prevalence, abuse, psychoactive substances, students, Benin","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Postmenopausal motherhood and IVF: the ethical challenge 绝经后母亲和体外受精:伦理挑战

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.4314/abs.v17i2

K. Osazee, E. Omozuwa

引用次数: 2

Psidium guajava leaves elicit mild protection on the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to ciprofloxacin 番石榴叶对暴露于环丙沙星的大鼠的肝脏和肾脏有轻微的保护作用

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V17I1

S. Innih, Sylvia O Omage

{"title":"Psidium guajava leaves elicit mild protection on the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to ciprofloxacin","authors":"S. Innih, Sylvia O Omage","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V17I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V17I1","url":null,"abstract":"Ciprofloxacin is a well-known antibiotic used for treating a broad spectrum of diseases of bacterial origin. Although it is well tolerated, results from some studies point to the fact that ciprofloxacin has the potential to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Psidium guajava is consumed all over the world. In Nigeria, its leaves are employed as medicine for the treatment of several diseases including malaria, fever and nausea. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of P. guajava leaves on the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to ciprofloxacin. Twenty five male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomized into five groups of five rats each. Group A was control. Groups B-E were administered ciprofloxacin, but groups C-E were administered the aqueous extract of P.guajava leaves in addition and in increasing doses respectively. Our findings showed that ciprofloxacin distorted the levels of liver marker enzymes as well as metabolites that show renal function even though the protein profile of the serum was not altered significantly. Also, the aqueous extract of P. guajava restored the levels of these metabolites to normal. From these results, it can be concluded that P. guajava leaves offered some level of protection to the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to ciprofloxacin.Keywords: Psidium guajava, ciprofloxacin, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120947989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Chronic kidney disease: sonographic/clinical findings at the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital 慢性肾脏疾病:贝宁大学教学医院的超声/临床表现

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2017-04-06 DOI: 10.4314/abs.v16i1

B. Igbinedion, E. Okaka

{"title":"Chronic kidney disease: sonographic/clinical findings at the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital","authors":"B. Igbinedion, E. Okaka","doi":"10.4314/abs.v16i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/abs.v16i1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Kidney disease arises from various causes which can lead to death, especially if it progresses to chronic renal disease. Some of these patients can be managed by the use of conservative management, drugs, dialysis or renal transplantation depending on several factors. Amongst several investigative methods (clinical, laboratory and radiological), ultrasound plays an important role. The dimensions of the kidneys, its sonographic appearances and Doppler characteristics are useful in assessing the kidneys. Consequently correlating sonographic and clinical findings in CKD patients may yield useful information.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional descriptive type that involves 35 CKD patients. These patients were being managed for CKD and were referred for renal scan as part of their management. Theirserum creatinine values were used to categorize them into CKD stages using the MDRD formula for eGFR estimation. The sonographic findings were then correlated with the CKD stages. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.Results: The mean age of the participant was 41.8 years with the age ranging from 20 to 72 years. The mean serum creatinine value was creatinine 4.0±1.8mg/dL. Participants with severe CKD stage had the highest proportion of renomegaly with 69.2% on the right and 75% on the left. However, 100% of shrunken kidneys were seen in the severe and very severe stages only in both kidneys. There were 88.9% of patients in the severe CKD stage with increased renal cortical echogenicity (grade III).Conclusion: Renal sonographic findings in CKD may be used to determine the progress of the disease, although normal sonographic findings may be seen in cases of very severe CKD stage.Keywords: CKD, CKD staging, renomegaly, renal echogenicity, renal dimensions, renal volume, proteinuria","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pattern of ascitic fluid cytology in a tertiary centre: a 5 year review 三级中心腹水细胞学模式:5年回顾

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2016-09-14 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V15I2

M. Udoh, E. Ugiagbe

{"title":"Pattern of ascitic fluid cytology in a tertiary centre: a 5 year review","authors":"M. Udoh, E. Ugiagbe","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V15I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V15I2","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and objectives: To further establish ascitic fluid cytology (AFC), as an important rapid diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of ascitisin University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), and to demonstrate an improvement in technical skills, as demand for use of this method increases. Materials and methods: Samples of ascitic fluid submitted to the Department of Pathology, UBTH, from 2010 -2014 were centrifuged.Thecellular deposits were smeared on glass slides and stained with Haematoxylin andEosin; Papanicolaou and Rapid Romanowsky Stains. All slides were examined and reported by pathologists. Results: A total of 277 ascitic fluid specimens were examined during the 5-year period under review. Ninety-one samples (32.9%), were from males, and 186 (67.1%) from females, with a male to female ratio of 1:2. The age range of patients was 2 years to 86 years with a mean age of 46.12±18.56 years. Seventy-five (27.1%) smears contained malignant cells; 34 (12.3%) were suspicious for malignancy, 92(33.2%) were negative for malignant cells and 76 (27.4%) of aspirates were categorized as unsatisfactory Conclusion: Ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) is a useful, rapid, diagnostic tool. The technical skills tend to improve and errors tend to diminish as the method is increasingly utilized","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Birth preparedness and complication readiness: knowledge and practices among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State 分娩准备和并发症准备:江户州贝宁市孕妇的知识和实践

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2016-04-07 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V15I1

A. Obi, H. O. Okojie

{"title":"Birth preparedness and complication readiness: knowledge and practices among pregnant women in Benin City, Edo State","authors":"A. Obi, H. O. Okojie","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V15I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V15I1","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria accounts for nearly 10% of global estimates of maternal mortalities. Antenatal registration and health facility deliveries remain very challenging in Nigeria. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) practices among pregnant women in Benin City, for improved antenatal care (ANC) registration and skilled attendance at birth. Materials and Methods: A community based analytical cross sectional study design was utilized in this study, involving researcher distribution of pretested semi structured questionnaires to 252 consenting pregnant women in Benin City.. Results: The mean age of women studied was 28.9 ± 4.9 years, 197(78.2%) of them were aware of the term “birth preparedness”, with 172 (89.1%) reporting health care providers as their main source of information. Majority 243(96.4%) of respondents had good knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) while 9(3.6%) had fair knowledge. In relation to practice of BPACR, 238(94.4%) had registered for ANC, 234(98.3%) had identified a health facility, 233(92.5%) identified a skilled birth provider, 165(65.5%) made transportation plans, 74(29.4%) had savings as emergency funds while only 21(8.3%) had identified potential blood donor. ANC registration (OR=0.30; 95%CI= 0.09-0.98; p=0.040) and Identifying skilled birth provider (OR=0.18; 95%CI= 0.06-0.49; p< 0.001) among respondents were significant predictors identified as influencing health facility deliveries. Conclusion: This study identified good knowledge and practice of BPACR among pregnant women studied in Benin City, with ANC registration and identifying skilled birth providers significantly influencing health facility deliveries. There is need to strengthen Antenatal Care (ANC) registration practices and identifying skilled birth providers among pregnant women in study area and by extension Nigeria for improved health facility delivery. Keywords: Assessment, Benin City, Birth preparedness and complication readiness, Knowledge, practices, pregnant women","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124655939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A study of rape cases in Benin City, Nigeria. 尼日利亚贝宁市强奸案研究。

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2015-03-03 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V14I1

O. Uchendu, AP Uchendu

引用次数: 1

Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Acceptability of HPV Vaccination among New Intake Nursing Students in Benin City, Nigeria 尼日利亚贝宁市新入学护理学生对人乳头瘤病毒感染的了解和HPV疫苗接种的可接受性

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2014-07-22 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V13I2

V. Y. Adam, S. H. Ibadin

{"title":"Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Acceptability of HPV Vaccination among New Intake Nursing Students in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"V. Y. Adam, S. H. Ibadin","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V13I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V13I2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and has been implicated in over 70% of cases of cervical cancer. This study assessed the knowledge of HPV infection and acceptability of HPV vaccination among nursing students in Benin City. Methodology : A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 2013 among 165 respondents that made up the total population of first year nursing students in the three nursing schools in Benin City, Nigeria. Structured self-administered questionnaire was the tool for data collection. The data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Scientific Solution, Version 20.0. Results : Respondents were aged between 17–30 years with a mean age of 28.9+8.3 years. About two-third 113 (68.5%) of participants were aware of HPV infection. Among the 113 respondents, 57 (50.4%) and 48 (42.5%) identified HPV infection as the cause of cervical cancer and genital warts respectively. Among all 165 respondents, 104 (63.0%) were aware of HPV vaccination of which 69 (66.4%) and 37 (35.6%) knew it could be used in the prevention of cervical cancer and that it is recommended for use between the ages of 9 and 26 years. Half the respondents 52 (50%) were interested in receiving the vaccine, while 29 (27.9%) had no desire to be vaccinated. Only 1 (0.9%) had received the vaccine. Conclusion : Nursing students in Benin City had poor knowledge of Human papillomavirus infection and acceptability of HPV vaccination was low. There is need to educate nursing students appropriately on the primary prevention of cervical cancer with the use of HPV vaccines Keywords : Knowledge HPV infection, Vaccine acceptability, Nursing students.","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Prevalence of Rotavirus in Acute Diarrhoea among Children Under-Five Years, in Benin City, Nigeria 尼日利亚贝宁市5岁以下儿童急性腹泻中轮状病毒流行情况

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2014-03-07 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V13I1

B. Adejumo, AA Oke, MA Emokpae, AA Oyeleke, T. Erhabor, MI Agba, A. Oni

{"title":"Prevalence of Rotavirus in Acute Diarrhoea among Children Under-Five Years, in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"B. Adejumo, AA Oke, MA Emokpae, AA Oyeleke, T. Erhabor, MI Agba, A. Oni","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V13I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V13I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major causes of child morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries and has been reported as the cause of endemic viral diarrhoea in Nigeria. Aim : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus as a cause of endemic viral diarrhoea among under-five children in Benin City Nigeria. Study Design : A total of four hundred and seventy (470) children below five years with diarrhoea within the preceding two weeks and who had no underlying disease as cause of diarrhoea were recruited in a study that lasted one year. Methodology : Stools were collected for rotavirus antigen studies using ELISA and further analyzed with RT-PCR for electrophoretypes. Results: Sixty-five (13.8%) of the stools tested positive for rotavirus antigen using ELISA. While ninety (19.2%) stools were analysed using electrophoresis. RT-PCR electrophoresis using VP7 primers showed G1 = 49/90 (54.4%), G2 = 26/90 (28.9%), G3 = 19/90 (21.1%), G4 = 34/90 (37.8%) and G9 = 8/90 (8.9%) as the prevalent genotypes. Conclusion : It is concluded that rotavirus still remains an important cause of diarrhoea in under five children in Benin City. Although this study suggests a decline when compared with previous studies in this center, variations are well reported in incidence of rotaviruses both seasonally and periodically even in the same geographical area. However, it is recommended that rotavirus vaccine be introduced as a means of protecting children from rotavirus infection. In developing a vaccine, strains peculiar to this environment should be considered. Facilities such as PCR electrophoresis which are more sensitive could be more useful, where affordable, in detecting rotavirus in stools than ELISA in prevalence studies while however taking the cost into consideration. Key Words : Prevalence; Rotavirus; Under-five; Diarrhoea; Benin City.","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116403232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female medical students of the University of Benin, Benin City Nigeria 尼日利亚贝宁市贝宁大学女医科学生宫颈癌筛查的知识和实践

Annals of Biomedical Sciences Pub Date : 2013-04-21 DOI: 10.4314/ABS.V12I1

A. Isara, NS Awunor, LM Erameh, ES Enuanwa, I. Enofe

{"title":"Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female medical students of the University of Benin, Benin City Nigeria","authors":"A. Isara, NS Awunor, LM Erameh, ES Enuanwa, I. Enofe","doi":"10.4314/ABS.V12I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ABS.V12I1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide. It is a preventable disease but still remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries like Nigeria despite the availability of preventive and curative protocols. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female medical students. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among female medical students at the University of Benin. The respondents were selected using the stratified sampling technique. The tool for data collection was a structured, self administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Result: A total of 230 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 20 ± 1.4 years. A greater proportion (63.0%) had good knowledge of cervical cancer. Their major source of information was from medical personnel. Sixty two percent were aware of the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. However, majority of the respondent had poor practice of the screening programmes. Although, 70.0% have heard of Pap smear only 28.5% knew of its use while only 9.0% had done a Pap smear in the past. Conclusion: This study showed that the practice of cervical cancer screening among female medical students was poor. There is a need for intensive enlightenment programme to educate the medical students on the importance of screening in the prevention of cervical cancers, so that they can be agents of change to the larger community. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Screening, Female Medical Students, University of Benin","PeriodicalId":268599,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114326622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8