SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Dark Past, Grey Present or Bright Future? – Foreign Investors’ Access to China's Telecommunications Industry and a Political Economy Analysis of Recent Industrial Policy Moves","authors":"Shen Wei","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2332873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2332873","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the global economic downturn, Eurozone crisis and Libya war in 2011, Alibaba, Yahoo and Softbank’s dispute over Alipay brought China’s telecoms industry and, more importantly, foreign investment policies into the global spotlight. This article considers Chinese legislative framework regulating foreign investment in China’s telecoms industry, and more importantly, two transactional models, that is, the CCF and VIE structures, foreign investors have adopted in the past three decades to access China’s restricted telecoms industry. This article attempts to unveil the underlying reasons foreign investors creating and utilizing these transactional models and, more importantly, China’s recent regulatory instruments Chinese authorities have taken in tackling the VIE structure in telecoms industry. From a political economy lens, this article offers a possible rationale underpinning such movements in light of China’s policy direction.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121415963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Flexibility and Stringency for Greenhouse Gas Regulations","authors":"D. Burtraw, M. Woerman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2298050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2298050","url":null,"abstract":"The Clean Air Act provides the primary regulatory framework for climate policy in the United States. Tradable performance standards (averaging) emerge as the likely tool to achieve flexibility in the regulation of existing stationary sources. This paper examines the relationship between flexibility and stringency. The metric to compare the stringency of policies is ambiguous. The relevant section of the act is traditionally technology based, suggesting an emissions rate focus. However, a specific emissions rate improvement averaged over a larger set of generators reduces the actual emissions change. A marginal abatement cost criterion to compare policy designs suggests cost-effectiveness across sources. This criterion can quadruple the emissions reductions that are achieved, with net social benefits exceeding $25 billion in 2020, with a 1.3 percent electricity price increase. Under the act, multiple stringency criteria are relevant. EPA should evaluate state implementation plans according to a portfolio of attributes, including effectiveness and cost.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129272944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Effects of Carbon Taxes, Taking into Account Possible Other Future Climate Measures","authors":"Florian Habermacher, G. Kirchgässner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1802504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1802504","url":null,"abstract":"The increase of fuel extraction costs as well as of temperature will make it likely that in the medium-term future technological or political measures against global warming may be implemented. In assessments of a current climate policy the possibility of medium-term future developments like backstop technologies is largely neglected but can crucially affect its impact. Given such a future measure, a currently introduced carbon tax may more generally mitigate climate change than recent reflections along the line of the Green Paradox would suggest. Notably, the weak and the strong version of the Green Paradox, related to current and longer-term emissions, may not materialize. Moreover, the tax may allow the demanding countries to extract part of the resource rent, further increasing its desirability.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Auctions for Pollution Rights as Indirect Incentives for Investments in Green Technologies","authors":"Mehdi Fadaee, L. Lambertini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1780991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1780991","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired wisdom has it that the allocation of pollution rights to firms hinders their willingness to undertake uncertain R&D projects for environmental-friendly technologies. We revisit this issue in a model where firms strategically choose whether to participate in an auction to attain pollution permits, or instead invest in green R&D, to show that, somewhat counterintuitively, a side effect of the auction is in fact that of fostering environmental R&D in an admissible range of the model parameters.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131311316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of CCS Technology – Will it Send Renewable Energy Technologies Back to the Dark Ages?","authors":"P. Chatterjee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1915886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1915886","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2007, the National Petroleum Council in the United States released a report of the global oil and gas situation out to 2030 entitled ‘The Hard Truths: Facing the Hard Truths about Energy’. One of the conclusions was that the world is not running out of energy resources immediately but there are “accumulating risks to continuing expansion of oil and natural gas production from the conventional sources relied upon historically”. As pressure mounts to limit greenhouse gas emissions and diversify the energy mix, expansion of all economic energy sources will be required such as coal, nuclear, biomass, other renewables, and unconventional oil and natural gas. So how do we stop the planet from burning? We can either switch over completely to clean energy technology and rid ourselves of the problem of carbon emissions; or strip the atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been hailed as a promising reduction option with potentially important environmental, economic and energy supply security benefits. But can the CCS technology be hailed as the silver bullet? This paper aims to dissect the CCS Technology and its implications on the development of renewable technology. The author will take a brief look at the background of CCS within the risk frame of climate change. Subsequently, the author will do a comparative analysis between CCS and Renewable Energy Technologies on the basis of the ecological and economic criterions. Lastly, the author will examine the significance of CCS for the national energy sector and whether it can serve as a bridge to a complete reliance on renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126020105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Path Dependency: The Divergence of German and U.S. Renewable Energy Policy","authors":"C. Stefes, F. Laird","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1667615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1667615","url":null,"abstract":"Germany and the United States followed similar renewable energy policy paths after the energy crisis of the 1970s. Starting around 1990 Germany moved onto a different path, promoting renewable energy with aggressive and consistent policies and, despite its weak renewable resources, became a leading country in terms of both renewable energy installations and manufacturing. At about the same time United States policy makers began debating greater support for renewable energy but never got onto a new policy path, providing instead weaker and volatile policy supports for the technologies. We utilize a historical institutionalist account to explain these divergent outcomes and, in the process, explore how well different theories of policy change work as explanatory frameworks. The cases reveal some unexpected outcomes, as the conventional institutionalist account of German policy making argues that Germany tends to avoid innovative policies for fear of upsetting carefully crafted social bargains. Yet, in our case, Germany not only strengthened its support for renewable energy but did so by adopting an innovative policy instrument, the feed-in tariff, a policy now popular almost everywhere except in the United States. The United States, in contrast, seemed both technologically and institutionally poised to become a leading renewable energy country but failed to do so, in part because of the interaction of institutional structures of policy making and deep-seated conflicts over the social nature of energy systems. Understanding these barriers to policy innovation is important at a time when the United States seems, again, to be on the brink of enacting policies that will substantially remake the energy system.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124242184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Carbon Leakage with Consumption-Based Emission Policies?","authors":"L. Myllyvirta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1600590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1600590","url":null,"abstract":"Steep and rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are required from the industrialized countries. An important policy concern is that these emission reductions could lead to increases in emissions elsewhere. This leakage effect can be avoided by suitable choice of policies.I study the greenhouse gas abatement policy of a large coalition of countries that faces competition from countries with laxer emission policies, comparing the changes in emissions from the rest of the world and in competitiveness of dirty industries caused by different policy options. My analysis is based on a two-region, two-good model of endogenous growth with directed technical change.I compare two approaches to allocation of emissions associated with the supply of internationally traded goods and services: production-based and consumption-based accounting. When technical change and complementary policies are omitted, emission constraints based on either approach cause emissions in the rest of the world to increase, although through different mechanisms. However, an emission constraint creates incentives for energy-saving innovation and countries' emission policies can include various complementary measures in addition to the emission constraint. These factors can cause also the rest of the world to reduce emissions. Models that omit these factors yield too low recommendations on emission reduction targets.In order to maximize global emission reductions achieved with unilateral policy, production-based emission constraints should be applied on sectors where there are good possibilities to substitute other inputs for fossil energy, and there are decreasing returns to scale in carbon intensive activities. Consumption-based emission constraints achieve larger global emission reductions in sectors in which fossil energy and other inputs are strongly complementary and returns to scale on the regional level are not strongly decreasing.Complementary policies, such as subsidies to energy efficiency investments, subsidies to R&D of energy-saving technologies, transfer of technology to developing countries and relaxing the protection of intellectual property rights, can reduce or reverse carbon leakage. Each of these policies only reduces global emissions under specific conditions. Choosing suitable policies and differentiating between economic sectors is of great importance.If border measures are applied on imported carbon-intensive goods, it is important to account for the relative carbon intensity of individual producers. A regular border tax levied per tonne of product does not encourage producers in the rest of the world to clean up their production.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Solaria Syndrome: Social Capital in a Growing Hyper-Technological Economy","authors":"A. Antoci, F. Sabatini, M. Sodini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1669985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1669985","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a dynamic model to analyze the sources and the evolution of social participation and social capital in a growing economy characterized by exogenous technical progress. Starting from the assumption that the well-being of agents basically depends on material and relational goods, we show that the best-case scenarios hold when technology and social capital both support just one of the two productions at the expenses of the other. However, trajectories are possible where technology and social interaction balance one another in fostering the growth of both the social and the private sector of the economy. Along such tracks, technology may play a crucial role in supporting a “socially sustainable” economic growth.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Ambulatory E-prescribing Adoption Challenges: Governments Shaping Innovation on Behalf of Individual Stakeholders","authors":"N. King","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1334653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1334653","url":null,"abstract":"Ambulatory e-prescribing, at first glance, appears to be a straightforward automation effort that electronically connects an e-prescriber to an electronic network so an e-script can be sent to a pharmacist. The reality is much more complex. The successful implementation of e-prescribing requires stakeholder groups with both a direct and indirect involvement in the technology to cooperate together. By analyzing stakeholders, what becomes evident is that a single individual may actually belong to multiple stakeholder groups. This report brings up adoption issues that have not been emphasized or raised previously. These include the shift in tasks and responsibilities that result from the e-prescribing workflow. Recommendations are targeted to activities that government leaders can fund (e.g., research) or encourage stakeholders to consider. These recommendations show that e-prescribing is more than an automation project. The potential exists to bring diverse stakeholders together to work on collaborative solutions. Yet this stakeholder diversity also stymies the adoption necessary to bring these solutions to fruition.This working paper is a manuscript prepared for the IBM Center for the Business of Government.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115340693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Real-Options Approach to Model Technology Adoption Under Carbon Price Uncertainty: An Application to the Australian Electricity Generation Sector","authors":"L. Reedman, P. Graham, P. Coombes","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4932.2006.00333.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2006.00333.x","url":null,"abstract":"The present climate for investment in electricity generation assets in Australia is uncertain. We develop a real-options model to contrast the timing of the uptake of various electricity generation technologies under two carbon tax simulations: when a carbon tax of known size commences at a certain date in the future; and a carbon tax of known size commences at an uncertain date in the future. We find that uptake in the future varies significantly depending upon an investor's view of uncertainty and whether the technology is primarily designed to be viable in a market with or without carbon taxes.","PeriodicalId":268570,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Sustainable Technology (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128960641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}