PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers最新文献

{"title":"Tribological properties of ureidosilane treated natural fiber reinforced plant-derived polyamide 1010 biomass composites","authors":"Y. Nishitani, N. Sugawara, K. Kawasaki, T. Kajiyama","doi":"10.1063/1.5121683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121683","url":null,"abstract":"To develop new polymeric tribomaterials for mechanical sliding parts such as bearing, cum, gear, and seal, this study aimed to experimentally investigate the tribological properties of various natural fiber (NF) reinforced plant-derived polyamide 1010 (PA1010) biomass composites with surface treatment using the ureidosilane coupling agent. Four types of NF, namely hemp fiber (HF), jute fiber (JF), ramie fiber (RF) and sisal fiber (SF) were used as the reinforcement fibers. Various NFs were surface-treated by two types of surface treatment: (a) alkali treatment by sodium chloride (NaClO2) solution and (b) surface treatment by ureidosilane coupling agents (A-1160). These NF/PA1010 biomass composites were extruded using a twin extruder, and injection-molded. Tribological properties such as frictional coefficient, specific wear rate and limiting pv value by ring-on-plate type sliding wear testing were evaluated. It was found that the frictional coefficient and the specific wear rate improved when filled with ...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"109 9-10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132828852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct flow visualization of hesitation during injection molding of thermoplastic polymers","authors":"F. Regi, G. Tosello","doi":"10.1063/1.5121654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121654","url":null,"abstract":"A special mold provided with a glass window has been used in order to directly evaluate the flow progression during the filling phase of the injection molding process. The flow of the polymer was recorded at 500 frames per second using a high-speed camera. Two unfilled thermoplastic polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polypropylene (PP), were used to fill a 50 mm x 18 mm staircase geometry cavity, which was specifically designed to evaluate the hesitation effects. Complete and incomplete (short shot) filling of the cavity were performed with two different velocities and with two dimensionally different but geometrically identical cavities. Two different methods for the reproduction of the short shots were used. In the first, the maximum applied pressure was limited and progressively raised (MP Method), in the second the desired positions were obtained with a consecutive increase of the stroke length (standard SS method). The analysis of the video recordings highlighted that flow progression and hesitation were mainly influenced not only by the geometry, but also by the velocity and the material.A special mold provided with a glass window has been used in order to directly evaluate the flow progression during the filling phase of the injection molding process. The flow of the polymer was recorded at 500 frames per second using a high-speed camera. Two unfilled thermoplastic polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polypropylene (PP), were used to fill a 50 mm x 18 mm staircase geometry cavity, which was specifically designed to evaluate the hesitation effects. Complete and incomplete (short shot) filling of the cavity were performed with two different velocities and with two dimensionally different but geometrically identical cavities. Two different methods for the reproduction of the short shots were used. In the first, the maximum applied pressure was limited and progressively raised (MP Method), in the second the desired positions were obtained with a consecutive increase of the stroke length (standard SS method). The analysis of the video recordings highlighted that flow progressio...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114997958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined learning processes for injection moulding based on simulation and experimental data","authors":"C. Hopmann, S. Jeschke, Tobias Meisen, T. Thiele, Hasan Tercan, M. Liebenberg, J. Heinisch, M. Theunissen","doi":"10.1063/1.5121656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121656","url":null,"abstract":"Injection moulding enables the production of complex formed high-quality plastics parts in a single production step. To achieve a high and constant product quality, an appropriate process set-up with regards to product quality and process robustness is essential. A conventional process set-up requires expensive and time consuming experiments and know-how from the machine operator. One way to overcome this challenge is to make use of machine learning methods for process set-up. These methods can model the relationship between setting parameters and quality values and thus enable the identification of optimal working points. However, the training required for accurate modelling needs experimental data from extensive experiments for each process, too. Numerical simulation can predict quality values based on setting parameters without practical experiments. Whereas trends and the general dependencies between the parameters can be predicted with a satisfying accuracy, a certain discrepancy between the prediction of the simulation and the real process cannot be excluded. A combined approach using data from injection moulding simulations as well as experimental data appears promising to overcome the detriments of the solitary use of simulation for the training of machine learning algorithms. General dependencies could be gained from simulations without practical experiments and fine-tuning could be achieved by experimental trials with a minimal scope.In this paper, data obtained from a 2.5 D injection moulding simulation is compared with experimental data from a plate specimen and a complex formed injection moulded part. Therefore, central composed designs of experiments are used to identify differences in the effects and interdependencies of six setting parameters on quality values like part weight and dimensions. Furthermore, differences in the absolute values and the functionality of the effects are considered. On this basis, a combined machine learning concept using simulation and experimental data is presented.","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128130078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigid PUR foam impact absorption material obtained from sustainable resources","authors":"M. Kirpluks, Elena Cischino, U. Cabulis, J. Andersons","doi":"10.1063/1.5121686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121686","url":null,"abstract":"Polyols from different sustainable resources have been widely studied as one of the raw materials for polyurethane (PUR) material production in recent years. The renewable materials have been prove...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the barrel temperature profile on the process behavior of single screw extruders and strategies to determine the optimal temperature control","authors":"V. Schöppner, V. Resonnek","doi":"10.1063/1.5121650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121650","url":null,"abstract":"At present, polymer extrusion is one of the most important manufacturing processes due to the increasing demand of polymer products. In order to reach the desired amounts of polymer, the melt quality of the polymer plays a crucial role. The melt quality is not solely dependent on the chemical composition of the base polymer but also on the condition of preparing and processing the polymer. Indeed, the resulting melt quality is highly dependent on the parameter settings of the extruder.Since polymer materials have a temperature-dependent behavior, the temperature progress over time is one significant aspect. Hence, the thermal stress of the polymer particles during the extrusion process is essential to preserve a good melt quality. In the wake of this, the determination of a decent barrel temperature along the extruder is one of the primary challenges in the field of extrusion. Besides, generating a thermal homogeneous polymer melt, a progression of the throughput, consequently an increase of the economic efficiency, is possible. In return, an inauspicious barrel temperature can lead to a deterioration of the material properties and in this manner, it will lead to a decrease in the economic efficiency. In addition to that, the thermal radial melting profile and the pressure fluctuations of the melt during the process is significantly influenced by the barrel temperature. Furthermore, with respect to high pressure fluctuations, an inopportune barrel temperature setting can lead to a substantially higher wear of the screw and the barrel.In this article the effect of different barrel temperature profiles on the process behavior is in the focus. Firstly, different criteria for defining or respectively measuring the melt quality are considered. After that, two different strategies to determine a convenient barrel temperature setting are taken into account. The collected target figures are utilized to find correlations between the barrel temperature setting of each barrel zone and the polymer melt quality.At present, polymer extrusion is one of the most important manufacturing processes due to the increasing demand of polymer products. In order to reach the desired amounts of polymer, the melt quality of the polymer plays a crucial role. The melt quality is not solely dependent on the chemical composition of the base polymer but also on the condition of preparing and processing the polymer. Indeed, the resulting melt quality is highly dependent on the parameter settings of the extruder.Since polymer materials have a temperature-dependent behavior, the temperature progress over time is one significant aspect. Hence, the thermal stress of the polymer particles during the extrusion process is essential to preserve a good melt quality. In the wake of this, the determination of a decent barrel temperature along the extruder is one of the primary challenges in the field of extrusion. Besides, generating a thermal homogeneous polymer melt, a progression of the","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133321740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulative evaluation of the optimization potential of additively manufactured static mixing elements for extrusion","authors":"C. Hopmann, A. Böttcher, K. Fischer, Markus Hildebrandt, Max Ophuels, G. Lucchetta, Ruggero Guisti","doi":"10.1063/1.5121651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121651","url":null,"abstract":"In plastics extrusion, the homogeneity of the melt is an essential pre-requisite for uniform product quality. Static mixing elements for the extrusion of plastics serve to homogenize the melt by splitting and recombining the flow of polymer melt, thus removing e.g. hot streaks in the melt. However, the geometric complexity of static mixers, which typically consist of crossed bars of metal joined together, makes both the design and the manufacture of specialized mixer geometries difficult. Against this background, both simulation of melt flow in static mixers and additive manufacturing of static mixers by means of Selective Laser Melting are investigated. In order to accurately model the flow through the multitude of small gaps between the bars, the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM is employed. While OpenFOAM already supports very high resolution meshes and parallel computing, the interaction between melt temperature and melt viscosity and the effect of viscous heating are added to the simulation model. By means of the new simulation model, thermal mixing occurring during flow of a highly viscous HPDE through a reference static mixer is evaluated numerically. Selective Laser Melting not only allows an economic production of small and very small lots, but also offers design freedoms that have not been available before. This allows the production of static mixer geometries that cannot be manufactured with conventional processes. A framework for the exploitation of this advantage is shown. As an example, the potential thermal benefits of tempering channels located within each bar of the static mixer are explored.In plastics extrusion, the homogeneity of the melt is an essential pre-requisite for uniform product quality. Static mixing elements for the extrusion of plastics serve to homogenize the melt by splitting and recombining the flow of polymer melt, thus removing e.g. hot streaks in the melt. However, the geometric complexity of static mixers, which typically consist of crossed bars of metal joined together, makes both the design and the manufacture of specialized mixer geometries difficult. Against this background, both simulation of melt flow in static mixers and additive manufacturing of static mixers by means of Selective Laser Melting are investigated. In order to accurately model the flow through the multitude of small gaps between the bars, the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM is employed. While OpenFOAM already supports very high resolution meshes and parallel computing, the interaction between melt temperature and melt viscosity and the effect of viscous heating are added to the simulation model. B...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122338317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface: The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society","authors":"ManeroOctavio, CalderasFausto","doi":"10.1063/1.5121647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122138335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new scale-up/scale-down method for the blown film extrusion","authors":"B. Neubert, C. Dohm, J. Wortberg","doi":"10.1063/1.5121659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121659","url":null,"abstract":"The development of innovative film products is a two-step process: New composite films or material recipes are first experimentally tested on a laboratory-scale blown film line, and then the results regarding process conditions and final film properties are transferred to a large-scale production plant. This procedure is generally known as scale-up. However, the transferability of results is not always ensured because of processing- and plant-specific restrictions. Thus, this paper presents a process-oriented scale-up / scale-down strategy (POSS), that should provide higher flexibility in practical use compared to existing scale-up strategies. To prove the feasibility of the process-oriented strategy, a series of experimental runs was carried out. An industrial production process on a high-capacity blown film line (> 750 kg/h) was selected as the starting point for a scale-down to a small-scale laboratory plant (scale-down factor of ten). Finally, mechanical properties of the film samples taken from the production process and the laboratory runs were measured and compared. The comparison showed that films with similar properties could be produced under process-oriented scale-down conditions.The development of innovative film products is a two-step process: New composite films or material recipes are first experimentally tested on a laboratory-scale blown film line, and then the results regarding process conditions and final film properties are transferred to a large-scale production plant. This procedure is generally known as scale-up. However, the transferability of results is not always ensured because of processing- and plant-specific restrictions. Thus, this paper presents a process-oriented scale-up / scale-down strategy (POSS), that should provide higher flexibility in practical use compared to existing scale-up strategies. To prove the feasibility of the process-oriented strategy, a series of experimental runs was carried out. An industrial production process on a high-capacity blown film line (> 750 kg/h) was selected as the starting point for a scale-down to a small-scale laboratory plant (scale-down factor of ten). Finally, mechanical properties of the film samples taken from the p...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128883905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the flow and rheological behavior of two semi-structural sheet-molding-compound (SMC) based on a hybrid resin and glass or carbon fibers","authors":"M. Hohberg, L. Kärger, F. Henning, A. Hrymak","doi":"10.1063/1.5121660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121660","url":null,"abstract":"For a realistic process simulation of sheet molding compound (SMC), comprehensive and reliable viscosity data are essential. As the mean fiber-length in SMC is similar to the sample size of shear rheometers, an alternative rheology tool and method was developed. Therefore, a molding tool for the compression molding process was equipped with pressure sensors. By means of this tool, the pressure distribution was measured and thus the rheological behavior of two semistructural SMC systems consisting of a hybrid UPPH resin with glass or carbon fibers were estimated. The characterization of the carbon SMC is performed by using a previously developed compressible rheological shell-model [5]. This shell model describes the SMC rheological behavior during 1D flow by considering the elongation flow in the core and the thin resin rich outer lubrication layer. In contrast, the glass fiber SMC shows a significantly different pressure distribution and thus different flow behavior. It shows a significant pressure peak at the flow-front, which decreases after a certain flowlength and then follows the classical SMC pressure behavior. This cannot be modeled by the compressible shell-model, nor any other available SMC related model. Therefore, a new approach has to be developed. By comparing these two SMCs with their different fiber types, concepts to model the flow behavior of the hybrid glass SMC is presented.For a realistic process simulation of sheet molding compound (SMC), comprehensive and reliable viscosity data are essential. As the mean fiber-length in SMC is similar to the sample size of shear rheometers, an alternative rheology tool and method was developed. Therefore, a molding tool for the compression molding process was equipped with pressure sensors. By means of this tool, the pressure distribution was measured and thus the rheological behavior of two semistructural SMC systems consisting of a hybrid UPPH resin with glass or carbon fibers were estimated. The characterization of the carbon SMC is performed by using a previously developed compressible rheological shell-model [5]. This shell model describes the SMC rheological behavior during 1D flow by considering the elongation flow in the core and the thin resin rich outer lubrication layer. In contrast, the glass fiber SMC shows a significantly different pressure distribution and thus different flow behavior. It shows a significant pressure peak ...","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123707318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on the production of hybrid structures using the two-stage GITBlow process","authors":"E. Moritzer, Björn Landgräber","doi":"10.1063/1.5121664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":268370,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123300380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}