{"title":"Monitoring Coastal Processes and Ocean Wave Directional Spectra Using a Marine Radar","authors":"D. Trizna","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393897","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the application of microwave radars to remote sensing of ocean waves and currents in the coastal zone. A new X-band marine radar family (coherent and noncoherent) operating at 10-m scales can map nearshore bathymetry, and measure ocean currents and wave spectra at distances out to a few kilometers. We present some examples of bathymetry experiments and recent empirical results in establishing the modulation transfer function that relates radar image spectra to ocean wave directional spectra, and allows such wave spectrum measurements. We discuss the plan for a real time operational system based on this technology.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of 3-dimensional Downslope Acoustic Propagation During the Basin Acoustic Seamount Scattering EXperiment (BASSEX-04)","authors":"K. Heaney, A. Baggeroer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393927","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) 2004 sea-test, the Basin Acoustic Seamount Scattering EXperimnet (BASSEX) was performed. A portion of this test was dedicated to taking towed array measurements of acoustic transmissions from the NPAL source moored off the coast of Kauai. In this paper, several transmissions which show evidence of 3-dimensional propagation are analyzed. Broadband transmissions to a towed array provide the opportunity to examine the spacial and temporal arrival structure of the acoustic propagation. Clear multipath arrivals with times and arrival angles different from the expected 2-dimensional plane of propagation are recorded. These results are presented as well as a hypothoses for how the interaction of the acoustic field and the local bathymetry leads to 3-dimensional propagation. In order to examine the stability of these arrivals, the 20 minute reception is run through a frequency domain adaptive beamformer. Comparison of the eigenspectra with 2 D Parabolic Equation simulations leads to the conclusion that bottom roughness and 3 D propagation are significant factors in explaining the arrival complexity.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128883607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chitre, L. Freitag, E. Sozer, S. Shahabudeen, M. Stojanovic, J. Potter
{"title":"An Architecture for Underwater Networks","authors":"M. Chitre, L. Freitag, E. Sozer, S. Shahabudeen, M. Stojanovic, J. Potter","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393953","url":null,"abstract":"As electromagnetic waves do not propagate well underwater, acoustics plays a key role in underwater communication. Due to significant differences in the characteristics of electromagnetic and acoustic channels, networking protocols for underwater systems differ from those developed for wired and wireless radio networks. Various schemes have been proposed for one or many aspects of underwater networks. However, no widely accepted common framework exists for underwater acoustics to unify these proposed schemes into a functional underwater network. The availability of such a framework will enable easy integration of independently developed techniques and thus accelerate the pace of research in underwater acoustic networking. In order for a common framework to be successful, it needs to have a wide acceptance. To gain such an acceptance, a framework needs to take into account a wide variety of different constraints and requirements for various underwater applications. This requires inputs from various research groups and end users. To help define the use cases and a common framework for underwater networking, a joint effort has been initiated between acoustic communication research groups at the Acoustic Research Laboratory (National University of Singapore), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In this paper, we discuss the first draft of the framework specifications from this effort. We welcome feedback from the underwater acoustic research community and potential end users of underwater networking systems.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126915952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wakeup Scheme for Ocean Monitoring Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN)","authors":"Y. Wong, L. Ngoh, W. Wong, W. Seah","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393874","url":null,"abstract":"The growing interests in underwater wireless sensor networks for a wide variety of purposes from Tsunami monitoring to commercial oilfield exploration projects have been encouraging. The use of underwater wireless nodes implies nodes are battery-powered and energy conservation in such networks becomes a leading issue. Unlike land systems that can make generous assumptions about accurate time-synchronization and that of a dense deployment scenario, the underwater context is much more constrained. Energy conservation techniques for underwater systems remain in its infancy. Wakeup schemes for sensor nodes originally designed for land systems quickly become ineffective in the harsh underwater world. We propose a sensor wakeup scheme based on Combinatorics block design that is suitable for underwater applications. We support our claims with analytical findings and simulations.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128339950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.P. Kumar, S. S. Babu, Y. Srilekha, C. Kumar, D. Sen, A. Dasgupta
{"title":"Test-bed for Navigation and Control of a Thruster based AUV","authors":"R.P. Kumar, S. S. Babu, Y. Srilekha, C. Kumar, D. Sen, A. Dasgupta","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393968","url":null,"abstract":"A thruster controlled AUV is being developed for the Indian AUV project. All motions and control is carried out by a set of five thrusters for controlling positions in two attitudes and three linear directions. As a prototype and verification system for the above AUV, a test-bed to develop and validate the control schemes was found necessary and has been developed at IIT Kharagpur. This paper describes the design criteria of the test-bed and the methods used to develop control scheme for such class of underwater vehicles, which are wholly thruster controlled and can be implemented in this test-bed. The design and capabilities of such a test-bed has been considered for taking into account similar thruster actuated AUVs which may be used in conditions like low speed motion as well as high maneuverability, station keeping etc. Such vehicles are different from the hydroplane controlled vehicles which are more effective above a certain operational velocity. The test-bed proposed here is targeted to generate valuable experimental data for full thruster controlled underwater vehicles operating over a range of operational velocities including station keeping to cruising modes.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133399064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adapted Distributed Localization of Sensors in Underwater Acoustic Networks","authors":"J. Garcia","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393815","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing of marine life and ecosystems may be supported by underwater acoustic sensor networks. However due to the nature of deployment of such networks a knowledge of the sensor locations is in most cases not possible in advance. Therefore a distributed positioning algorithm is needed for localization of the sensors which form the network. Additionally due to the influences of water parameters on the transmission characteristics such as depth, temperature and salinity, should be considered when designing the positioning algorithm in order to achieve a good system performance. We propose a distributed positioning algorithm for sensor localization adapted to underwater acoustic networks and we present the results of a performance study under different environments.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122458986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vasudevan, K. M. Sivakholundu, R. D. Venkata, S. Kathiroli
{"title":"Application of Parametric Acoustics for Shallow-Water Near-Surface Geophysical Investigations","authors":"M. Vasudevan, K. M. Sivakholundu, R. D. Venkata, S. Kathiroli","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393876","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow-water near-surface geophysical investigations were carried out, under two different scenarios - one to assess the status of a pipeline in the West coast and the other to assess the effect of water-injection dredging in the East coast of India. In both these investigations, Parametric Sediment Echo Sounder (SES-2000), a system developed by Innomar Technologie GmbH, which makes use of the parametric acoustical effect, was used. In the former case, profiles were taken across a pipeline at regular intervals to determine whether it was buried or exposed. The parametric system produces a 2D geo-acoustic section in which the pipe is indicated by a hyperbolic curve. The exposed height or buried depth of the pipeline at a crossing is then estimated. This investigation could, also, reveal the geomorphologic changes in the immediate vicinity of the pipeline. In the latter case, parametric acoustics was utilized to provide supplementary results for the assessment of water-injection dredging. Parametric acoustic data could expose the abrupt termination of certain near-seabed layer interfaces and sediment accumulations along steep slope, quite convincingly. SES-2000 proved to be handy to investigate the near-surface sub-seabed, especially in areas where conventional or popular methods find practical difficulties to be carried out.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129003889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Heron, P. Ridd, A. Prytz, Yonghong Wang, J. Hacker
{"title":"Salinity Gradients in Coastal Waters by Airborne Microwave Radiometer Remote Sensing","authors":"M. Heron, P. Ridd, A. Prytz, Yonghong Wang, J. Hacker","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393916","url":null,"abstract":"A project was proposed, and funded, to use the airborne polarimetric L-band multi-beam radiometer (PLMR) to observe salinity gradients across the continental shelf in order to evaluate the cross-shelf mixing and residence time for water in the Great Barrier Reef. This paper examines issues of accuracy and uses first results from the project to demonstrate that the PLMR is capable of observing salinity gradients of the order of 0.01 PSU per km.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115562501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Particle Filtering Detection in Turbo Coded OFDM System over Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels","authors":"Liang Zhao, Wei-qing Zhu","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393829","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the problem of symbol detection in a turbo coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over underwater acoustic communication channels. The detector is based on the particle filtering (PF) method, which build on the techniques of sequential importance sampling (SIS) and resampling Simultaneously, we introduce the turbo coded scheme to improve the system performance. Being soft-input and soft-output in nature, the proposed PF detector is employed as the first-stage demodulator in a turbo receiver for a turbo coded OFDM system. Such a Turbo receiver successively improves the receiver performance by iteratively exchanging the so-called extrinsic information with two maximum a posterior (MAP) decoder. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acoustic Shadowgraph Mapping of Convective Activity","authors":"J. Rodrigues, B. Uscinski, A. Kaletzky","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSAP.2006.4393904","url":null,"abstract":"The Acoustic Shadowgraph is a device that allows internal ocean features to be monitored for long periods of time while remaining submerged and unattended. It transmits acoustic pulses through the ocean features and records the resulting intensity patterns on two vertically separated hydrophones. These are analysed to yield the required information. The apparatus is relatively inexpensive to operate and is proving useful in monitoring sub-surface convection, motion in large-scale chimneys, and thermal vents. This article presents technical details of the device and describes how it has been used to investigate subsurface convection and heat transfer in the North Greenland Sea. Some of the results are shown and briefly analysed.","PeriodicalId":268341,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115793274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}