Journal of Horticulture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Screening of tree seedling survival rate under field condition in Tanqua Abergelle and Weri-Leke Weredas, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Abrha Gebrekidan, Hintsa Sbhatleab, G. Gebrekiros","doi":"10.5897/jhf2019.0618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jhf2019.0618","url":null,"abstract":"Rehabilitation of degraded lands through plantations is at the frontline of natural resource management in Ethiopia. However, plantations have been faced with various challenges mainly attributed to poor survival rate of tree seedlings. Hence, this research was conducted in Tanqua ‘Abergelle and Weri Leke Wereda’s with the objective of screening tree seedlings for their survival rates under field conditions. Tree seedlings that were mostly produced in nurseries of the Woredas were first identified and analyzed. One watershed from Tanqua Abergelle and two watersheds from Weri Leke were selected to undertake further plantation trials. Pits were prepared one month ahead of plantation. The collected data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Accordingly, almost all seedlings reduced their number at each sequence of inventory periods. The growth of Moringa stenopetala and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were better than the others in Weri-Leke. Eucalyptus camaldulensis recorded the highest growth performance (60.4 cm) followed by Acacia lehay (46.3 cm) in Weri Leke. The seedlings of Moringa stenopetala, Leucaena leucocephala and Faidherbia albida revealed relatively lower survival rates in Abergelle. However, Ziziphus spina Christ (L.) Desf., Acacia tortilis and Parkinsonia aculeata showed higher survival rates (>80%). Moringa stenopetala and Casuarina equisitifolia showed the lowest survival rates ( 50% should be considered for plantations in the study areas, and improved post-planting attention and management. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Natural selection, rehabilitation, species, survival rate.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120894674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetable soybean, edamame: Research, production, utilization and analysis of its adoption in \u0000Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Mahoussi Kadoukpe Arnaud Djanta, E. Agoyi, S. Agbahoungba, F. Quenum, F. Chadare, A. Assogbadjo, C. Agbangla, B. Sinsin","doi":"10.5897/jhf2019.0604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jhf2019.0604","url":null,"abstract":"Food and nutritional insecurity constitute a main challenge in most Sub-Sahara African countries. Efforts to provide diets with sufficient nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and essential minerals should include the introduction of new vegetable and legume crops. Vegetable soybean “edamame”, is a nutritious vegetable legume well known and consumed in Asia and America, but underutilized in Africa. This review paper aims at documenting the existing information on edamame and analyzing the potentials for its use in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis of the existing literature revealed that vegetable soybean provides great advantages in term of production because of good market value of the fresh pods having a good market value and high demand on both local and international markets. Then, the consumption of edamame can also really contribute to reducing nutritional deficiencies in children and even adults, through its great nutritional content and good health benefits. Therefore, edamame is a good crop to promote in Africa. The promotion of edamame requires many research activities starting from evaluation of agro-ecological adaptation, determination of consumers’ preferences and genetic improvement based on farmers, processors and consumers’ needs, in order to sustain a seed system for the crop. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Food security, genetic improvement, seed system, sub-Saharan Africa, vegetable soybean.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129671090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and the influence of socioeconomic factors on tree species diversity in traditional agroforestry practices in Demba Goffa District, South Ethiopia","authors":"Gebremedhin Chameno Chalite","doi":"10.5897/jhf2019.0579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jhf2019.0579","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to provide a baseline data on status of woody species diversity, local knowledge in use and the influence of socioeconomic factors. Interview and discussion with key informants and formal survey with structured questionnaires were employed to collect primary data. The assessment of tree species richness was done by inventorying trees at the sampled plots of the different agroforestry practices within three social classes. Secondary data were collected from various sources. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 computer program. The result indicated that most farmers preferred planting trees around homesteads, woodlots and boundaries. The type of trees planted were those meant for fuel wood, construction and improvement of soil. Wealthy farmers maintained more number of trees than medium. The highest proportion of tree stems/ha was found in boundary plantation followed by woodlots. Terminalia brownii, Moringa stenopetala, Eucalyptus species and Cordia africana were widely maintained. Tree species richness was significantly correlated to farm size. Smaller farm size and limitation of knowledge were the major constraints to manage tree species. It can be concluded that local knowledge in use, wealth status, experiences, resources and needs of farmers were must to be considered to promote agroforestry technologies.  \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Constraint, management practices, socioeconomic factors, tree species, wealth status.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121126963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characterization and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) based DNA fingerprinting of selected mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Rezwan Molla, I. Ahmed, Md. Amjad Hossain, M. Islam, M. A. Z. Chowdhury, Dilruba Shabnam, M. Rohman","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0597","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteen genotypes of mango including nine released varieties viz. BARI Aam-1, BARI Aam-2 (Laxmanbhog), BARI Aam-3, BARI Aam- 4 (Hybrid), BARI Aam-5, BARI Aam-6, BARI Aam-7, BARI Aam-8, BARI Aam-9; one parental line viz. M- 3896 and nine Geographical Indication Crops (GIs) viz. Haribhanga, Surjapuri, Fazli, Gourmoti, Ashwina, Khirsapat, Gopalbhog, Langra and Ranipasand were characterized with a view to identifying the degree of morphological and molecular variation of mango within genotypes with their historical background their historical background, and to establish a permanent database for documentation of mango in Bangladesh. Wide variations were observed among GI crops and released varieties included in this study for plant, leaf, flower and fruit characters. Among 19 mango genotypes, eight were distinct by two traits and 11 by only single character. Molecular characterization was carried out with SSR markers. Using 21 primers across 19 genotypes a total of 80 alleles with an average number of 3.81 alleles per locus were found of which MIAC-6 and MIAC-11 showed the highest number of alleles (6) (size ranging from 244 to 312 and 133 to 167 bp, respectively). However, the lowest number of allele (2) with size ranging 237 to 366 and 118 to 125 bp was observed in the locus MiSHRS-39 and MIAC-11, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC values) ranged from 0.349 to 0.781, with a mean value of 0.602 for all loci. Of the 21 SSR primers, 13 were highly informative (PIC value ≥0.6). The distinct level of heterozygosity indicated higher level of diversity among the genotypes. Band patterns corresponding to individual genotype have been identified to discriminate the genotype. The genotypes presented genetic distances between 0.260 and 1.557. The dendrogram generated from UPGMA cluster analysis broadly placed 19 mango genotypes into two major groups, “A” and “B” in which only one poly-embryonic genotype namely BARI Aam-8 congregated in a distinct group “B” and other 18 mono-embryonic genotypes clustered in group “A”. The dendrogram revealed that Gourmoti and Ashwina were the most similar hybrids with 21% similarity. Contrary to this, hybrids BARI Aam-5 and BARI Aam-8 were the most divergent with a diversity value of 1.56. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Geographical Indication Crops (GIs), historical background, morphology, identity.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122572070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated effect of nitrogen and vermicompost levels on yield and yield components of carrot (Daucus carota L.) at Woreta, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Tadila Getaneh, A. Mezgebu","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0591","url":null,"abstract":"The N fertilizer or organic resources alone may not provide sufficient amounts or may be unsuitable for improving specific constraints to crop production. In view of this, a field trial was conducted at Woreta ATVET College horticultural farm, Ethiopia to determine integrated effect of nitrogen and vermicompost levels on yield and yield components of carrot, nantes type, during 2017 main rainy season. Nine treatments comprising a factorial combination of three levels of nitrogen (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha−1) and vermicompost (0, 3 and 6 ton vermicompost ha−1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on growth factors, root yield and yield components. The results revealed that the main and interaction effects of treatments did not have any significant (P >0.05) effect on plant height and root length. However, main effects of nitrogen affected leaf number and total fresh biomass. Combined application of 50 kg N ha-1 and 6 ton vermcompost ha-1 significantly (P 0.05) increased total root yield (t/ha), dry root weight (g/plant), harvest index and fresh root weight (g/plant). At this combination, highest total root yield (60 t/ha), harvest index (51%) and fresh root yield (79.8 g/plant) were recorded. It can, thus, be concluded that maximum yield of  carrot can be obtained from the combined application of 50 kg N ha-1 and 6 t vermicompost ha-1. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Carrot, nantes, nitrogen, vermicompot, root yield, interaction effect.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123131579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tea processing methods on biochemical composition and sensory quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze): A review","authors":"K. Teshome","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0588","url":null,"abstract":"Final quality of black tea depends mainly on the chemical composition of the raw tea leaves. Various plucking methods have direct effect both on yield and quality in different cultivated variety and environments. Different literature reports indicated that polyphenols, caffeine, essential oils and amino acids are responsible for aroma and flavor of black tea. The oxidation process begins at rolling step and ends at initial stages of drying process until the heat denature the enzymes, which convert tea polyphenols (catechins) to theaflavins and thearubigins; both are responsible for brightness, color and taste of black tea. TR increased by increasing fermentation period. TF decreased by increasing fermentation period. The essential oils and the amino acids also contribute to characteristic tea taste and aroma. It was found that the essential oils content increased during the withering, rolling and fermentation steps; however this amount decreased during the drying step. But this reduction is compensated by the Millard reaction which is the reaction of amino acids with the sugars during drying, contributing positively to the tea flavor and color. Theaflavin, thearubigins and total color content of black tea stored in accelerated storage condition decreased slightly when compared with tea stored under normal conditions. It is concluded that plucking (interval, season and standard), processing steps and storage system plays major role in maintaining black tea quality. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tea processing, black tea, biochemical composition, sensory quality.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132068519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of light quality and photoperiod of light emitting LED on growth and biomass accumulation of shallot","authors":"Yue Zhang, Xin Ran Wang, Jianjun Chen","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0586","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, effects of light quality emitted by light emitting light emitting diodes (LED),  and selected photoperiods on the growth and biomass accumulation of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) have been studied. Two ratios of red and blue light namely, 2:1 and 1:1 and two photoperiods 16 h dark and 8 h light cycle and 12 h each alternating light and dark cycle were tested. The results showed that the growth of spring shallots and the accumulation of biomass were associated with the ratio of red and blue light as well as on the photoperiod. The plant height growth, growth rate and the accumulation of chlorophyll a were the fastest under an experimental condition of 16 h of illumination with a red and blue light ratio of 2:1. The synthesis of chlorophyll b was the fastest under an experimental condition of 12 h of illumination with a red and blue light ratio of 2:1. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Shallots, light emitting diodes (LED), light, red and blue light quality, biomass.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of human resettlement on forests of Ethiopia: The case of Chamen-Didhessa Forest in Chewaka district, Ethiopia","authors":"Derjew Yilak, Daniel Getahun Debelo","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0576","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has been practicing population resettlement programmes since 1960s mainly as a response to extreme land degradation in the highlands. The programmes were carried out mainly in the lowlands of western, southwestern and southern Ethiopia. Accordingly, 12,305 households (56,715 people) from Eastern and Western Hararghe zones were formally resettled in Chamen-Didhessa forest in Chewaka district. The major aim of this study was to assess the impacts of resettlement on the forest cover between 2004 and 2016. Data about the size of farmland held by the respondents and other issues related to the forest were randomly collected from 360 households from four sites through semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 54,200 ha of the natural forest, 38,906 ha (72%) was cleared by the government during the preparation for the resettlement programme in 2004. About 58% of the remaining forest land was deforested by the resettlers between 2004 and 2016. The average of farmland possessed by each household was 1.74 ha at the beginning of settlement in 2004 and it increased to 2.1 ha in 2016.  The major causes for the forest cover reduction after the settlement were clearing of forest for farmland expansion, forest burning, cutting of trees for firewood, charcoal production and construction wood and logging. The human population increased from 12,305 households (56,715 people) in 2004 to 19,415 households (71,809 people) in 2016. The government has to take measure to rehabilitate the forest and conserve the remaining one.  \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chewaka district, deforestation, forest, forest resource, population pressure, resettlement.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of drip lateral spacing and mulching on yield, irrigation water use efficiency and net return of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Ambo, Western Shoa, Ethiopia","authors":"Oli Firissa, T. Seyoum, Fentaw Abegaz","doi":"10.5897/JHF2019.0583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0583","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at Ambo during the 2017/2018 to investigate effects of drip lateral spacing and mulching on yield, water use efficiency and net return of onion. Eight treatments with three replications were randomized in complete block design to conduct the experiment. Two levels of drip lateral spacing and four levels of mulch were used to evaluate their effects. The result showed that both onion yield and water use efficiency were affected by main effects of drip lateral spacing and mulching but not affected by their interaction effect. The maximum bulb yield 34990 and 35117 kg ha-1 of onion were recorded from onion grown under drip lateral in every row and white plastic mulching, respectively. Water use efficiency of 1.14 and 1.15 kg L-1 were recorded from onion grown under drip lateral spacing in every row and white plastic mulching, respectively. Even though white plastic mulch scores significantly higher yield and water use efficiency, highest net returns of 246,410 and 284,616 ETB ha-1 were obtained from drip laterals in every rows and no mulch, respectively. This suggests that drip laterals in every rows and no mulching is economically feasible for drip irrigated onion production at Ambo. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Drip irrigation, drip lateral spacing, mulching, bulb yield, water use efficiency, net return, Ambo woreda.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Faidherbia albida tree species in parkland agroforestry and its management in Ethiopia","authors":"Tsegu Ereso","doi":"10.5897/JHF2018.0570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2018.0570","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry has been defined as a dynamic ecologically based natural resources management system that through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels. This paper highlighted the role of Faidherbia albida tree species in Parkland Agroforestry and its management. Large part of the Ethiopian agricultural landscape is mostly dominant by Parkland Agroforestry practice. These practices are characterized by well grown scattered trees on cultivated land. F. albida is a multipurpose tree grown in addition to its gum production, used in soil fertility improvement as well as fuel and fodder production in rural communities. These trees have been promoted in agroforestry as its characteristic reverse phenology allows satisfactory production of crops under a full stand of the species. Several trials have shown the positive effect of F. albida on crops. In areas where there is too little crop rotation, severe cases of Striga infestation are more noticeable, often resulting in total crop failure. One of the cheapest means of improving his soil fertility, which could effectively reduce or eliminate Strigainfestation, is the use of the F. albida tree in an agroforestry practice on his farm. Socio- economically, F. albida have served as a fodder for livestock and the source of nectar for honey. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Agroforestry,  Faidherbia albida, Parkland, management.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134018410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}