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The Rise and Demise of World Communism最新文献

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Maoism
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.4135/9781608712434.n949
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"Maoism","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.4135/9781608712434.n949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781608712434.n949","url":null,"abstract":"Mao Zedong and his legacy may be given credit for effective innovation in conducting guerrilla warfare and mobilizing the peasantry to win a fifteen-year battle against the Guomindang and the Japanese. Stains on his legacy are the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122702503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Soviet Union after Khrushchev 赫鲁晓夫之后的苏联
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0026
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"The Soviet Union after Khrushchev","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Khrushchev was overthrown by his associates in the Politburo in October 1964. The new collective leadership proceeded to institutionalize a regime I call “Bureaucratic Leninism.” This is a top-down vision of the centralized communist party “scientifically managing” society, and doing so through the cadres of the party and the state. “Trust in cadres” became the phrase that signaled a willingness to govern through the party, not over it.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126112476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The World Communist Movement 世界共产主义运动
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0004
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"The World Communist Movement","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The death of Stalin also led to a loosening of controls within the world communist movement. Strict subordination to Stalin gave way to a pluralistic relationship within the movement, whereby Moscow, while still the leader, allowed for an interplay of interests and greater consensus building among the communist parties to become the norm. This resulted —sooner in some places, later in others—in a variety of postures toward the world communist movement as led by Moscow: attempted withdrawal from the movement, straddling of several camps in world affairs, loose bloc discipline, schism, and abandonment of anti-imperialist struggle in favor of pragmatic foreign policies that sought to advance the national-security and economic interests of the communist state.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125667343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Market Leninism in Vietnam 越南的市场列宁主义
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0038
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"Market Leninism in Vietnam","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0038","url":null,"abstract":"After a decade of recovery from the decades-long Vietnam War, a reunified Vietnam began a process in the 1990s of privatizing and opening its economy on the Chinese model. It also abandoned anti-imperialist struggle in favor of pragmatic relationships with China and broader capitalist countries.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"23 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133425728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was Stalinism a Logical Continuation of Marxism, Leninism, or Neither? 斯大林主义是马克思主义、列宁主义的逻辑延续，还是两者都不是?
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0012
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"Was Stalinism a Logical Continuation of Marxism, Leninism, or Neither?","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"For political activists as well as scholars, the relationship between Stalinism and the Marxist-Leninist (or Bolshevik) heritage is a fraught one. If Stalinism grew organically out of the Marxist apocalyptic vision or the Leninist commitment to revolutionary violence, then the discrediting of Stalinism would call into question the entire intellectual and organizational heritage of Bolshevik rule. This chapter presents the arguments for and against continuity and concludes that the Leninist heritage facilitated, but did not determine, the Stalinist Revolution from Above or the Great Terror.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"21 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132679233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is There a Future for New Communist States? 新的共产主义国家有未来吗?
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0044
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"Is There a Future for New Communist States?","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Communism was the offspring of wars: World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. Are such wars likely in the coming decades? If not, new communist regimes on the Leninist-Stalinist-Maoist models are unlikely to come to power in the name of Marxism-Leninism. Whether that ideological heritage becomes again a beacon for revolution may depend on whether, in the future, the historical imagination comes to view communism as having been an achievement or a tragedy.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126441884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Collapse of the World Communist Movement and the Rise of Détente 世界共产主义运动的崩溃和dsamente的兴起
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0030
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"The Collapse of the World Communist Movement and the Rise of Détente","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"At the peak of the Cultural Revolution, China’s army initiated confrontations and battles with Soviet troops along their contested border. Schism within the world communist movement now amounted to warfare among established communist states. Under these conditions, US-Soviet détente and the opening to China by the Nixon administration were made possible by skilled diplomacy and the fact that both the USSR and the People’s Republic of China came to view themselves each as closer to the United States in defending their national interests than they were to each other. Pragmatism prevailed over proletarian internationalism.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128676585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Did Communist Regimes Have in Common? 共产主义政权有什么共同之处?
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0002
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"What Did Communist Regimes Have in Common?","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter delineates common features of all communist states. The sixteen communist regimes all had in common, during their early years in power, a commitment to revolution and to the use of revolutionary violence to consolidate their power, a determination to build socialism on the Stalinist model, membership in a world communist movement led by Moscow, and commitment to anti-imperialist struggle as the core mission of that movement.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133115326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was Stalin’s Revolution from Above a Rational Strategy of Modernization? 斯大林的“自上而下的革命”是一种理性的现代化战略吗?
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0013
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"Was Stalin’s Revolution from Above a Rational Strategy of Modernization?","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Strategies of modernization are legion within the social science literature. Stalin’s Revolution from Above—but not the Great Terror—is set within this literature as a revolutionary, as opposed to a reformist, strategy. Features of the revolutionary strategy may have been considered necessary to urgently create the capacity to defend the country in a hostile world. But the extent of revolutionary violence against the peasantry cannot be justified in those terms.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966–1969 1966-1969年，无产阶级文化大革命
The Rise and Demise of World Communism Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0028
George W. Breslauer
{"title":"The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966–1969","authors":"George W. Breslauer","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579671.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was launched by Mao as a reaction against the rationalizing policies of 1960–1965. It was at once a power struggle, a civil war, a purge of cadres and critical intelligentsia, an effort to reverse authority relationships within society, and a romantic-revolutionary crusade to instill revolutionary consciousness in the masses.","PeriodicalId":266942,"journal":{"name":"The Rise and Demise of World Communism","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114481813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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