Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.3233/ao-220269
C. Reginato, J. S. Salamon, Gabriel G. Nogueira, M. Barcellos, V. Souza, M. Monteiro, Renata Guizzardi
{"title":"A goal-oriented framework for ontology reuse","authors":"C. Reginato, J. S. Salamon, Gabriel G. Nogueira, M. Barcellos, V. Souza, M. Monteiro, Renata Guizzardi","doi":"10.3233/ao-220269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220269","url":null,"abstract":"Ontologies have been successfully used to assign semantics in the Semantic Web context, to support integration of data from different systems or different sources, and to enable reasoning. However, building ontologies is not a trivial task. Ontology reuse can help in this matter. The search and selection of ontologies to be reused should consider the alignment between their scope and the scope of the ontology being developed. In this paper, we discuss how goal modeling can be helpful in this context and we present GO-FOR, a framework in which goals are the central elements to promote ontology reuse. GO-FOR comprises a conceptual architecture, a goal-oriented ontology development process and a supporting tool. In GO-FOR we introduce Goal-Oriented Ontology Patterns (GOOPs) as a new type of pattern to be applied to develop ontologies in a goal-oriented approach. Results of the use of GO-FOR to build an ontology used to integrate patient examination data are also shown in this paper.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.3233/ao-220267
Fumiaki Toyoshima, A. Barton, J. Éthier
{"title":"Affordances and their ontological core","authors":"Fumiaki Toyoshima, A. Barton, J. Éthier","doi":"10.3233/ao-220267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220267","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of affordance remains elusive, notwithstanding its importance for the representation of agency, cognition, and behaviors. This paper lays down a foundation for an ontology of affordances by elaborating the idea of “core affordance” which would serve as a common ground for explaining existing diverse conceptions of affordances and their interrelationships. For this purpose, it analyzes M. T. Turvey’s dispositional theory of affordances in light of a formal ontology of dispositions. Consequently, two kinds of so-called “core affordances” are proposed: specific and general ones. Inspired directly by Turvey’s original account, a specific core affordance is intimately connected to a specific agent, as it is reciprocal with a counterpart effectivity (which is a disposition) of this agent within the agent-environment system. On the opposite, a general core affordance does not depend on individual agents; rather, its realization involves an action by an instance of a determinate class of agents. The utility of such core affordances is illustrated by examining how they can be leveraged to formalize other major accounts of affordances. Additionally, it is briefly outlined how core affordances can be employed to analyze three notions that are closely allied with affordances: the environment, image schemas, and intentions.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125243666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3233/ao-220266
K. Baclawski, Mike Bennett, G. Berg-Cross, Leia Dickerson, Todd Schneider, S. Seppälä, Ravi Sharma, R. Sriram, A. Westerinen
{"title":"Ontology Summit 2021 Communiqué: Ontology generation and harmonization","authors":"K. Baclawski, Mike Bennett, G. Berg-Cross, Leia Dickerson, Todd Schneider, S. Seppälä, Ravi Sharma, R. Sriram, A. Westerinen","doi":"10.3233/ao-220266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220266","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in machine learning and the development of very large knowledge graphs have accompanied a proliferation of ontologies of many types and for many purposes. These ontologies are commonly developed independently, and as a result, it can be difficult to communicate about and between them. To address this difficulty of communication, ontologies and the communities they serve must agree on how their respective terminologies and formalizations relate to each other. The process of coming into accord and agreement is called “harmonization.” The Ontology Summit 2021 examined the overall landscape of ontologies, the many kinds of ontology generation and harmonization, as well as the sustainability of ontologies. The Communiqué synthesizes and summarizes the findings of the summit as well as earlier summits on related issues. One of the major impediments to harmonization is the relatively poor quality of natural language definitions in many ontologies. The summit surveyed the state of the art in natural language definition development, based on lexicographic principles, as well as examples of ongoing projects that are explicitly dealing with harmonization and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128386834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-03-07DOI: 10.3233/ao-220262
J. Otte, J. Beverley, A. Ruttenberg
{"title":"BFO: Basic Formal Ontology","authors":"J. Otte, J. Beverley, A. Ruttenberg","doi":"10.3233/ao-220262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220262","url":null,"abstract":"Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology consisting of thirty-six classes, designed to support information integration, retrieval, and analysis across all domains of scientific investigation, presently employed in over 350 ontology projects around the world. BFO is a genuine top-level ontology, containing no terms particular to material domains, such as physics, medicine, or psychology. In this paper, we demonstrate how a series of cases illustrating common types of change may be represented by universals, defined classes, and relations employing the BFO framework. We provide discussion of these cases to provide a template for other ontologists using BFO, as well as to facilitate comparison with the strategies proposed by ontologists using different top-level ontologies.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114364353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.3233/ao-220265
S. Borgo, A. Galton, O. Kutz
{"title":"Foundational ontologies in action","authors":"S. Borgo, A. Galton, O. Kutz","doi":"10.3233/ao-220265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220265","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of proposing a special issue on the use of foundational ontologies for modelling simple everyday, or commonsense, situations came after several discussions with people in different domains which pointed to difficulties in understanding the philosophical and general presentations in the documentation accompanying foundational systems. This problem, we noticed, is worsened by the lack of step-by-step guidance to model a real situation from the point of view of a specific ontology. The result was that different knowledge engineers could generate mutually inconsistent models starting from the very same foundational ontology even when working on the same topic. Given that one of the main roles of ontologies is to serve as interoperability drivers, this conclusion was puzzling if not discouraging. We observed that it would not be possible to provide solutions to these issues without involving the very teams that developed foundational ontologies. On the other hand, if we could collect a series of presentations centred around the presentation of modelling cases, we would also have fostered a more consistent use of foundational ontologies, and set the bases for practical and comparative evaluations of the consequences in adopting one ontology rather than another. Another contribution that a special issue on “Foundational Ontologies in Action” could provide, and whose consideration eventually led to the particular selection of use cases discussed in this special issue, is to indicate how these ontologies differ in modelling core aspects in knowledge engineering practices. Such core aspects include the description of artefacts and their components, the modelling of changes","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129619198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.3233/ao-220264
F. Loebe, P. Burek, H. Herre
{"title":"GFO: The General Formal Ontology","authors":"F. Loebe, P. Burek, H. Herre","doi":"10.3233/ao-220264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220264","url":null,"abstract":"The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is a top-level ontology that is being developed at the University of Leipzig since 1999. Besides introducing some of the basic principles of the ontology, we expound axiomatic fragments of its formalization and present ontological models of several use cases. GFO is a top-level ontology that integrates objects and processes into a unified framework, in a way that differs significantly from other ontologies. Another unique selling feature of GFO is its meta-ontological architecture, which includes set theory into ontology and which accounts for its specific role in common representation approaches. The second level of that architecture starts from the distinction of categories and individuals, which forms the backbone of the world’s structure. Furthermore, GFO comprises several kinds of categories, among them universals and concepts, and it considers several ontological regions and levels. In the context of this special issue paper, we study five pre-determined use cases from the perspective of GFO. The results of these analyses yield insights into how the ontology treats several important notions. Very abridged, this covers material objects and their composition; roles and social entities; properties with their relations to objects and processes, and their changing; changes of processes, including a functional perspective; and, eventually, the nature and changing of concepts as well as terminology. A final part summarizes application projects that use GFO in various contexts.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.3233/ao-220263
M. Grüninger, Yi Ru, Jona Thai
{"title":"TUpper: A top level ontology within standards","authors":"M. Grüninger, Yi Ru, Jona Thai","doi":"10.3233/ao-220263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220263","url":null,"abstract":"Upper ontologies have traditionally arisen from the approach in which concepts that are common across a set of domains can be axiomatized at a general level. The rationale is that reuse across domains is to be supported through specialization of the general concepts from an upper ontology. Similarly, semantic integration between ontologies is to be achieved through the general concepts they specialize. The TUpper Ontology follows an alternative approach (referred to as the sideways approach) to the conventional upper ontology paradigm. Rather than think of an upper ontology as a monolithic axiomatization centred on a taxonomy, the sideways approach considers an upper ontology to be a modular ontology composed of generic ontologies that cover concepts including those related to time, process, and space. TUpper is therefore composed of a set of generic ontologies, and each generic ontology axiomatizes a particular set of generic concepts (e.g., the classes and relations relevant for time, process, and space). The TUpper Ontology is designed as a top-level ontology that contains modules from the ontologies within existing international standards.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116228638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.3233/ao-220261
Nicola Guarino, Riccardo Baratella, G. Guizzardi
{"title":"Events, their names, and their synchronic structure","authors":"Nicola Guarino, Riccardo Baratella, G. Guizzardi","doi":"10.3233/ao-220261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-220261","url":null,"abstract":"We present in this paper a novel ontological theory of events whose central tenet is the Aristotelian distinction between the object that changes and the actual subject of change, which is what we call an individual quality. While in the Kimian tradition events are individuated by a triple ⟨ o , P , t ⟩, where o is an object, P a property, and t an interval of time, for us the simplest events are qualitative changes, individuated by a triple ⟨ o , q , t ⟩, where q is an individual quality inhering in o or in one of its parts. Detaching the individuation of events from the property they exemplify results in a fine-grained theory that keeps metaphysics and semantics clearly separate, and lies between the multiplicative and the unitarian approaches. We discuss then the way language refers to events, observing that, in most cases, event descriptions refer to complex, cognitively relevant clusters of co-occurring qualitative changes, which exhibit a synchronic structure depending on the way they are described. Contra Bennett, who famously argued that the semantics of event names ultimately depends on “local context and unprincipled intuitions”, we show how the lexicon provides systematic principles for individuating such clusters and classifying them into kinds. Finally, we address some open challenges in the semantics of locative and manner modifiers.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.3233/ao-210256
G. Guizzardi, Alessander Botti Benevides, Claudenir M. Fonseca, Daniele Porello, J. P. Almeida, Tiago Prince Sales
{"title":"UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology","authors":"G. Guizzardi, Alessander Botti Benevides, Claudenir M. Fonseca, Daniele Porello, J. P. Almeida, Tiago Prince Sales","doi":"10.3233/ao-210256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210256","url":null,"abstract":"The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) was developed over the last two decades by consistently putting together theories from areas such as formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logics. It comprises a number of micro-theories addressing fundamental conceptual modeling notions, including entity types and relationship types. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current state of UFO, presenting a formalization of the ontology, along with the analysis of a number of cases to illustrate the application of UFO and facilitate its comparison with other foundational ontologies in this special issue. (The cases originate from the First FOUST Workshop – the Foundational Stance, an international forum dedicated to Foundational Ontology research.)","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134342931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appl. OntologyPub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.3233/ao-210258
J. Bateman
{"title":"GUM: The generalized upper model","authors":"J. Bateman","doi":"10.3233/ao-210258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ao-210258","url":null,"abstract":"GUM is a linguistically-motivated ontology originally developed to support natural language processing systems by offering a level of representation intermediate between linguistic forms and domain knowledge. Whereas modeling decisions for individual domains may need to be responsive to domain-specific criteria, a linguistically-motivated ontology offers a characterization that generalizes across domains because its design criteria are derived independently both of domain and of application. With respect to this mediating role, the use of GUM resembles (and partially predates) the adoption of upper ontologies as tools for mediating across domains and for supporting domain modeling. This paper briefly introduces the ontology, setting out its origins, design principles and applications. The example cases for this special issue are then described, illustrating particularly some of the principal differences and similarities of GUM to non-linguistically motivated upper ontologies.","PeriodicalId":266832,"journal":{"name":"Appl. Ontology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121034111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：