Global Clinical and Translational Research最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal Environment and Perinatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"J. Ou, Yidong Shen, Yamin Li, Guanglei Xu, Huaqing Liu, Yiqun He, Hui Guo, R. Wu, C. Hughes, K. Xia, Jingping Zhao, Fengyu Zhang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Both genetic and epidemiological studies have indicated that environmental factors play an essential role in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted this study to identify maternal exposure to environmental factors, in particular during the fetal development or perinatal period, associated with ASD.\u0000Methods: Two independent samples of children with ASD and typical developed (TD) were from distinct regions in China. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ASD in each sample and then in the combined sample.\u0000Results: Five factors were consistently associated with ASD in both samples. In the combined sample, maternal chemical exposure (odds ratio [OR] =4.50; 95% CI: 2.38-8.52), use of medication (OR = 3.19; 95% CI: 2.19-4.65), maternal infection (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.99-3.61), threatened abortion (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.61-3.50), and induced abortion before having the child (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.65-2.60) showed strong associations with ASD; moreover, five factors explained 10-15% of the variation in the risk of ASD. A significant interaction between maternal infection and the use of medication during pregnancy was consistently detected in both independent and combined samples together.\u0000Conclusion: Two novel risk factors of maternal chemical exposure and induced abortion may have important implications for understanding the etiology of ASD, particularly in China. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings, and necessary interventions are recommended to reduce the risk of ASD.\u0000KEYWORDS\u0000Autism spectrum disorder, chemical exposure, induced abortion, maternal infection","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126507106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy China 2030: the Primary Health Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial discusses the primary health challenges to the implementation of Healthy China 2030. It mainly focused on 1)The imbalance between socioeconomic development and population aging, 2)Industrialization, urbanization and environmental pollution, 3)Occupational health, and 4) Infections and chronic inflammations, which increase the risk for developing chronic diseases.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117041808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting Standards for Clinical and Translational Research","authors":"Fengyu Zhang, C. Hughes","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Transparency in reporting the results of clinical and preclinical research is critical for unbiased publications. Funding agencies, publishers, and regulators have the responsibility to advocate and implement reporting standards for rigorous design. While individual study protocols may have included these standards, the items reported in the respective publications have often been inconsistent or lack transparency. This editorial intends to provide some specific guidelines for reporting results of clinical research with standards required for rigorous study design. We recommend that reporting clinical research should include sufficient information on study design and analysis plan that contains data processing, quality assurance, and appropriate methods used for rigorous statistical analysis or modeling. Any discrepancy between publications and original study design should be disclosed and discussed. Additionally, recent advances in the analysis of outcome with repeated measurements and statistical modeling should be employed to obtain unbiased estimates. Finally, we briefly discuss some issues reporting real-world evidence in clinical research.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133001090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Status Impact Hypertensive Risk and Treatment among Older Adults in China","authors":"Cuicui Xia, Jianxin Li","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension has become one of the significant health problems among the elderly. The disparities in the prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension have been associated with socioeconomic status but lack of consistency especially in developing countries where is undergoing epidemiological transition.\u0000Methods: Data used in this study was drawn from the 2013 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was designed with a multi-stage clustering population-based sampling. The dependent variables were hypertension as well as self-awareness and treatment of hypertension, both of which were measured as binary outcomes.The independent variables included the community and individual socioeconomic conditions mainly measured by education, income and occupations. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis to considering\u0000the clustering at community level.\u0000Results: Individuals aged 45 years or older living in urban areas (Beta=0.144; p<0.1) and communities with higher mandarin fluency score (Beta=0.043; p<0.05) were positively associated with the risk of hypertension. Compared with agricultural workers, the retired (Beta=0.425; p<0.001), people working for government or institutions (Beta=0.519; p<0.001), working with a large company (Beta=0.362; p<0.05), farmer or working with a small private firm (Beta=0.302; p<0.05) were more likely to be \u0000hypertensive. We also found that urban living (Beta=0.194; p<0.1) and communities with a higher mandarin fluency score (Beta=0.061; p<0.05) were associated with a higher awareness of hypertension. There was a noted regional variation in both the awareness and treatment of hypertension; people living in the western China were less likely to be aware of (Beta=-0.186; p<0.1) and to manage their hypertension (Beta=-0.297; p<0.05) compared to those in the more developed eastern China. The inequality in treatment was also observed among occupations; the retired (Beta=0.785; p<0.001), individuals working for government or institutions (Beta=0.437; p<0.1) or for a private firm\u0000(Beta=0.395; p<0.1) were more likely to receive treatment for hypertension.\u0000Conclusion: Occupation, urban dwelling, and living in the more developed eastern China were associated with more likelihood of developing hypertension and being aware of and treated for hypertension. However, income and levels of education, two classical measures of socioeconomic status, were not associated with either of the three outcomeshypertensive risk, awareness and treatment in China.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum levels of oxidants and protein S100B were associated in the first-episode drug naïve patients with schizophrenia","authors":"L. Lei, Yanli Li, Yun Bian, Fude Yang, Xianyun Li, Xiaole Han, Li Tian, Song Chen, Zhiren Wang, Yunlong Tan","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with schizophrenia have been noted with an elevation of serum S100B protein concentration, but the pathological process is not known. This study was to investigate the relationship between levels of S100B protein and oxidative stress.\u0000\u0000Methods: General information and blood sample were collected from the first-episode drug naïve or drug-free acute stage of patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and healthy controls. The serum levels of S100B, total oxidants (TOS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were used to measure the level of oxidative stress in both patients, and healthy controls. General linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association of S100B protein with the levels of oxidative stress.\u0000\u0000Results: The levels of serum protein S100B were associated with the concentration of both TOS (Beta=15.77; p=0.0038) and MDA (Beta=7.90; p=0.0068) in the first-episode drug-naive patients (n=29).While both associations were no longer significant (p>0.05) in the drug-free acute phase patients (n=29); the levels of serum S100B was still consistently associated with TOS (Beta=12.42;p=0.0026) and MDA(Beta=4.11;p=0.0480) in the combined group of patients group(n=58). Simultaneous analysis of both oxidative markers, we still found that both TOS (Beta=12.88; p=0.0103) and MDA (Beta=6.46; p=0.0167) were associated with the serum level of protein S100B in the first-episode drug-naive patients, but not drug-free acute phase patients. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte activity, serum levels of oxidants, and their cross-talking might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This warrants a further study for understanding the underlying mechanism.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116089873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating Fundamental Science of Acupuncture into Clinical Practice","authors":"Hsiao-hsien Yeh, Jinchang Huang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) organized a 2-day workshop “Translating Fundamental Science of Acupuncture into Clinical Practice,” at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, from February 11-12, 2019. The workshop focused on 1) specific effect of the acupuncture intervention: neural mechanism and pathways, 2) non-specific effect of the acupuncture intervention, and 3) overcome the barriers of clinical research of acupuncture. Here we summarize the brief information on this workshop.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127398295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retirement and Management of Diabetes in Medically Under-served Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings and Literature Review","authors":"I. Obasanjo, W. Mann","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies have found that diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of early retirement in the high-income countries. In this study, we examined the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by employment status to determine if early retirement confers a benefit to managing diabetes.\u0000Methods: The data was from a primary care center serving the uninsured and medically underserved in the greater Williamsburg area in the State of Virginia. Plasma concentration of HbA1c (%) from the last visit was used to measure the average level of blood glucose and as an assessment test for glycemic control in people with diabetes. Data analyses were carried out using general linear regression with HbA1c as the dependent variable and employment status, gender and age as the independent variables; and the interaction of gender and employment status and interaction of age and employment status were assessed to control for potential confounding factors.\u0000Results: The results showed that males tended to have a higher level of HbA1c; overall age was negatively associated with the levels of HbA1c; there was a significant difference in the mean levels of HbA1c between the retired people and people working part-time (p=0.032). After controlling for age and gender in the multiple linear regression analysis, employment status became non-significantly associated with HbA1c levels. Post hoc analysis showed a difference in HbA1c between individuals working part-time (the highest HbA1c group) and the full-time employed at a marginal significance (p=0.0823). While almost 20 years older, the retired people had the lowest level of HbA1c. However, the mean level of HbA1c was no longer significantly different from that in other groups, probably because age explained much of this variation in the levels of HbA1c among employment status. Multiple regression analysis showed that age was negatively associated with the levels of HbA1c (The retired people mainly derived Beta=-0.046, p<0.0001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In this underserved population, the HbA1c level is the lowest in people after retirement, even though they are older. Our study indicates that retirement may be a beneficial factor for the management of diabetes, which warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131996481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture might Increase Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Ultralow Rectal Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Related Literature","authors":"Xin Jiang, Lina Wang, Qiaoli Zhang, Yehong Tian, Ming Yang, Yuxiang Wan, Xuewei Qi, Y. Liao, Jinchang Huang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We report a case of a patient with ultra-low rectal cancer who had a successful anus-preserving operation with fire needling to increase the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and an overview of the related literature.\u0000\u0000Case presentation: A 38-year-old male with a diagnosis of rectal cancer (cT4N0-2M0 Stage III), the lower edge of the tumor was 2 cm away from the anal margin. He had a strong desire for anal preservation and received six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by FOLFOX6 regimen at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The tumor shrinkage was not significant, and then fire-needling acupuncture was added to the original plan at baliao acupoints during the period of chemotherapy. After another six cycles of acupuncture, the tumor disappeared in the imaging examination. He underwent general anesthesia for laparoscopic rectal cancer (ISR) radical surgery.\u0000\u0000Results: The specimen showed no tumor, and no metastatic carcinoma was found in the peri-intestinal lymph nodes.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with chemotherapy may increase the anti-tumor effect, which could be of great significance for ultra-low rectal cancer patients if evidence can be replicated in an additional study. Further case series research is needed.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131045750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview on Genetic and Environmental Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"J. Ou, Ruiting Liu, Yidong Shen, K. Xia, Jingping Zhao","doi":"10.20900/GCTR20190003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20900/GCTR20190003","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children in the first few years of life. Genetic studies have demonstrated a moderate to high heritability of ASD, but only a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified. Meanwhile, numerous single de novo rare variants and copy number variations have been detected in patients with ASD, which are likely caused by environmental factors. Here we provide an overview of genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the risk of ASD and we recommend that further study should be focused on both genes and environmental factors, as well as their interactions with the expectation that epigenetic studies will lead to understanding the link between the environment and risk of ASD.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128979164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common genetic variants shared among five major psychiatric disorders: a large-scale genome-wide combined analysis","authors":"L. Xia, K. Xia, D. Weinberger, Fengyu Zhang","doi":"10.36316/gcatr.01.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36316/gcatr.01.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Genetic correlation and pleiotropic effects among psychiatric disorders have been reported. This study aimed to identify specific common genetic variants shared between five adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar, major depressive disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder.\u0000Methods. A combined p-value of about 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was calculated in an equivalent sample of 151,672 cases and 284,444 controls of European ancestry from published data based on the latest genome-wide association studies of five major psychiatric disorder. SNPs that achieved genome-wide significance (P<5x10-08) were mapped to loci and genomic regions for further investigation; gene annotation and clustering were performed to understand the biological process and molecular function of the loci identified. We also examined CNVs and performed expression quantitative trait loci analysis for SNPs by genomic region.\u0000Results. We find that 6,293 SNPs mapped to 336 loci shared by the three adult psychiatric disorders, 1,108 variants at 73 loci shared by the childhood disorders, and 713 variants at 47 genes shared by all five disorders at genome-wide significance (P<5x10-08). Of the 2,583 SNPs at the extended major histocompatibility complex identified for three adult disorders, none of them were associated with childhood disorders; and SNPs shared by all five disorders were located in regions that have been identified as containing copy number variation associated with autism and had largely neurodevelopmental functions.\u0000Conclusion. We show a number of specific SNPs associated with psychiatric disorders of childhood or adult-onset, illustrating not only genetic heterogeneity across these disorders but also developmental genes shared by them all.  These results provide a manageable list of anchors from which to investigate epigenetic mechanism or gene-gene interaction on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and for developing a measurement matrix for disease risk to potentially develop a novel taxonomy for precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":265939,"journal":{"name":"Global Clinical and Translational Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129988000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}