28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference最新文献

{"title":"The microwave power satellite: What will happen if Pandora opens the Joule box?","authors":"D. Justesen","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622585","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of dwindling supplies of fossil fuels and of mounting opposition to nuclear energy, the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is emerging as a seriously considered source of energy. Launched by rockets of terrestrial or of lunar origin, the satellite would be inserted into geosynchronous orbit, would extend giant vanes to capture sunlight that would be converted to microwaves, and would beam the microwaves to the earth's surface where they would be trapped and transformed to direct current by a massive rectifying antenna. The potential costs of the SPS system, which may result in 100 to 200 orbiting satellites early in the 21st Century, are being reticulously weighed by officials and scientists of the Department of Energy and of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The benefits of a virtually continuous supply of \"clean\" energy must be assayed against the costs of raw materials and acquisition of land, the effects of rocket-fuel effluvium on the atmosphere, the influence of the microwave beam on the ionosphere, and the potential perturbation of ecological systems by microwave fields above and at the periphery of rectifying antennae. The scope of the risk-benefit analyses transcends national boundaries; indeed, agreements on an international scale would be necessary--and could be expanded to make the SPS system a multinational venture. However, long before the launching of the first satellite, a concensus would have to be reached as to the safety and practicability of the system. Of primary concern in this, the first phase of assessing impact, re biological and ecological effects of continuouswave microwave energy at power densities that would approximate 25 mW/cm2 near the center of the rectifying antenna and would fall to microwatt levels at the perimeter of the so-called ar a of exclusion. Currently unknown, but under investigation, are the effects of continuous, long-term microwave irradiation on airborne species that may traffic across the rectifying antenna and on other species that may inhabit the environs of the exclusion area. The extant data on biological effects of microwaves are too limited to provide \"hard\" predictions on the effects of continuous radiation over decades of time, but do indicate several areas in need of clarification. Of especial concern is whether airborne birds, bats, and beneficial insects such as the bees will be able to sustain flight through microwave fields of relatively high density--or whether they will learn to avoid these fields. The allusion to Pandora in the title serves as symbolic recognition of the banes and blessings that were carried in and released from the legendary Box. One notes, too, that it was Prometheus who filled the Box, the same Prometheus who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to mankind. The solar power satellite is Pandora's Joule Box. Any attempt to steal the sun's fire would move her hand to the catch. Only by diligent exercize of caution and wisdom can we hope to sec","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A receiver feasibility study for the spread spectrum high capacity mobile radio system","authors":"D. Grybos, G. Cooper","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622517","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable theoretical work has been done on the applications of spread spectrum techniques to high capacity cellular mobile radio systems. [1], [2], [3], [4]. This theoretical work assumes a receiver structure that is mathematically convenient and does not address the problem of implementing such a receiver. The study reported on here examines a number of possible configurations and modifications of the mathematical model with respect to the feasibility of their physical implementation with advanced and state-of-the-art components. The critical component in a spread spectrum receiver employing time-frequency coded signals is a tapped delay line with a maximum delay that is twice the duration of the signal waveform. For current signal designs the maximum delay is about 600 microseconds. Both surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and charge coupled devices (CCD) are considered as possible realizations of this component. The current design limitations of both SAW devices and CCD's, as applied to the proposed application, are discussed. In addition, the extent to which the limitations of future devices will have to be improved in order to meet the requirements of a fully developed spread spectrum system is presented.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"36 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132880653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human factors simulation experiments using a prototype true motion vector display for LNG ship docking","authors":"J. Riek, J.J. Johnsen, E. Manaker","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philadelphia field tests of an overlapping signpost AVM system during the UMTA multi-user AVM program","authors":"G. Gruver","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622599","url":null,"abstract":"Field testing of an Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system employing overlapping RF signposts is described. Tests were directed toward assessing the feasibility of using the AVM system for locating both random-route and fixed-route vehicles. Emphasis is placed on describing the acquisition and analysis of location error data. The conditions under which tests were conducted in order to guarantee the integrity and objectivity of the tests are described. The results obtained prove conclusively that the overlapping signpost approach and variants thereof can meet the AVM requirements of transit, para-transit, police, etc., fleets.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124313908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified approach to vehicle follower longitudinal control system design","authors":"B. Pulk, R. Hynes","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622562","url":null,"abstract":"The longitudinal control system for a vehicle follower automated transit vehicle has the dual requirements of controlling the vehicle speed and also the spacing between vehicles. Previous attempts at designing these loops individually has resulted in a control system where the two loops are in conflict. Proposed techniques for resolving this problem have required that the loops be switched in and out depending on the control mode. A simplified control system structure with both spacing and velocity loops operating simultaneously is proposed as a solution to the vehicle follower control problem. The operating gains for these loops are based on using a subset of the gains derived by linear optimal control theory corresponding to the actual loops present. The final controller design uses gain scheduling on the spacing loop integral gain term. This system is shown to operate effectively in the presence of both large and small spacing errors.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"95 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120971485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of six commercially available AVL systems","authors":"E. Skomal","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622507","url":null,"abstract":"Technical assessments of six commercially available AVL systems have been performed. Among the system features included in the study were the positioning accuracy, the communication links, the central computer requirements for possible fleet sizes, and environmental factors such as road conditions which influence performance. For all AVL techniques, a position estimation accuracy has been performed based upon the individual features of each method. The AVL methods examined contain various error sources which have been combined in the analyses in models appropriate to each system. The instantaneous position estimation error thereby derived has been used to form a time-expanded vehicle position error which includes the effect of discontinuous sampling of vehicle data either by a vehicle-mounted position monitor or a central control station. Positioning accuracy data exist for most of the six AVL technologies. These data have been used for comparison with the analytical error models. Results of the experimental and theoretical comparisons are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127166872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AGT operating experience at Morgantown and EXPO '75 Okinawa — A report from the field","authors":"R.M. Hacker, W.D. Osmer","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622538","url":null,"abstract":"The two systems are briefly described in terms of their layouts, functional characteristics, and technical development. The operating histories of the two systems including operating statistics such as passengers carried, and mileage accumulated are discussed. Availability and reliability data for both systems are presented. This data includes availability histories, downtime duration distributions, mean time between failures and mean time to recover. A summary of the significant lessons learned from the operation of the two systems in a public environment concludes the discussion.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of in-line repeaters in leaky feeder radio systems for coal mines","authors":"D.J.R. Martin","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622544","url":null,"abstract":"Leaky feeder techniques are being used increasingly to provide radio communication with men and vehicles in mines and tunnels. A continuing study by the UK National Coal Board has devoted considerable attention to the use of line-powered repeaters in such systems to compensate for line losses as they occur. Several different ways of achieving duplex communication with simple one-way repeaters have been developed or proposed, and these are capable of providing a far more even and reliable performance than was possible with the earlier multiple-base-station operation. The engineered systems described have been developed primarily for coal mines, where considerations of intrinsic safety impose severe restrictions on line-fed power. The resulting need for highest efficiency in the repeaters overrides considerations of linearity, and the threat of intermodulation interference arises in multichannel operation. This in turn may be countered by further system techniques such as time-division-multiplexing and diversity.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125320803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future noise environment at 800 MHz","authors":"J. Stimple, P. Bocci, M. Kotzin, A. van den Heuvel","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622583","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the relatively low noise environment which currently prevails in the 800 MHz spectrum recently allocated for land mobile radio systems, it is of considerable interest to determine the extent to which this situation is likely to deteriorate as the usage of the band grows. To this end, an extensive series of measurements of both noise level and received signal levels around 450 MHz has been conducted at a typical base station repeater site in the Chicago area, and the resulting data used to estimate the future noise environment at 800 MHz when this band reaches a similar level of maturity. In order to gather the data, a specialized scanning receiver system was constructed which sequentially samples the signal level on every channel over a 4 MHz band around 456 MHz while simultaneously monitoring the noise level on two unused channels near the middle of the band. During data collection each of the channels is sampled at a 6 Hz rate for a period of approximately 30 minutes during the midday peak of activity. This data, in conjunction with analytical models to convert it to equivalent 800 MHz data, has been used to estimate the probable noise level at 800 MHz in the future.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130635475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extent and nature of television reception difficulties associated with CB radio transmissions","authors":"J. Hudak","doi":"10.1109/VTC.1978.1622552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.1978.1622552","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Communications Commission's (FCC), Field Operations Bureau (FOB) has released the results of a study on interference with television reception associated with Citizens Band Radio. The report is based on investigation of a random selection of interference complaints received by six FCC field offices -- Baltimore, Buffalo, Kansas City, Norfolk, San Francisco and Seattle -- over a one year period. These complaints were analyzed through technical measurements on the complainant's TV receiver and the CB equipment, as well as through interviews with other residents in the CB operator's neighborhood. The report is unique in that it represents \"real-life\" television interference situations rather than predictions based on laboratory data. The findings of the study are discussed in this paper in the hope that the empirical data will provide new insight as to the causes of the CB-TV interference problem and will lead to preventative actions by involved parties.","PeriodicalId":264799,"journal":{"name":"28th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"78 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128091677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}