{"title":"Energy Efficient Buffer Cache Replacement for Data Servers","authors":"Jianhui Yue, Yifeng Zhu, Zhao Cai, Lin Lin","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.49","url":null,"abstract":"Power consumption is an increasingly impressing concern for data servers as it directly affects running costs and system reliability. Prior studies have shown that most memory space on data servers is used for buffer caching and thus cache replacement becomes critical. Two conflicting factors of buffer caching impacts memory energy efficiency: (1) a higher hit rate reduces memory traffic and thus saves energy, (2) temporally concentrating memory accesses to a smaller set of memory chips increases the chances of \"free riding\" through DMA overlapping and also makes more memory chips have opportunities to power down. This paper investigates the tradeoff between these two interacting, sometimes conflicting factors and proposes three energy-aware buffer cache replacement algorithms: On a cache miss for a new block b in a file f, evict an victim block from (1)the most recently accessed memory chip, (2) the memory chip that is accessed most recently by file f, or (3) the memory chip that is accessed most recently by file f and whose last access block belongs to the same hot or cold categories as block b. Simulation results based on three real-world I/O traces, including TPC-R, MSN-BEFS and Exchange, show that our algorithms can save up to 24.9% energy with marginal degradation in hit rates. Our algorithms show degradation in response time in some experiments. We propose an off-line energy sub optimal replacement algorithm that serves as a theortical reference.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134060138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Entropy to Classify Traffic More Deeply","authors":"Yipeng Wang, Zhibin Zhang, Li Guo, Shuhao Li","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.18","url":null,"abstract":"The network community always pays its attention to find better methods for traffic classification, which is crucial for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to provide better QoS for users. Prior works on traffic classification mainly focus their attentions on dividing Internet traffic into different categories based on application layer protocols (such as HTTP, Bit Torrent etc.). Making traffic classification from another point of view, we divide Internet traffic into different content types. Our technology is an attempt to solve the classification problem of network traffic, which contains unknown and proprietary protocols (i.e., no publicly available protocol specification). In this paper, we design a classifier which can distinguish Internet traffic into different content types using machine learning techniques. Features of our classifier are entropy of consecutive bytes and frequencies of characters. Our method is capable of classifying real-world traces into different content types (including Text, Picture, Audio, Video, Compressed, Base 64-encoded image, Base 64-encoded text and Encrypted). The chief features of our classifier are small computing space (about 1K Bytes) and high classification accuracy (about 81%).","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129594658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Integrated System Solution for Secure P2P Content Distribution Based on Network Coding","authors":"Heng He, Ruixuan Li, Guoqiang Gao, Zhiyong Xu, Weijun Xiao","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.47","url":null,"abstract":"Network coding has been demonstrated to be able to improve the performance of P2P content distribution. However, it is vulnerable to pollution attacks, leading to substantial performance degradation. Moreover, existing corruption detection schemes for network coding are not applied well to P2P systems. More efficient scheme based on attacker identification is required to thwart such attacks. In this paper, we propose an integrated system solution for secure P2P content distribution based on network coding, referred to as ISNC. In ISNC, we first design our system architecture based on extended uniform bipartite networks that can achieve high throughput with network coding. Based on the architecture, we present a secure network coding signature scheme and an identity-based malicious peer identification scheme. The two schemes can cooperate to thwart pollution attacks effectively in P2P network, not only detecting corrupted blocks, but also identifying all the malicious peers. Simulation results show that ISNC can effectively limit the pollution spread and identify malicious peers quickly, even when they collude to launch attacks. Compared with existing related schemes, ISNC is especially applicable for P2P content distribution, and can achieve both high security and overall efficiency.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Modified TAM to Privacy Setting Tools on SNS","authors":"Yuxuan Bao, Xueping Wang, Da Deng","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.40","url":null,"abstract":"The technology acceptance model (TAM) proposes that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use can predict that whether an information technology will be accepted and used by people. In this research, we were trying to find out dominant factors which could be predictors to the usage of privacy setting tools on Social Networking Sites (SNS) based on TAM. We used a modified TAM to take usefulness antecedents and ease of use antecedents into consideration. 266 subjects responded to a survey about their feelings when using privacy setting tools based on Renren, a widely used SNS in China. The results support TAM. They also demonstrate that four factors -- ease of understanding, ease of finding, reject undesirable contact and control access to one's profile have significant effect on people's acceptance and usage of privacy setting tools on SNS. The results could help developers and managers of SNS to better understand which factors can impact users' decisions on accepting and using privacy setting tools on SNS.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115681935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance and Power Analysis of ATI GPU: A Statistical Approach","authors":"Ying Zhang, Yue Hu, Bin Li, Lu Peng","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.51","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive study on the performance and power consumption of a recent ATI GPU. By employing a rigorous statistical model to analyze execution behaviors of representative general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) applications, we conduct insightful investigations on the target GPU architecture. Our results demonstrate that the GPU execution throughput and the power dissipation are dependent on different architectural variables. Furthermore, we design a set of micro-benchmarks to study the power consumption features of different function units on the GPU. Based on those results, we derive instructive principles that can guide the design of power-efficient high performance computing systems.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Error Detection by Redundant Transaction in Transactional Memory System","authors":"Wei Song, Jia Jia, Yuanxi Peng","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the issue of error detection in transactional memory, and proposes a new method of error detection based on redundant transaction (EDRT). This method creates a transaction copy for every transaction, and executes both original transactions and transaction copies on adequate processor cores, and achieves error detection by comparing the execution results. EDRT utilizes the data-versioning mechanism of transactional memory to achieve the acquisition of an approximate minimum error detection comparing data set, and the acquisition is transparent and online. At last, this paper validates the EDRT through 5 test programs, including 4 SPLASH-2 benchmarks. The experimental results show that, the average error detecting cost is about 3.68% relative to the whole program, and it's only about 12.07% relative to the transaction parts of the program.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117002693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TMTLS: Combine TM with TLS to Limit the Memory Contentions and Exploit the Parallelism in the Long-Running Transactions","authors":"Zhichao Yan, D. Feng, Yujuan Tan","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.35","url":null,"abstract":"As more threads added to execute the multi-threaded applications in the many-core era, memory contentions among different threads impose a severe challenge to both the programmability and performance. Existing studies show that Transactional Memory (TM) is able to solve the programmability problem and scale well on the fine-grained applications in the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. As more investigations on the coarse-grained applications in the STAMP benchmark suite, the long-running transactions block the parallelism among the concurrent transactions and failed to obtain the performance returns when the number of threads is beyond 4. In order to address this problem, we propose TMTLS, which combines TM with Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) to limit the number of concurrent executing transactions due to the memory contention in the runtime, divides the coarse-grained transactions into several epochs and assigns them to the available threads to speculatively exploit the parallelism in the coarse-grained transactions. This proposal not only alleviates the memory contention among the threads but also shortens the execution period of the coarse-grained transactions. Moreover, it further reduces the serializing overheads due to the transactional conflicts among the transactions. Our evaluation show this method achieves an average speedup of 2.27 over the baseline TM system under the 4 high-contention and coarse-grained applications selected from the STAMP benchmark suite on a 16-core CMP.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123800262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Difference of Power-Aware Cluster Schedulers","authors":"Xiaohua Meng, Yang Hu, Yuhui Deng","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.48","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency has become one of the most important challenges in designing large-scale clusters due to the commercialized computer components. Traditionally, load balancers are employed by clusters to improve system performance and scalability. However, those balancers do not consider the energy used by the clusters. A power-aware cluster scheduler has been proposed in the community by concentrating the workloads to a few nodes, and turning off those nodes which do not have workloads. By augmenting the traditional cluster schedulers with power management, this paper explores the impacts of power management on the different cluster schedulers. Real traces are used to evaluate the impacts. Though the cluster schedulers are significantly different, from a power standpoint, we only observed slight difference of different cluster schedulers.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131737270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Brinkmann, Yan Gao, M. Korzeniowski, Dirk Meister
{"title":"Request Load Balancing for Highly Skewed Traffic in P2P Networks","authors":"A. Brinkmann, Yan Gao, M. Korzeniowski, Dirk Meister","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.25","url":null,"abstract":"Request balancing is an important issue in P2P networks, as requests or accesses are typically not distributed evenly among the items. Some of the items may account for a large ratio of the overall requests, e.g., in case of extremely popular videos. In this paper, we present a combination of two approaches to overcome an uneven request distribution even if there is highly skewed traffic. These approaches, in combination with a new local routing scheme on the skewCCC network, are able to balance a skewCCC network by a factor of O(logN) faster than commonly used load balancing schemes.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131023821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard van Heuven van Staereling, Raja Appuswamy, D. V. Moolenbroek, A. Tanenbaum
{"title":"Efficient, Modular Metadata Management with Loris","authors":"Richard van Heuven van Staereling, Raja Appuswamy, D. V. Moolenbroek, A. Tanenbaum","doi":"10.1109/NAS.2011.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAS.2011.32","url":null,"abstract":"With the amount of data increasing at an alarming rate, domain-specific user-level metadata management systems have emerged in several application areas to compensate for the shortcomings of file systems. Such systems provide domain-specific storage formats for performance-optimized metadata storage, search-based access interfaces for enabling declarative queries, and type-specific indexing structures for performing scalable search over metadata. In this paper, we highlight several issues that plague these user-level systems. We then show how integrating metadata management into the Loris stack solves all these problems by design. In doing so, we show how the Loris stack provides a modular framework for implementing domain-specific solutions by presenting the design of our own Loris-based metadata management system that provides 1) LSM-tree-based metadata storage, 2) an indexing infrastructure that uses LSM-trees for maintaining real-time attribute indices, and 3) scalable metadata querying using an attribute-based query language.","PeriodicalId":263887,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}