{"title":"Secularism Orientations","authors":"E. Leach, Jonathan S. Gore","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10735","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There has been extensive research conducted on religious orientations, but less so of secularism orientations. We sought to examine several ways that secularist beliefs connect and compare. \u0000Methods: Undergraduate students in introductory psychology classes (n = 397) completed an online questionnaire assessing their secularist beliefs, religious orientations, and psychological well-being. \u0000Results: An exploratory factor analysis yielded four types of secularism orientations: Faith in Humans, Faith in Law, Faith and Science, and Faith in Paranormal. These four factors then distinctly correlated with religious orientations and subcomponents of well-being. \u0000Conclusions: Identifying secular belief systems and their implications is key to understanding the consequences of the Western decline in religious practice. These preliminary data provide insights into their types and benefits for psychological functioning.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132865221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Knepple Carney, Nicole Belanger, Vanessa Hillman, Julie Patrick
{"title":"Personality Traits Predict Proximal Goals Among Emerging Adults","authors":"Amy Knepple Carney, Nicole Belanger, Vanessa Hillman, Julie Patrick","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10734","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Individuals often grapple with questions regarding how to accomplish their major life goals. In fact, selecting which goals to pursue is an important developmental task in emerging adulthood 1. Personality traits have been shown to be associated with which major life goals adults pursue 2. Little research, though, has examined whether these associations are present among the proximal goals emerging adults pursue.\u0000Methods: The influence of personality traits on goal pursuit of emerging adults was examined, using data from 716 emerging adults (M = 19.32, SD = 1.25) who completed measures regarding proximal goals (e.g., health, socioemotional, spiritual/religious, and cognitive) and the Big Five personality traits.\u0000Results: Using SEM, the model fit the data well, χ2 (17, N = 716) = 99.10, p < .001. The overall omnibus model showed that higher neuroticism, openness to experience, and agreeableness contributed to the number of proximal goals emerging adults are currently pursuing. Post hoc analyses showed that different personality traits contributed to the goal domains that emerging adults pursue.\u0000Conclusions: Personality may be a factor that enhances or undermines the motivation for the goals that emerging adults pursue 3, 4. Results are discussed in terms of how individual characteristics influence goal pursuit and how such activity might reinforce or further shape personality.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128466464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive and Affective Influences on Decision Quality","authors":"Michael. Clark, Julie Hicks Patrick","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10723","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognitive and affective factors influence decision outcomes, but few studies have examined both factors simultaneously. Study 1 used cluster analysis to test whether affective profiles related to decision domains could be identified as individual difference factors. Study 2 extended these findings to test whether such profiles can predict decision quality.\u0000Methods: We analyzed importance and meaningfulness ratings from 1123 adults regarding four low-frequency but high-salience decisions. Profile analyses revealed three meaningful profiles. A subset (n = 56) of adults completed quasi-experimental decision tasks in two of these domains.\u0000Results: Hierarchical regression examined the contributions of the affective cluster from Study 1 and executive functions to decision quality. We first regressed decision quality onto an index of executive function (F (1, 53) = 4.57, p = .037). At Step 2, affective cluster accounted for an additional 12.5% of the variance in decision quality, Fchange (2, 51) = 4.01, p = .024. The overall model retained its significance, F (3, 51) = 4.37, p = .008, R2 = .205. \u0000Conclusions: Together, Study 1 and 2 demonstrate that affective components related to the decision domain can be used as individual difference factors and that these account for unique variance in decision outcomes.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125471449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Dynamics: Additive or Multiplicative?","authors":"M. J. Amon, Colin Annand, J. Holden","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10726","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cognition is assumed to rely on distinct and additive substages such as perceptual encoding, memory, and motor control. Nevertheless, questions surrounding the assumptions of modularity and additivity persist. If a stable cognitive architecture exists, then repeatedly executing the same cognitive act should repeatedly engage the self-same structure. If discreet sub-acts behave in a manner consistent with a sum of independent random variables, then the assumption of additive and modular cognitive processes is reasonable. However, if they develop dependencies, then the assumption of additivity and modularity in cognition should be questioned.\u0000Methods: The study required participants (N = 180) to successively execute identical elementary cognitive acts in a stacked 1-word, 2-word, and 4-word lexical decision task. Correct response time was the primary dependent measure.\u0000Results: Statistical analyses revealed evidence for additivity in mean response time after a logarithmic transformation (r2 = .81, p < .05 & r2 = .74, p < .05). This pattern is consistent with multiplicative dynamics.\u0000Conclusions: The results indicate that variance grows multiplicatively as a function of the number of sub-acts. A straightforward way to generate this pattern of variability growth is to assume the sub-acts develop successive dependencies and combine multiplicatively.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations for Reporting Positive or Negative Findings in Psychology and Behavioral Research","authors":"Daniel W. M. Maitland, Gabriel Sanders","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2021.10724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2021.10724","url":null,"abstract":"About Research Directs in Psychology and BehaviorResearch Directs aims to provide authors at research and non-research institutions with an open access platform for scientific discovery that reduces cost barriers associated with traditional open access publishers. Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior (RDPB) has a moderately broad scope and the journal aims to enhance negative and positive findings1 in the psychology and behavioral sciences. Topics can include, but are not limited to the following categories: behavioral, clinical, industrial, forensic and environmental psychology, mental health, addictions, counseling, psychiatric treatment and outcomes and many more topics in the field.\u0000Unique to Research Directs is a manuscript type called Direct Original Research. This is a manuscript type designed to provide authors with a direct way to publish various types of data that avoids excessive citations and unnecessary jargon that may disrupt the promptness of peer-review. As always, quality is paramount in research and haste in today’s fast-paced global environment is becoming imperative for scientific advancement. A Direct Original Research is the same as original research, but written in a concise manner with the goal of providing direct and citable research.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116706530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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