Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior最新文献

Body Image, Self-Objectification, and Appearance Maintenance Among College-Aged Women 大学年龄女性的身体意象、自我物化与外貌维持

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10770

Grace White, C. Piercey, Alejandra Medina Fernandez

{"title":"Body Image, Self-Objectification, and Appearance Maintenance Among College-Aged Women","authors":"Grace White, C. Piercey, Alejandra Medina Fernandez","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2023.10770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2023.10770","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Perceptions about one’s body can have a significant impact on social activities, quality of life, and overall psychological well-being. Women by far bear the brunt of negative psychological outcomes associated with poor body image. Little is known about the investment in appearance maintenance behaviors that women may engage to attain an idealized body standard. The current study investigated the connection between self-objectification, body image, and the time and money women invest in their appearance. \u0000Methods: 450 college-aged (M= 20.23) women completed an online survey that assessed self-objectification, body image, and appearance maintenance (e.g., non-hygienic grooming) behaviors.\u0000Results: Higher self-objectification scores were significantly correlated with body dissatisfaction (r = .41, p < .001). Self-objectification was also correlated with the amount of time (r = .17, p < .001) and money (r = .21, p < .001) that women invested in grooming. These associations suggest that women who engage in self-objectification tend to spend more time and money on appearance. There was also a significant association between grooming and body dysphoria (r = .11, p = .039).\u0000Conclusions: Overall, these findings provide initial support that women who self-objectify invest more time and money in their appearance and tend to have fewer positive feelings towards their bodies.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122219900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining Injury-Related Differences in Motivation Sources in NCAA Division II Student-Athletes during COVID-19 在COVID-19期间，NCAA II级学生运动员在动力来源方面的损伤相关差异

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10768

Mindy H. Mayol, Claire Tabit, Sydney Irvine, L. Hunter Stafford, Riggs Klika, Gary M. Long, Nathanial R. Eckert, Richard Robinson, Brian Reagan, Trent E. Cayot

{"title":"Examining Injury-Related Differences in Motivation Sources in NCAA Division II Student-Athletes during COVID-19","authors":"Mindy H. Mayol, Claire Tabit, Sydney Irvine, L. Hunter Stafford, Riggs Klika, Gary M. Long, Nathanial R. Eckert, Richard Robinson, Brian Reagan, Trent E. Cayot","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2023.10768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2023.10768","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Few studies have explored motivation using the Self-Determination Theory in injured collegiate student-athletes (SAs). The purpose of this research was to assess differences in six motivation sources during the COVID-19 pandemic between SAs who experienced an injury versus those that did not. It was hypothesized that differences would be seen in intrinsic-based motivation between injured and non-injured SAs with non-injured SAs demonstrating higher intrinsic motivation.\u0000Methods: NCAA Division II SAs (n=158) from 12 teams composed of injured (n=66) and non-injured (n=92) SAs were recruited to complete an online demographics/historical questionnaire and the 18-item Sport Motivation Scale II measuring six motivation sources at one time point: intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, external, and amotivation regulation/motivation. Independent samples t-tests were performed with an alpha level of p≤0.05 to examine differences for each motivation source.\u0000Results: No significant differences were observed between injured and non-injured SAs among the six motivation sources, respectively (p>0.05). Specifically, no intrinsic motivation differences were observed between the injured (15.89±3.88) and non-injured SAs (16.22±3.68, t(154)=-0.53, p=0.60).\u0000Conclusions: Study findings suggested no difference between the SA groups indicating that the collegiate athletics professionals worked diligently and equally with injured and non-injured SA’s motivation and care during the pandemic. ","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116144401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictors of Fear of Dementia Among Adults 成人对痴呆症恐惧的预测因素

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10767

Amber V. Rusch, Julie Hicks Patrick

引用次数: 0

The Current Understanding of Fathers Influence on Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Development in Adolescence: A Brief Review 父亲对青少年心脏代谢危险因素发展的影响:综述

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10754

Phoenix Jampol, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Andrew R. Gallucci, Jeffrey S. Forsse

{"title":"The Current Understanding of Fathers Influence on Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Development in Adolescence: A Brief Review","authors":"Phoenix Jampol, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Andrew R. Gallucci, Jeffrey S. Forsse","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2023.10754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2023.10754","url":null,"abstract":"The influence that parents and caregivers have on childhood development is understood and validated. Current research is focused on psychological, social, physical, and spiritual health. Though, in recent years, the early development of cardiometabolic diseases has increased among younger individuals at earlier time periods. The full extent behind the rapid development of these diseases remains unclear. Therefore, the specific influence that each parent or guardian potentially has on future cardiometabolic health development in children and adolescence is an area of growing interest. Significant research has been performed to conclude that the mother has a crucial role in proper childhood development. However, there is limited amount of published research that has isolated the specific role that fathers have on future physiological health outcomes in relation to cardiometabolic health. Thus, the focus of this brief literature review was to ascertain the current influence that a paternal parent has on cardiometabolic health development throughout childhood and adolescence. The results of the review are limited to studies focused on physical growth, nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. For many of the studies, the father’s role was assessed as a secondary or tertiary variable, and not as a primary factor or outcome. Based on the scarce amount of literature involving the father’s role in influencing cardiometabolic health outcomes, a clear consensus cannot be fully ascertained, and future research into this area is severely needed. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Rural College Students’ Experiences with Ethnic Foods 农村大学生民族食品体验的混合方法探索

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10753

M. Kalantzis, Emma I Studer-Perez, Lauren A. Dial, Cjersti J. Jensen, D. Musher-Eizenman

{"title":"A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Rural College Students’ Experiences with Ethnic Foods","authors":"M. Kalantzis, Emma I Studer-Perez, Lauren A. Dial, Cjersti J. Jensen, D. Musher-Eizenman","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2023.10753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2023.10753","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: While research about multiculturalism has been conducted in urban institutions, little is known about students from predominately white institutions (PWIs) experiences with multicultural opportunities, such as experiences with ethnic foods. This study aimed to qualitatively capture rural college students’ salient experiences with ethnic food.\u0000Methods: College students were asked to respond to two open-ended questions regarding a salient experience with an ethnic food, as well as how their ethnicity plays a role in their food choices. Responses to these questions were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Initial codes were created by two authors separately and then compared to assess for congruency.\u0000Results: Three themes were identified from students’ responses. First, students often described the authenticity of their ethnic food experiences, which were defined as experiences that were undisputedly created, marketed, or sold by members of that ethnicity/culture. Secondly, most students clearly conveyed affect when describing their experiences as either positive or negative. Finally, most students specifically mentioned the ethnicity or culture that was associated with the food experience.\u0000Conclusions: Overall, most students described authentic and positive ethnic food experiences. This study provides qualitative insight into how one’s homogeneous background/educational environment can impact perceptions and experiences with ethnic foods.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Bodyweight During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study COVID-19大流行期间手机使用、身体活动、久坐行为和体重:一项横断面研究

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2023.10752

Ryan Wiet, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley

{"title":"Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Bodyweight During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ryan Wiet, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2023.10752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2023.10752","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cell phone use is associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. These relationships have not been assessed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed the potential effects of pandemic-related restrictions on cell phone use and the possible relationship of altered cell phone use to physical activity, sedentary behavior, and bodyweight. \u0000Methods: Participants (N = 307) completed a survey assessing cell phone use, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and bodyweight before and after pandemic restrictions were implemented.\u0000Results: Most participants reported increased cell phone use (χ2 = 61.50, p < 0.001). Participants increased sitting by 10 hours/week (F = 25.63, p < 0.001). Those that increased cell phone use reported greater increases in daily sitting (11.65 hours/week, F = 4.14, p = 0.04) than those that did not increase cell use (5.0 hours/week). There was also an increase (F = 10.08, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.04) in reported bodyweight regardless of cell phone use. Physical activity did not change (F ≤ 1.58, p ≥ 0.21).\u0000Conclusions: During the pandemic individuals reported increased cell use, sedentary behavior, and bodyweight. Those that reported increased cell use reported greater increases in sitting than those not increasing cell use.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Negative Relationship Between Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Total Smartphone Usage 客观评估的体力活动与智能手机总使用量之间的负相关关系

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2022.10747

Jessica Smith-Ricketts, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley

{"title":"The Negative Relationship Between Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Total Smartphone Usage","authors":"Jessica Smith-Ricketts, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10747","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Existing evidence supports a positive relationship between smartphone use and sedentary behavior (i.e., high smartphone use is associated with high sitting). While evidence supports that smartphone use during physical activity reduces intensity, the relationship between daily smartphone use and daily physical activity is equivocal. Prior research assessing these relationships has relied on self-report survey instruments. The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between minutes of smartphone use and physical activity (steps) using objective measures.\u0000Methods: College-aged individuals (N = 50) completed a brief survey assessing daily screen time (min) and daily steps for the previous 10-days. This data was obtained from participants’ smartphone applications (e.g., “Health” and “Screen Time” apps) and the relationship was assessed.\u0000Results: There was a near moderate effect size for a negative correlation between average smartphone use and steps (r = -0.25). Mixed model regression indicated that this relationship was significant (F = 3.65, p = 0.00019).\u0000Conclusions: The results differ from prior research which has not reported a significant relationship between smartphone use and physical activity when using self-reported survey instruments. This difference highlights the need for additional research employing objective measures when assessing relationships between smartphone use and health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121895819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Impact of Emotional Self-Regulation on Performative Success for Professional Fighters 职业拳手情绪自我调节对表演成功的影响

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2022.10742

Jordan Kwamanakweenda, J. Pino, Olivier Van Hauwermeiren, C. Peacock, J. Tartar, Alexandru Cuc

{"title":"The Impact of Emotional Self-Regulation on Performative Success for Professional Fighters","authors":"Jordan Kwamanakweenda, J. Pino, Olivier Van Hauwermeiren, C. Peacock, J. Tartar, Alexandru Cuc","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10742","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Emotional self-regulation has been determined to be an important factor regarding outcomes for athletes. Previous research has examined strategies athletes use to regulate their emotions and their motivations for doing so. However, little research has examined how professional fighters utilize emotional self-regulation strategies and their impact on performance. Fighters have been perceived as aggressive and impulsive; hence it is important to examine how they regulate their emotions. The present study investigates the association of emotional self-regulation in professional fighters versus college-aged male nonfighters. The study also evaluates the relationship between emotional self-regulation and winning percentages in professional fighters.\u0000Methods: The study used a sample of professional male fighters (n = 36) and college-aged nonfighters (n = 29). Participants completed measures examining difficulties with emotional self-regulation amongst other measures.\u0000Results: Despite no differences with professional fighters and the comparison group, difficulties with emotion regulation were negatively correlated with winning percentages (DERS-18 total scores p = .003; Awareness p = .036; Goals p = .005, and Nonacceptance p = .005). Findings also suggest significant differences (p ≤ .05) for professional fighters based upon promotion, concussions, and education level.\u0000Conclusions: These findings may contribute to understanding how emotional self-regulation factors into professional fighters’ performative success. ","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133955902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracking 30-Day Physical Activity Behavior with Wearable Fitness Trackers in College-Aged Adults 用可穿戴健身追踪器追踪大学年龄成年人30天的体育活动行为

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2022.10736

Kelsi J. Becker, Breanne Freese, Mason Howard, Olivia Cooper

{"title":"Tracking 30-Day Physical Activity Behavior with Wearable Fitness Trackers in College-Aged Adults","authors":"Kelsi J. Becker, Breanne Freese, Mason Howard, Olivia Cooper","doi":"10.53520/rdpb2022.10736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdpb2022.10736","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Consumer grade, wrist-worn wearable fitness trackers (WFT) are commonly worn on a daily basis by college-aged adults. Objectively assessing college-aged adults physical activity throughout a 30-day period has not been well documented to accurately assess physical activity behavior.\u0000Methods: Fifteen college-aged participants (male n=7 and female n=9), completed the 30-day tracking assessment while wearing a wrist-worn WFT. The WFT was worn on the non-dominant hand, per manufacture guidelines and was to only be removed to charge the battery, at night during sleeping hours.\u0000Results: Throughout the 30 days, males accumulated more steps, expended more calories, and traveled a greater distance than their female counterparts, p < 0.005 for all. There were no main effects for step counts, daily caloric expenditure and daily total distance for days of the week (p ≥ 0.128 for all). However, there was a significant sex by day of the week interaction for daily steps (p = 0.005), but not total calories or total distance (p ≥ 0.096).\u0000Conclusions: Males were more active and expended more calories than females throughout 30 days of monitoring. However, the day of the week did not significantly alter physical activity and caloric expenditure.","PeriodicalId":263608,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131266161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory for Gaze Cues Can Attenuate Change Blindness in the Flicker Paradigm 注视线索记忆可以减弱闪烁范式下的变化盲视

Research Directs in Psychology and Behavior Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.53520/rdpb2022.10740

Alexis Miller, Joshua Tolliver, A. Varakin

引用次数: 0