Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Bridge Safety Dangers - Fatigue Cracks, Brittle Failures and Grit Blasting","authors":"R. Leishear","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue failures in bridges have been extensively studied for decades, and experimental data was applied to create fatigue curves to be used for bridge designs, however, new research questions the validity of these curves with respect to safe bridge design. Specifically, grit blasting for coating adherence creates surface damage in the form of sharp indentations and peaks over entire steel surfaces. These imperfections act as stress raisers that accelerate bridge failures by reducing the number of cycles to failure and the stresses required to cause failure. Strong differences of opinion exist with respect to this complex issue. This author believes that there is a significant threat to bridge safety, while other authors believe that there is no safety threat at all. The goal of this article is to effectively refute opinions which claim that bridge safety is adequate. To do so, a thorough review of earlier publications is combined with new developments on grit blasting fatigue. Bridge safety is questionable since bridge design requirements in the form of fatigue curves are questionable. There is limited information, one way or the other, to prove the full extent of grit blasting effects on steel bridge fatigue failures, and this paper fosters an understanding of this dangerous threat. Available results clearly prove that bridge fatigue properties are reduced by grit blasting, which in turn reduces the safety of design practices for bridges. An open and unknown question exists, what is the complete extent of grit blasting effects on large structures? That is, bridge failure mechanisms are not fully understood, there are uncertain risks with respect to bridge fatigue damages, and a paramount risk concerns grit blasting. Unknown grit blasting safety effects cannot be dismissed. Moreover, evolving facts prove that the inherent dangers in bridge design practices must be addressed and resolved. Specifically, bridge design curves account for repeated loads on bridges caused by traffic, and further research is mandatory to ensure the validity of these curves, which are shown to be inadequate by this innovative research. A resistance to new ideas serves as an unacceptable reason to curtail technology that will improve bridge safety.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133487245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction","authors":"Owo Awajigbana Tugwell","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210602.11","url":null,"abstract":"This research concerned itself with the comparative analysis of compaction of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand for road construction in swampy regions. Sieve analysis and compaction (moisture-density relationship) tests were conducted on the offshore sand sample to compare the compaction efforts of the two materials for road subbase filling. Based on the results of the tests carried out, the offshore sand sample was found to belong to the A-2 group and falls within Grading Zone 2. The results of dry density against cement content as well as optimum moisture content against cement content shows that compaction of the offshore sand is poor with values of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content obtained as 1.755g/cm3 and 11.67% respectively. After 4% Cement Content stabilization, the values increased to 1.935g/cm3 and 12.21% respectively. At 6% Cement Content stabilization, the value of Maximum Dry Density increased to 1.948g/cm3 while the Optimum Moisture Content dropped to 8.77%. At 8% cement content stabilization, the values obtained were 1.967g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 10.40% for optimum moisture content. At 10% cement content, the results were 1.982g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 12.25% for optimum moisture content. Upon increasing cement content to 12%, the values obtained became 2.027g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 9.76% for optimum moisture content. It follows therefore that increasing cement contents yielded increase in compaction of the offshore sand sample. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve its engineering property of compaction for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation of Plastifying and Fluxing Wastes of Plastics and Eggshell Powder in Manufacture of Eco-Friendly Floor Tiles","authors":"A. Safiki, T. Joseph, O. Thomas, Bazairwe Annette","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the possibility of utilizing polypropylene plastics and eggshell wastes in the manufacture of eco-friendly floor tiles. Therefore, the research is part of the ongoing hunt for establishing sustainable alternatives for disposing off plastic and eggshell wastes around the globe. In this study polypropylene plastic wastes (PPW) are melted and used as a binder to eggshell powder (ESP) acting as a flux in the matrix. These are combined with fine aggregates. Three ternary mixes of PPW-ESP-Sand are made in the proportions of 50–0–50%, 55–10–35%, and 60–20–20%. Thirty six sample tiles of size 250 mm x 250 mm x 8 mm are cast. The physical properties of PPW, ESP, and sand are first established. Then, the effect of this PPW and ESP on the flexural strength, impact resistance, density, and water absorption of floor tiles made are investigated. Specifically, the bulk density of PPW, ESP and sand were 370, 1280, and 1700 Kg/m3 and specific gravities were 0.93, 2.54, and 2.64 respectively. Meanwhile, PPW–ESP–Sand mix of 60-20-20% had the lowest water absorption at 0.15% and also the lowest density of 1570Kg/m3, and the highest modulus of rupture of 11.7kN/mm2 compared to conventional ceramic tile at 3.9KN/mm2. The tile manufactured from the mix of 60-20-20% also exhibited the highest resistance to impact damage although all samples had a coefficient of restitution (e=0). In conclusion, the study presents a novel finding of combining two wastes replacing conventional non-renewable resources of clay and feldspar to produce eco-friendly tiles. Therefore, implementing the findings will facilitate achieving United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG), i.e. goal 12 of responsible consumption and production.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability and Utilization Study on Waste Plastic Brick as Alternative Construction Material","authors":"Tarekegn Belay Wendimu, Beneyam Neguse Furgasa, Bonsa Mohammed Hajji","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.12","url":null,"abstract":"Construction industry is gradually increasing through the whole of the world and it is consuming natural resource raw materials for construction materials. Traditional way of producing clay brick without giving care for natural resource brought deficiency of natural resource. Now the days, plastics waste is the big challenge of the world on Environmental impacts and Alternative using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste Brick for construction material is preventing environmental impact of plastic and in other hand saving natural resources clay soil. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste was collected from different sites it was thrown and before producing waste plastic Brick High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is cleaned, and the size is minimized as it was suitable for plastic waste Brick. After that Plastic waste Bricks were produced for different Tests. five sample of plastic waste Bricks were produced for compressive strength test. Mean Compressive strength of Plastic waste Brick was 24MPa which is satisfied as per Ethiopian and ASTM standard Class A and SW grade respectively and for dimensional tolerance test, ten waste plastic Brick were taken to check dimensional change. Waste plastic Brick checked for dimensional tolerance were the same with the standard dimension as per ASTM standard. Plastic Waste Brick is not recommended for kitchen, chimney and like walling Purpose due to it has low fire resistant and melted at low temperature.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Rainfall, Streamflow and Reservoir Level Trends for Malewa River Catchment, Naivasha, Kenya","authors":"E. W. Nyokabi, R. Wambua, R. Okwany","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20210601.11","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate water quality and quantity are critical problem greatly affecting significant proportion of the population particularly those living in semi-arid and arid areas. Rainfall characteristics, streamflow and reservoir levels are some of the key hydro-meteorological variables within a catchment in the determination of sufficiency of water quantity. Lake Naivasha reservoir level continues to be hit by anthropogenic stressors such as loss of wetlands, water abstraction and eutrophication. Also there has been a lot of fluctuation in flow discharge of Malewa River over the years where the tributaries (Turasha and Karati streams) usually dries up during dry season. This paper presents the results of a research to assess the time series trends of rainfall, streamflow and lake basin levels data in the catchment from 1980-2018 using Mann-Kendall trend test to assess water quantity status. Monthly stream flow, rainfall and reservoir level data in the catchment were obtained from Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA) and Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) for the years 1980-2018. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall rank statistics test was used to examine the trend components of hydro-meteorological variables. The P-values were used to test whether the null hypotheses were statistically significant (α<0.05) at a 5% level of significance. Rainfall values had an increasing trend from 2011 onwards but not statistically significant while annual streamflow values had no trend as P-value showed weak evidences to rejected the null hypothesis. Reservoir level had an upward trend in years 1981, 2001, 2003, 2012 and 2018 while downward trends in 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1987, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2014. From 2010 onwards, in monthly data, there have been upward water levels in the lake as shown by the trend. These show that the hydro-meteorological indicators in the catchment are independently trending, therefore some other factors such as land cover changes or climate changes were adversely affecting the hydrological cycle. These findings are helpful for planning and management in water resource systems such as forecasting water distribution and mitigate flood and drought.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Properties of Nagar Parkar Plutonic & Volcanic Rocks as a Construction Aggregates, District Tharparkar, Sindh Province Pakistan","authors":"M. A. Pathan, Maryam Maira Pathan","doi":"10.17352/2455-488x.000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-488x.000035","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to study the important engineering properties of the volcanic rocks present with the Nagar Parkar Granites located from Sindh University Campus Jamshoro 5h 44 min (355.3 km) via Hyderabad - Badin Road and 5h 57 min (323.5 km) via Naukot - Mithi Road and Islamkot, the rocks look suitable for pavement and concrete aggregates.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129724543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamic Analysis of Municipal Pipeline Under Shield Tunneling Construction Based on the ABAQUS Software","authors":"Ren Yanrong, Chen Peipei","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190406.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190406.11","url":null,"abstract":"Shield tunneling construction is the modern popular used model in underground pipelines. In this paper, finite numerical method based on ABAQUS software has been used to simulate the effect of shied tunneling construction on the underground pipelines, the effect between the pipeline and soil interface had been considered, the dynamic effect and response have been simulated for underground pipelines. Numerical results show that the tunnel depth, propelling force, pipe’s diameter and pipe’s depth have greater influence on the pipeline’s displacement. The rules and conclusions drawn in the paper can provide reference for the pipeline protection in similar projects in the future.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Double-arm Rock Drilling Car for Full Face Tunnelling","authors":"Hongli Wang, W. Bao, Xiantang Zhang, Wang Shuyue, Cheng Wenquan, Lixin Song","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190404.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190404.12","url":null,"abstract":"Blasting excavation is widely used in coal mine roadway excavation, its construction method is flexible, convenient, low cost and adaptable. It can excavate mine tunnels of any shape and length under any environmental conditions. However, the main rock drilling equipment used in the mine is pneumatic rock drilling equipment generally. Although these equipment are simple and reliable, their drilling efficiency is low, the degree of automation is poor, and the working conditions are bad, especially the ability to drill deep holes and large holes is poor, which can not meet the needs of large structural parameters mining method. The newly developed double-arm rock drilling rig for full-face roadway excavation is suitable for the current common construction method of roadway blasting driving. It can replace the traditional pneumatic rock drilling equipment, and drill large holes and small holes simultaneously. It fully meets the requirements of blasting technology. It can not only drill and excavate holes, but also drill roof, side wall and floor bolts holes, to achieve high and low position of drilling operations, for improving the efficiency of roadway excavation, promoting the level of coal mine machinery and equipment in China, these have important practical significance.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122253115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falling Weight Deflectometer Analysis of Low Volume Roads","authors":"S. Harle, P. S. Pajgade","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190404.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190404.11","url":null,"abstract":"The work was carried out on the village roads where the traffic intensity is very low. The roads should be constructed as durable and with minimum construction cost without affecting the strength. Therefore the experiments were carried out on different types of roads. The experiments can be performed in the laboratory but that is not sufficient and therefore the tests should also be performed on the actual constructed pavement patches. The non destructive test is the best way to check the parameters responsible for the effectiveness of pavement. The non destructive testing machines like ground penetrating radar (GPR) and falling weight deflectometer is used to assess different parameters of pavements. The subgrade moduli is also compared with the help of these machines. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) was carried out on the plastic cell filled concrete block pavement (PCCBP), Geocell filled concrete concrete block pavement (GCCBP) and grouted macadam (GM). The deflection, modulus of elasticity, strain, thickness calculation, area, RRS were calculated through this test by the back calculation. From this observation it is found that the geocell filled concrete block pavement performed well as compared to the other pavements in terms of the calculated parameter. The deflection was more in the grouted macadam when compared with the PCCBP and GCCBP.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122198428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Retarder Usage on Concrete Characteristic","authors":"Panennungi Tayeb, M. Lullulangi, Onesimus Sampebua","doi":"10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCCEE.20190403.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research is experimental research aimed at to investigate the effect in using retarder onto concrete workability and compressive strength. The sample will be made of concrete cube with uniform size is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm. the total amounts of cube are 96 pieces, each 32 samples for each data groups into 0%, 1%, 2% and 4%, the sample are then kept fresh with various time, 0 minute, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. The fresh sample’s feasibility and compressive strength will be examined at 7, 14, and 28 days concrete. The result shows workability concrete changing in case retarder addition. The higher retarder concentrations cause either increased slump value or easy-made concrete. The longer fresh concrete are storage will result in decreased in slump value or the concrete is viscous. In concrete with age 7, 14, 28 days, the highest pressure strength is 2%. Additions in 4% retarders are significantly degraded pressure strength. Concrete storage up to 20 minutes does not give significant concrete pressure strength.","PeriodicalId":262934,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121418663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}