ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control最新文献

{"title":"Piezoelectric Actuation to Reduce Pump Flow Ripple","authors":"Nathan P. Hagstrom, Michael Harens, Arpan Chatterjee, E CreswickMatthew","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pump flow ripple is a source of noise and pressure fluctuation that can result in unwanted behavior and failure of a hydraulic system. The intent of this paper is to present and model a novel method to reduce flow ripple using piezoelectric actuators, which are currently limited to applications in micro-scale pumps. The paper presents two methods for reducing pump flow ripple in a hydraulic system. The first method uses a piezoelectric actuated valve which governs the pump displacement. The second method employs a piezoelectric actuated cylinder that acts directly on the outlet fluid to reduce the flow ripple from the pump. Method one was not able to reduce the flow ripple due to the bandwidth limitations of the swash plate actuation cylinder. Method two was able to reduce the flow ripple significantly. Further improvements on method two were achieved by increasing the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders acting at the pump outlet. After optimization, it was found that method two was found to decrease pump ripple by up to 53.5% from the baseline pump output. Though method one is largely unsuccessful, it is found that method two is successful and becomes more effective as the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders increase.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122668213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H\u0000 2-Optimal Low Order Transmission Line Models","authors":"B. Manhartsgruber","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1688","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Transmission line modeling has played a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of fluid power systems. A vast body of literature exists from simple lumped parameter approaches to fully coupled three-dimensional fluid structure interaction models. When it comes to computationally efficient, yet physically sound low order models needed for fast computations iteratively called by optimization codes or for the purpose of model based control design, there is still room for improvement. Modal approximations of the input-output behaviour of liquid transmission lines have been around for decades. The basic idea of tuning the parameters of a canonical linear time invariant state space model to fit the transfer functions of a transmission line model in the H2-optimal sense under passivity constraints has been published by the author of the present paper in the past. However, the method so far was barely usable due to numerical difficulties in the underlying optimization process. A new implementation of the method employing quadruple-precision floating point numbers has recently been found to resolve the convergence problems and is reported in the present paper. The new version of the method is based on analytic computation of the cost and constraint functions as well as their gradients in the computer algebra package Maple and automatic code generation for compilation in FORTRAN. Results are very promising because both the entire low frequency behaviour and the first three eigenmodes of a transmission line model can be accurately covered by a model of order eight only.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132803923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Ride Control for Construction Machines Based on Pressure Feedback","authors":"Riccardo Madau, A. Vacca","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1649","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Typically, off-road construction machines are not equipped with suspensions at the wheel axles. This has led to alternative concepts that uses the working implement to mitigate the vibration transmitted to the cabin. The most common solutions are based on passive ride control (PRC) methods. A PRC usually requires a hydraulic accumulator and dissipating valves properly connected to the working hydraulics. In this way, the PRC is able to dissipate the fluid energy and damp the oscillations of the pressure inside the hydraulic actuators, with clear benefits on the machine vibration. This paper focuses instead on an active ride control (ARC) methodology, which controls the working hydraulic motion to counter-reach the machine vibrations, avoiding the use of an accumulator.\u0000 The paper addresses the main challenge of designing the controller for the ARC for the reference case of a wheel loader. A high pass pressure filter control with pressure feedback is proposed for this application. The controller is first studied in a simulation model and then validated through experiments on a stock machine.\u0000 The bandwidth limitation of the standard hydraulic system does not permit to achieve the same performance of a state-of-art PRC system considered as baseline. Notwithstanding, the experimental results on the proposed ARC shows significant improvements with respect to a case where no controller is used. Moreover, the proposed method could be applied with more effectiveness in hydraulic systems with higher dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129149193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Inertia Terms on High Pressure Gap Flow Applications in Hydraulics","authors":"Felix Fischer, A. Rhein, K. Schmitz","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1601","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydraulic pumps, which reach pressures up to 3000 bar, are often realized as plunger-piston type pumps. In the case of a common-rail pump for diesel injection systems, the plunger is driven by a cam-tappet construction and the contact during suction stroke is maintained by a helical spring. Many hydraulic piston-based high pressure pumps include gap seals, which are formed by small clearances between the two surfaces of the piston and the bushing. Usually the gap height is in the magnitude of several micrometers. Typical radial gaps are between 0.5 and 1 per mil of the nominal diameter. These gap seals are used to allow and maintain pressure build up in the piston chamber.\u0000 When the gap is pressurized, a special flow regime is reached. For the description of this particular flow the Reynolds equation, which is a simplification of the Navier-Stokes equations, can be used as done in the state of the art. Furthermore, if the pressure in the gap is high enough — 500 bar and above — fluid-structure interactions must be taken into account. Pressure levels above 1500 or 2000 bar indicate the necessity for solving the energy equation of the fluid phase and the rigid bodies surrounding it.\u0000 In any case, the fluid properties such as density and viscosity, have to be modelled in a pressure dependent manner. This means, a compressible flow is described in the sealing gap. Viscosity changes in magnitudes while density remains in the same magnitude, but nevertheless changes about 30 %. These facts must be taken into account when solving the Reynolds equation.\u0000 In this paper the authors work out that the Reynolds equation is not suitable for every piston-bushing gap seal in hydraulic applications. It will be shown that remarkable errors are made, when the inertia terms in the Navier-Stokes equations are neglected, especially in high pressure applications.\u0000 To work out the influence of the inertia terms in these flows, two simulation models are built up and calculated for the physical problem. One calculates the compressible Reynolds equation neglecting the fluid inertia. The other model, taking the fluid inertia into account, calculates the coupled Navier-Stokes equations on the same geometrical boundaries. Here, the so called SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm is used. The discretization is realized with the Finite Volume Method. Afterwards, the solutions of both models are compared to investigate the influence of the inertia terms on the flow in these specific high pressure applications.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134279568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Optimization of Series Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Compact Wheel Loader","authors":"Qunya Wen, Feng Wang, Bing Xu, Zongxuan Sun","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1708","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As an effective approach to improving the fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles, hydraulic hybrid has shown great potentials in off-road applications. Although the fuel economy improvement is achieved through different hybrid architectures (parallel, series and power split), the energy management strategy is still the key to hydraulic hybrid powertrain. Different optimization methods provide powerful tools for energy management strategy of hybrid powertrain. In this paper a power optimization method based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy has been proposed for a series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader. To show the fuel saving potential of the proposed strategy, the fuel consumption of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader with equivalent consumption minimization strategy was investigated and compared with the system with a rule-based strategy. The parameter study of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy has also been conducted.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Power Distribution in the Hydraulic Remote System of Agricultural Tractors Through Modelling and Simulations","authors":"Xin Tian, Josias Cruz Gomez, A. Vacca, S. Fiorati, F. Pintore","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1686","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Agricultural tractors make massive use of hydraulic control technology. Being fuel consumption a big concern for agricultural applications, tractors typically use the latest state-of-the-art technology to allow efficient fluid power actuation. Nevertheless, the quantification of the energy loss within the hydraulic system of such applications represents an important step to drive the development of the current technology with cost-effective solutions.\u0000 In this paper, the load sensing (LS) circuit that typically equips of the hydraulic remotes is taken as reference. A simulation model has been developed within the Amesim software with the aim of accurately predict the operation of the system including the energy flow from the hydraulic supply to the hydraulic user. The paper particularly details the models of the LS pump and the hydraulic remote valves. Within the research, experimental tests on a reference tractor were designed and executed to allow the model validation. The comparison between the experimental results and the simulation data shows the validity of the model. Furthermore, the model allows highlighting the energy losses in the different components of the system as well as identifying the most favorable operating conditions of the system with respect to energy efficiency. The model can be used in support of future research aimed at formulating a more efficient solution for the hydraulic circuit of agricultural tractors.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114780601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Control Algorithm for Active/Passive Hydraulic Winches Used in Active Heave Compensation","authors":"G. Moslått, D. Padovani, M. Hansen","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1710","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The most common active heave compensated offshore cranes have hydraulic winch systems. This paper investigates an active/passive hydraulic winch system with variable-displacement motors and variable-displacement pumps. The paper addresses the challenges when the active motors are set with a low displacement. The active motor displacement is shown to have significant impact on the dynamics of the closed loop hydraulic system. The classical control strategy for this type of system do not address these challenges and will in certain situations have significantly reduced performance. Therefor, a new control method is presented that utilize the variable displacement of the pumps and motors for speed control and to improve dynamics characteristics. The new winch controller is tested in a high-fidelity simulation model and is shown to improve low speed performance, reduce winch speed limitations by up to 30%, reduce system peak pressure by approximately 20%, and reduce control error by approximately 30%.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122565075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Modified Cycloidal-Toothed Gerotor Pumps by Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Andrew J. Robison, A. Vacca","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1696","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cycloidal-toothed gerotors are formed by the combination of epicycloid and a hypocyloid arcs that use the pitch circles as their base circles. They are a common profile type used in industry likely because they can be generated by simple parametric equations. One of the problems with the cycloidal-toothed profile type is that the radius of curvature of both the inner and outer gear are zero when the gears contact at the pitch point which can lead to high contact stress. A gear generation algorithm has been developed that modifies the hypocycloid tooth form to eliminate contact in regions with very low radii of curvature that is yet to be described in scientific literature. Seven performance metrics are developed to evaluate size, flow ripple, adhesive wear, contact stress, radial gap leakage, lateral gap leakage, and inlet throttling that are used as objective functions in a multi-objective optimization. The pump geometry is optimized by applying the NSGA-II algorithm with a population size of 1000 for 500 generations to produce a pareto front, and the results are compared to two cycloidal-toothed gerotors used in the automotive industry. Two designs were found that significantly reduce the contact stress in the profiles while giving the same performance in the other six objective functions in comparison to the profiles used in industry. Another two designs are found that can significantly reduce several objective functions if the size of the pump can be increased slightly.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132062319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid Effects on Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Pumps: Dynamometer Measurements and Molecular Simulations","authors":"Pawan Panwar, M. Len, Ninaad Gajghate, Paul W. Michael, A. Martini","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1712","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mechanical efficiency of hydraulic pumps is affected by the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. Viscosity modifiers that thicken the fluid, therefore, play an important role in efficiency. Viscosity modifiers are believed to improve the mechanical efficiency of hydraulic systems partially by enabling formulation with lower molecular weight base oils. Here, this concept was directly tested in a pump dynamometer using mixtures of low traction synthetic poly(alphaolefin) base oils, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate ester, and poly(isobutylene). Lower viscosity fluids directly correlated to better mechanical efficiency but decreasing the viscosity of the synthetic base oil by adding viscosity modifier did not have the same effect. However, molecular dynamics simulations showed that solution viscosity was directly correlated to elongation of the polymer under shear which, together with calculations of the critical shear rate range in a pump, suggested ways of designing viscosity modifiers to achieve a specific viscosity profile that maximizes mechanical efficiency.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114568501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Pressure Adaptive Piston Cylinder Interface Design for Axial Piston Machines","authors":"S. Sarode, L. Shang","doi":"10.1115/fpmc2019-1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1645","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper presents a novel concept of a pressure adaptive piston/cylinder interface design for a swashplate type axial piston machine that uses a pressurized groove around the bushing inside the cylinder block. This groove is connected to the pump displacement chamber and it uses pressure deformations of the bushing to improve the sealing function of the piston/cylinder lubricating interface. Such a design concept is based on a groove design that is easy to manufacture, thus resulting in a cost-effective design solution.\u0000 The proposed piston/cylinder interface design is simulated using a multi-domain simulation model developed by the authors’ research team. The tool is particularly suitable for the analysis of the internal gap flows, being based on a fully coupled fluid structure thermal interaction model, which calculates the non-isothermal gap fluid behavior considering solid body deformations due to temperature and pressure effects.\u0000 The proposed solution is compared in simulation with respect to a standard design of an axial piston pump. The results indicate that the proposed pressure adaptive piston/cylinder interface is able to improve the sealing function of the piston/cylinder interface at different operating conditions. Therefore, the proposed novel design can be seen as a possible method to increase the energy efficiency of the current designs of swash plate units.","PeriodicalId":262589,"journal":{"name":"ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128689732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}