New Visions in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Detection Methods of Nanoparticles in Plant Tissues","authors":"An Yan, Zhong Chen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74101","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in the world has raised significant concerns about their potential impacts on ecosystems, food safety and human health, leading to an emerging research theme about the interaction between crop plants and NPs. Therefore, a full understanding of plant-NP interaction and phytotoxicological mechanism is required for accurate risk assessment to ensure the safe use of nanoparticle. A range of analytical techniques have been developed to detect and characterize the uptake, translocation, cellular internalization and intracellular biotransformation of nanoparticles in plants. Imaging methodologies, including various electron microscopy, spectrometry-based techniques, together with ICP-based techniques such as ICP-OES, ICP-MS and SP-ICP-MS, have been widely used to obtain information about NPs size, morphology, size distribution, cellular localization, elemental speciation, mass concentration and so on. Due to the complexity of biological samples to be analyzed, these techniques are often combined accordingly to provide complementary information regarding plant-NP interaction. This review provides an introduction to the most widely used techniques in the study of interactions between plants and nanoparticles. In addition, applications of these techniques in the study of plant-NP interaction from recent works are exemplified to illustrate how the understanding of plant-NP interaction is achieved through these techniques. showed the presence of localized Ag accumulation regions with a size of 1–4 μm adhering on the epidermis. Nano-CT technique capable of higher spatial resolution revealed that these","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121182052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks, Uncertainties, and Ethics of Nanotechnology in Agriculture","authors":"P. Mwaanga","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76590","url":null,"abstract":"The use of agrochemicals, though has increased the agricultural productivity, has severely adversely affected soil and aquatic systems with associated flora and fauna and also the health of the farmers and society consuming the chemically grown food. Therefore, the advent of nano-agrochemicals, such as nanopesticides, nanofertilizers and nanosensors, designed to increase solubility, enhances bioavailability and promotes targeted delivery, and their controlled release will have immense potential benefits that include efficient dosage of fertilizers, improved vector and pest management, reduced chemical pollution and ultimately increased agricultural productivity. However, many questions remain unresolved on the toxicology and safety of these systems to human and ecosystems health. Risk assessment of this technology lags far behind its application. This chapter will therefore discuss the nano-ecotoxicology and risks, uncertainties, and ethical concerns of use of nanotechnology in agriculture. Furthermore, the current levels of public awareness and perception of nanotechnology will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121556373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securing Diversity for Food Security: The Case of Conservation and Use of Rice Genetic Resources","authors":"R. Rabara, M. Ferrer, Jennifer Jara-Rabara, Rachel C.Sotto","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77216","url":null,"abstract":"Producing enough food, fiber, and fuel, in this case, the second most important global crop called rice, remains a continuing challenge as global population increases and various production constraints ensue. Plant breeding scientists prefer using elite rice lines but also infuse new genetic resources into the parental genepool for desirable traits, such as resistance to pests and diseases, good flavor, and high nutritional quality on top of high-yielding potential. Prior research studies reveal the importance of germplasm resources including wild rice relatives as excellent sources of desirable traits in new crop breeds. Advances in molecular and genomics approaches (QTLs, GWAS, OMICs technologies) have identified and transferred genes, genomes, loci among other important genetic materials that are sought for. As knowledge builds up with these biotechniques, more rice genetic resources can be characterized at the molecular and systems levels for further utility in breeding better cultivars. Information generated from innovative approaches must be documented and processed as germplasm characterization data and must remain accessible at genebanks that exist centrally to conserve biodiversity. Development of germplasm information should be a collaborative effort of scientists who share similar interests in exploiting the valuable and novel genes within germplasm resources that are essential for crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132410617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Metabolomics: An Emerging Technology for Crop Improvement","authors":"K. Sharma, Supriya Sarma, A. Bohra, A. Mitra, N. Sharma, Anirudh Kumar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76759","url":null,"abstract":"The astounding ability of plants to make smart decisions in response to environment is evident. As they have evolved a long list of complex and unique processes that involve photosynthesis, totipotency, long-distance signaling, and ability to restore structural and metabolic memory, recognition, and communication via emission of the selected class of volatiles. In recent years, use of metabolite profiling techniques in detection, unam - biguous identification, quantification, and rapid analysis of the minute quantity of cel lular micromolecules has increased considerably. Metabolomics is key to understand the chemical footprints during different phases of growth and development of plants. To feed the ever-increasing population with limited inputs and in a rapidly changing environment is the biggest challenges that the world agriculture faces today. To achieve the project genetic gains, the breeding strategies employing marker-assisted selection for high-yielding varieties and identifying germplasm resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses are already in vogue. Henceforth, new approaches are needed to discover and deploy agronomically important gene/s that can help crops better withstand weather extremes and growing pest prevalence worldwide. In this context, metabolic engineering technol - ogy looks viable option, with immense potential to deliver the future crops. leaves and early flowering. The Arabidopsis At-LBD37/ASL39-overexpressor plants showed similar morphological leaf changes (i.e., hyponastic leaves), and had increased levels of amino acids and metabolites related to nitrogen metabolism. Subsequent profiling of metabolites and transcriptomes of the rice Os- LBD37/ASL39 -overexpressing lines ascertained the same function of Os- LBD37/ASL39 in rice and Arabidopsis . The analysis revealed notable features in rice overexpressor plants including early heading, metabolite alterations (related to nitrogen metabolism), and advanced leaf senescence. These findings established a close association between Os- LBD37/ ASL39 and nitrogen metabolism in rice. for small compounds, including primary metabolites; ultra-pressure liquid chromatography-quadruple-TOF-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for hydrophilic compounds; capillary electrophoresis-TOF-MS (CE-TOF-MS) for ionic compounds; and liquid chromatography-ion trap-TOF-MS (LC-IT-TOF-MS) for polar lipids. The study defined a correlation between genetic diversity metabolite trait a amylose/total samples, rice varieties, and the two mutants, high-, middle-, low-amylose/ total starch ratios, respectively. The amylose/total starch ratio was found to be associated with metabolites in rice kernels of the cultivars. this association was not observed in the mutants. The two loss-of-function mutants- e1 , a starch synthase IIIa ( SSIIIa )-deficient mutant and","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114138217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: New Age Molecular Techniques in Plant Science","authors":"Özge Çelik","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79360","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeding is an application that changes the plant genetics to thousands of genes, crossing varieties and then selecting the new varieties (and genes) that are desired. In this intertwined event, the plant breeder crosses to ensure that the desired traits are gathered in sufficient numbers, taking into account the preferences for genetic backgrounds. Breeding studies are based on Mendelian genetics. There are several breeding objectives for each cultured plant species. These objectives are possible to alter suddenly. Therefore, new breeding programs should be adapted. At this point, the breeders must be in a close relation with the market and agricultural technologies. Breeding can be described as the continuous period of mating and selection. The only difference is the breeding methods preferred by the breeders.","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114349150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic Plants: Gene Constructs, Vector and Transformation Method","authors":"Lee-Yoon Low, Shun-Kai Yang, D. Kok, Janna Ong-Abdullah, N. Tan, K. Lai","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79369","url":null,"abstract":"The human population has reached 7 billion by 2015 and is estimated to exceed 10 billion by the end of 2050. As such, crops which are the main food source must be produced at a higher pace in order to cater in tandem with the food demand. In the past, traditional plant breeders practice classical breeding techniques to propagate plants with desirable traits. However, traditional breeding technique lies in that only individuals of the same or closely related species can be crossbred. Moreover, traditional breeders will not be able to obtain traits which are not inherent within the gene pool of their target plants through classical breeding. With recent advancements in the field of genetic engineering, it is now possible to insert beneficial genes from a completely different species or even kingdom into a target plant, yielding transgenic plants with multiple ideal traits. To develop a transgenic plant, parameters such as vec- tor constructions, transformation methods, transgene integration, and inheritance of transgene need to be carefully considered to ensure the success of the transformation event. Hence, this chapter aimed to provide an overview of transgenic plants’ development, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its application for the betterment of mankind .","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126318018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in Agriculture: New Opportunities and Perspectives","authors":"L. Marchiol","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74425","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction that in 2050 our planet will be populated by over 9 billion people is quite reliable. This will pose serious problems with food, water and energy supply, particularly in less-developed countries. Considering that the human pressure over natural resources has already reached critical levels, international agencies such as the World Bank and UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are soliciting scientific research in order to identify innovative solutions to support the primary sector. Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field with the potential to take forward the agriculture and food industry with new tools which promise to increase food production in a sustainable manner and to protect crops from pests. Such expectations are coupled with some uncertainties about the fate of nanomaterials in the agro-environment. However, the field application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has not been properly investigated yet, and many aspects have only been considered theoretically or with models, which make it difficult to properly assess the usefulness of ENMs for plant fertilization and protection.","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126345536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Nitrogen and Phosphorus Efficiency for Optimal Plant Growth and Yield","authors":"L. Sharma, A. A. Zaeen, Sukhwinder K. Bali, J. Dwyer","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72214","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important nutrients for crop production. The N contributes to the structural component, generic, and metabolic compounds in a plant cell. N is mainly an essential part of chlorophyll, the compound in the plants that is responsible for photosynthesis process. The plant can get its available nitrogen from the soil by mineralizing organic materials, fixed-N by bacteria, and nitrogen can be released from plant as residue decay. Soil minerals do not release an enough amount of nitrogen to support plant; therefore, fertilizing is necessary for high production. Phosphorous contributes in the complex of the nucleic acid structure of plants. The nucleic acid is essential in protein synthesis regulation; therefore, P is important in cell division and development of new plant tissue. P is one of the 17 essential nutrients for plant growth and related to complex energy transformations in the plant. In the past, growth in production and productivity of crops relied heavily on high-dose application of N and P fertilizers. However, continue adding those chemical fertilizers over time has bad results in diminishing returns regarding no improvement in crop productivity. Applying high doses of chemical fertilizers is a major factor in the climate change in terms of nitrous oxide gas as one of the greenhouse gas and eutrophication that happens because of P pollution in water streams. This chapter speaks about N and P use efficiency and how they are necessary for plant and environment.","PeriodicalId":261921,"journal":{"name":"New Visions in Plant Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114773395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}