Introductory Chapter: New Age Molecular Techniques in Plant Science

Plant breeding is an application that changes the plant genetics to thousands of genes, crossing varieties and then selecting the new varieties (and genes) that are desired. In this intertwined event, the plant breeder crosses to ensure that the desired traits are gathered in sufficient numbers, taking into account the preferences for genetic backgrounds. Breeding studies are based on Mendelian genetics. There are several breeding objectives for each cultured plant species. These objectives are possible to alter suddenly. Therefore, new breeding programs should be adapted. At this point, the breeders must be in a close relation with the market and agricultural technologies. Breeding can be described as the continuous period of mating and selection. The only difference is the breeding methods preferred by the breeders.