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IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)最新文献

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Why Develop Open Source Software? The Role of Non-Pecuniary Benefits, Monetary Rewards and Open Source Licence Type 为什么要开发开源软件?非金钱利益、金钱奖励和开放源码许可类型的作用
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRM034
R. Sauer
{"title":"Why Develop Open Source Software? The Role of Non-Pecuniary Benefits, Monetary Rewards and Open Source Licence Type","authors":"R. Sauer","doi":"10.1093/OXREP/GRM034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXREP/GRM034","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the basic theory of optimal open-source software contributions points to three key factors affecting supply: non-pecuniary benefits, future expected monetary returns, and open-source licence type. This paper argues that existing large-scale software developer surveys are inadequate for measuring the relative importance of these three factors. Moreover, previous econometric studies that collect their own unique datasets generally measure the importance of only one supply factor in isolation. To fill the gap, I specify a dynamic programming model of joint labour supply and open-source contribution decisions that can provide empirical estimates of relative importance within a single unified framework.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126149977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Assessing Forecast Uncertainties in a VECX Model for Switzerland: An Exercise in Forecast Combination Across Models and Observation Windows 评估瑞士VECX模式的预报不确定性:跨模式和观测窗口的预报组合练习
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.17863/CAM.5110
Katrin Assenmacher, M. Pesaran
{"title":"Assessing Forecast Uncertainties in a VECX Model for Switzerland: An Exercise in Forecast Combination Across Models and Observation Windows","authors":"Katrin Assenmacher, M. Pesaran","doi":"10.17863/CAM.5110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.5110","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of forecast uncertainty in a cointegrating vector error correction model for Switzerland. Forecast uncertainty is evaluated in three different dimensions. First, we investigate the effect on forecasting performance of averaging over forecasts from different models. Second, we look at different estimation windows. We find that averaging over estimation windows is at least as effective as averaging over different models and both complement each other. Third, we explore whether using weighting schemes from the machine learning literature improves the average forecast. Compared to equal weights the effect of the weighting scheme on forecast accuracy is small in our application.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115799699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Tax Structure and Female Labour Market Participation: Evidence from Ireland 税收结构与女性劳动力市场参与:来自爱尔兰的证据
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1027897
T. Callan, A. van Soest, J. Walsh
{"title":"Tax Structure and Female Labour Market Participation: Evidence from Ireland","authors":"T. Callan, A. van Soest, J. Walsh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1027897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1027897","url":null,"abstract":"How great an effect does the structure of income taxes have on women’s labour market participation? This issue is investigated using a discrete choice static labour supply model for married couples in Ireland. The model incorporates fixed costs of working and simultaneously explains participation decisions and preferred hours of work. Details of the tax system are fully incorporated, and key elements of the welfare system are also taken into account. The model is estimated using data from the 1994 wave of the Living in Ireland Survey. The results are used to analyse the labour supply effects of a move to greater independence in the tax treatment of couples. The influence of tax structure on participation is reconsidered in the light of trends in women’s participation in the labour market and two key changes in the structure of taxation: a shift from a joint or aggregated basis of assessment to an “incomesplitting” system in 1980 and a further substantial shift from income-splitting towards greater independence from 2000 onwards.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124084353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 91
Tournaments and Office Politics: Evidence from a Real Effort Experiment 比赛和办公室政治:来自真正努力实验的证据
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.100.1.504
J. Carpenter, P. Matthews, Johannes Schirm
{"title":"Tournaments and Office Politics: Evidence from a Real Effort Experiment","authors":"J. Carpenter, P. Matthews, Johannes Schirm","doi":"10.1257/AER.100.1.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.100.1.504","url":null,"abstract":"In many environments, tournaments can elicit more effort from workers, except perhaps when workers can sabotage each other. Because it is hard to separate effort, ability and output in many real workplace settings, the empirical evidence on the incentive effect of tournaments is thin. There is even less evidence on the impact of sabotage because real world acts of sabotage are often subtle manifestations of subjective peer evaluation or \"office politics.\" We discuss a real effort experiment in which effort, quality adjusted output and office politics are compared under piece rates and tournaments. Our results suggest that tournaments increase effort only in the absence of office politics. Competitors are more likely to sabotage each other in tournaments and, as a result, workers actually provide less effort simply because they expect to be the victims of sabotage. Adjusting output for quality with the rating of an independent auditor shrinks the incentive effect of the tournament even further since output tends to become more slipshod.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114347238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 188
Circular Migration: Counts of Exits and Years Away from the Host Country 循环移民:离开东道国的次数和年数
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1012568
A. Constant, K. Zimmermann
{"title":"Circular Migration: Counts of Exits and Years Away from the Host Country","authors":"A. Constant, K. Zimmermann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1012568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1012568","url":null,"abstract":"The economic literature has largely overlooked the importance of repeat and circular migration. The paper studies this behavior by analyzing the number of exits and the total number of years away from the host country using count data models and panel data from Germany. More than 60% of migrants from the guestworker countries are indeed repeat or circular migrants. Migrants from European Union member countries, those not owning a dwelling in Germany, the younger and the older (excluding the middle ages), are significantly more likely to engage in repeat migration and to stay out for longer. Males and those migrants with German passports exit more frequently, while those with higher education exit less; there are no differences with time spent out. Migrants with family in the home country remain out longer, and those closely attached to the labor market remain less; they are not leaving the country more frequently.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130811891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Modelling the Time on Unemployment Insurance Benefits 对失业保险福利的时间建模
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1004496
G. Bijwaard
{"title":"Modelling the Time on Unemployment Insurance Benefits","authors":"G. Bijwaard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1004496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1004496","url":null,"abstract":"A duration model based on the time on Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits instead of a model based on the time till re-employment is more relevant from a cost-benefit perspective. The contribution of this paper is to extend the standard (mixed) Proportional Hazard model to account for an upper bound on the duration. We use a modified mover-stayer model to this end and discuss the interpretation of the parameters. In an empirical application we compare the method with the standard analysis of unemployment duration. We also derive the expected UI-benefit costs implied by the model for some typical unemployed individuals.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121890672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in the Netherlands 1999-2003 1999-2003年荷兰工资结构与劳动力流动
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/W13210
L. Borghans, B. Kriechel
{"title":"Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in the Netherlands 1999-2003","authors":"L. Borghans, B. Kriechel","doi":"10.3386/W13210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W13210","url":null,"abstract":"A protective cap which is adapted to cover the bristles of a toothbrush grips around the handle adjacent the bristles and surrounds the portion of the handle supporting the bristles while covering the bristles. The new cap extends mainly on one side of the handle except for the neck portion which grips the handle adjacent the bristle and which can be released by angularly moving the cap relative to the handle. The cap is provided with peripheral apertures for allowing ventilation of the bristles.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
How Tax Progression Affects Effort and Employment 税收累进如何影响努力和就业
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.998475
E. Koskela, R. Schöb
{"title":"How Tax Progression Affects Effort and Employment","authors":"E. Koskela, R. Schöb","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.998475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.998475","url":null,"abstract":"Within an efficiency wage framework, we study the effects of two revenue-neutral tax reforms that change the progressivity of the labour tax system. A revenue-neutral increase in both the wage tax and tax exemption and a revenue-neutral change in the composition of labour taxation towards the tax with the smaller tax base will lead to the same results: they moderate wages, workers’ effort, effective labour input and aggregate output. Whether employment rises or falls, however, depends in both reforms on the magnitude of the pre-reform total tax wedge. The larger this tax wedge is, the more negative is the impact of reforms on workers’ effort. A larger total tax wedge increases the negative effect of tax progression on labour productivity and thus thwarts the positive employment effect of wage moderation.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126595951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Class Origin, Family Culture, and Intergenerational Correlation of Education in Rural China 中国农村教育的阶级起源、家庭文化与代际关系
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.970242
H. Sato, Li Shi
{"title":"Class Origin, Family Culture, and Intergenerational Correlation of Education in Rural China","authors":"H. Sato, Li Shi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.970242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.970242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the determinants of intergenerational correlation of education in rural China by using a data from a large survey of households. Three generations who completed education during the period from pre-1949 to the beginning of the 2000s are included. The focus is on the influence of family class status (chengfen) on offspring education. Our investigation suggests that family class status is still important for the intergenerational transmission of education. The offspring of landlord/rich peasant families are more likely to achieve higher educational attainment, even though parental education, family wealth, and other family characteristics are the same. The unique determinant of the intergenerational transmission of education in the postreform era is found to be an education-oriented family culture, created as an intergenerational cultural rebound against class-based social discrimination during the Maoist era. We have also found that the cultural reaction is a combination of class-specific effects with cohort-specific effects.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117190921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Corporate Skills as an Ex-Ante Incentive to R&D Investment 企业技能对研发投资的事前激励
IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.960011
M. Piva, M. Vivarelli
{"title":"Corporate Skills as an Ex-Ante Incentive to R&D Investment","authors":"M. Piva, M. Vivarelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.960011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.960011","url":null,"abstract":"Using a balanced panel of 215 Italian manufacturing firms over the 1995-2000 period, this paper investigates the determinants of R&D investment at the level of the firm. While finding further support for the well-established technology-push and demand-pull hypotheses, this study also tests the role of skill endowment in increasing a firm’s R&D investment. Consistently with the related managerial and economic literature, our basic result is that current skill endowment may significantly and positively influence a firm’s current R&D decision. These microeconometric results have been obtained using a Least Squares Dummy Variable Corrected (LSDVC) estimator, a recently-proposed panel data technique particularly suitable for small samples.","PeriodicalId":261871,"journal":{"name":"IZA: General Labor Economics (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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