American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Myocardial Strain Imaging in Asian Competitive Athletes – A Single Centre Study","authors":"Y. S. Keh, P. J. Tan, S. Chai, B. Tan, K. Tong","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.13","url":null,"abstract":"To date there has been limited literature pertaining to Athlete’s Heart Syndrome in Asian athletes, especially for those in South East Asia. We performed a single center cross-sectional case-control study of elite athletes and controls, using current speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-based techniques. We reanalyzed previous data to further characterize the biomechanical changes in exercise induced cardiac remodeling elite athletes and controls at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. The Left Ventricular (LV) strain of the athletes’ group was significantly lower as compared to the control group (-19.0±2.0 vs -20.3±1.8, p=0.011). Furthermore, both LV torsion (14.3±17.8°/s vs 14.4±6.7°/s, p=0.031) and Lateral S’ (7.21±1.4 vs 8.7±1.6, p=0.001) showed small but statistically significant decreases in the athletes’ group versus the controls. The athletes group demonstrated a significantly lower Basal Right Ventricular (RV) free wall strain as compared to the controls (-19.8±5.5 vs -26.5±6.4 P < 0.001). The mid RV strain was marginally higher in the athletes’ group versus the controls (-25.0±4.3 vs -24.7±15.3 P=0.023). Our findings of impaired LV strain and torsion as well basal RV free walls strain in the South East Asian athletes group mirror studies done in Western cohorts. The higher mid RV free wall strain could represent compensatory response to the impaired basal RV function in athletes.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129282964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of Change in Phase Angle with Age in Japanese Children","authors":"K. Fujii, K. Hayakawa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.12","url":null,"abstract":"Phase angle (PhA) is a value derived from the resistance (R) in intra- and extracellular fluid and the reactance (Xc) in the cell membrane, measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It has also been referred to as a nutritional index that shows the level of cellular activation, becoming a focus of attention in recent years. However, very little is known about the changes in phase angle with age, particularly the changes that occur during the school-age years. In this study, we investigated whether phase angle has a maximum peak velocity (MPV) similar to that of physique, and if a pubertal peak exists whether it is meaningful as a biological parameter in the same way as height growth. The results showed that the age at MPV of phase angle may be proposed as a critical point in the acquisition of health with stronger physical growth and development during the school-age years. Assuming that MPV of phase angle is a critical point in physical growth and development, its involvement in disease needs to be closely observed with this critical point as a juncture since this is also a time period when the thymus of the immune system shows a pubertal peak. At the same time, beyond the pubertal peak of physique, this may be considered a period during which more adult-like physical enhancement and level of health is maintained.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arm/Shoulder Specific Strength Device for Throwers","authors":"B. Agrebi, Rachid Bouagina, A. Fray, H. Abidi, F. Guémira, Mounir Bezzarga, Nooman Guelmami, Narjes Houas, Sofien Kasmi, Oussama Ben Mohamed, R. Khalifa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200801.11","url":null,"abstract":"Research has proposed various ways to develop ballistic/explosive arm rotational movements for throwers but demonstrated inherent limitations for the lack of traditional resistance training respecting sport-specific tasks. A prototype device was conceived for ballistic multi-joint throwing exercises. Forty-three high-level competitive U19 male handball players participated in the study aged 18.42 ± 1.17 years; 82.36 ± 3.07 mass kg; and 184.91 ± 6.06 m height. Subjects underwent tests on the ASSSD, which operates into consecutive accelerative and decelerative actions, for throwing characteristics determination. Concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) variables during overhead throws as force, power, velocity, acceleration and angle when occurred peak force (PF), power (PP) and velocity (PV) were defined. The relative reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) showing strong agreement between trials. The absolute reliability was analyzed using standard error of measurement SEM (0.03-2.75), and Coefficients of variation CVs (2.84-4.59%) for studied variables, reveals excellent interday reliability. Validity was assessed using linear regressions, r and p values showing good relationship between PF and PP gathered from ASSSD and isokinetic peak torques at different angular velocities of dominant arm (DA). The device sensitivity was verified when assessing CON-ECC PF, CON-ECC PP and CON PV with elite/non-elite players. The ASSSD has demonstrated its reliability, validity and sensitivity intended for testing, training monitoring and sport performance assessment.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Kinesio-Taping on Pain, Range of Motion and Isokinetic Strength of Back Extensors in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain Patients","authors":"Shahesta A Ghally, H. Ali, Mohamed Y. Abdelhamid Abdelsamee","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: low back pain is a common problems that encountered in physical therapy clinic. Many treatment regime are present. Kinesio-taping is a newly treatment introduced for patients with low back pain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of kinesio-taping on pain, range of motion, and back muscle strength in non-specific low back pain patients. METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty four patients were involved in this study. Informed consent were signed by the patients and patients were divided into two groups by randomization ,thirteen in Group A and eleven in Group B. Pain, range of motion, and back muscle strength were assessed on day one and six by VAS scale, modified-modified schober test (MMST), isokinetic dynamometer. Kinesio-taping (KT) was applied twice per six days. Group A patients were receiving I-shape KT longitudinally .Group B patients were receiving K taping Horizontally. RESULTS: The results of this study showed significant improvement in pain intensity and functional disability within groups. No significant differences between both groups. CONCLUSION: The Kinesio-taping with conventional physiotherapy will be more beneficial than kinesio- taping alone when treating nonspecific low back pain patients.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127344157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Muscular Fitness, Health Behaviors, and Health-related Quality of Life in U.S. Women","authors":"P. Hart","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-8-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-8-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Grip strength is a measure of muscular fitness and is related to many health problems in women. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between grip strength and HRQOL in U.S. women. A secondary purpose was to examine the extent to which physical activity (PA), obesity, and smoking moderate the grip strength and HRQOL relationship. Methods: Data for this research came from women 20 years of age and older participating in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Grip strength (kg) was measured in both hands using a handgrip dynamometer and the largest reading across all trials served as the participant’s score. HRQOL was assessed by a single question asking participants to rate their general health. Additionally, measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) (MVPA), TV time, sedentary time, and smoking were assessed. Multiple linear regression was used to model the relationship between HRQOL and grip strength while controlling for confounding variables. Results: Grip strength decreased proportionately in women with increasing age (ppslope=2.04 kg, SE=0.26, pConclusion: Results from this study indicate that grip strength and HRQOL are related in U.S. women. Furthermore, the grip strength and HRQOL relationship appears to remain in women who are current smokers.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126394637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Stationary Bike Training and Standard Treadmill Therapy in Overweight and Obese Patients Age 40-55 with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in Fontaine’s Stage IIa on High Dose Supplementation Support of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)","authors":"S. Solaković, E. Solaković, R. Pavlović, Amina Ahmovic, Mensur Vrcić, Nedim Čović","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the applicative study was to estimate the increasing capability of claudications distance in Fontaine's stage IIa patients of Peripheral artery disease (PAD) with Body Mass Index (BMI) 25-34,9 kg/m2 and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) 0,8-0,9 by comparing Stationary Bike on High Dose of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) versus Treadmill wallking program on standard Dose of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) in Exercise Therapy with life style modification. Patients and methods: This study was conducted from beginning of May, 2017 till end of May, 2018 at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery Clinical Center and Department for vascular and endovascular surgery, University of Sarajevo, Special Hospital dr. Solakovic, Sarajevo and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo. In the study included 60 male patients, age 40-55 with Peripheral Artery Disease (Ankle Brachial Index/ABI) 0,8-0,9, and Body Mass Index (BMI) 25 to 34,9 kg/m2 (30 non surgical traetment patients on standard Treadmill wallking program (control group) and research group consisting of 30 non surgical treatment patients on Stationary Bike), in stadium IIa of peripheral artery disease, with manifestation of mild claudication simptoms. For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the examinated groups parametric tests were used. The difference at a level of (p Results: Analysis shows the no statistically significantdifference between on claudication distance inStationary Bike grupsand impellers standard Treadmill wallking group (p>0,05). Conclusion: Stationary Bike Interval Training can be alternative vascular Therapy and has his on benefits but he can notentirely replace Treadmill Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease with BMI 25-34.9kg/m2. Treadmill Rehabilitation Therapy still remain generally main strategy of the therapeutic effect on enhancement of claudication distance (Fontaine's stage II) of peripheral artery disease.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Grip Strength on Controlled Force Exertion in Different Strength Exertion Phases in Young Men","authors":"Y. Nagasawa, S. Demura","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to develop a method for the accurate measurement of controlled force exertion (CFE). The CFE test requires subjects to exert force while coordinating submaximal grip strength; therefore, grip strength may affect the CFE value. This study examined the differences in measured values in low and high phases of demand value in the CFE test and the relationship between the measured values and grip strength using 54 healthy young males aged 19-23 years. On the basis of standard values of grip strength related to age (455.7 ± 67.6 N), participants were divided into the following three groups: G1, with low grip strength (n = 13, mean age, 19.9 years, standard deviation (SD) = 0.8 years); G2, with medium grip strength (n = 33, mean age, 20.6 years, SD = 1.3 years); and G3, with high grip strength (n = 8, mean age, 21.6 years, SD = 0.7 years). The participants adjusted the submaximal grip strength of their dominant hands according to changes in the demand values, which were displayed as a sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of 0.1 Hz on a computer screen. The test, which lasted for 40 s, was performed three times, with one-minute intervals, after one practice trial. The sum of the differences between the demand value and the measured grip exertion value in the low demand value phase [5%-15% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and high demand value phase [15%-25% MVC] for 30 s was used as the evaluation parameter. Significant differences were found in the measured CFE values of the three groups only in the low demand value phase (F = 3.43, p < 0.05), and the values for G3 were lower than those for G1 and G2, but the effect size (η2) was low (η2 = 0.12). The CFE values showed significant low correlation with grip strength only in the high demand value phase (r= −0.32, p < 0.05). We inferred that the difference in maximum grip strength has a negligible effect on the measured value in both low and high demand value phases of the CFE test in young males.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133316805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalence Reliability and Convergent Validity of Percent Body Fat Prediction Equations","authors":"P. Hart","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The fitness professional may often benefit from the use of a simple equation in determining a health outcome for an individual in lieu of a more complicated or expensive procedure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of several standard prediction equations for percent body fat (PBF). Methods: Data used for this study came from a body composition assessment of N = 131 college students. Five different PBF prediction equations were used, with body mass index (BMI), age, and sex as inputs for each (PBFEQ1 thru PBFEQ5). Additionally, PBF using a bioelectric impedance (BIA) handheld device (PBFHH) was measured for each participant. Equivalence reliability was examined across the five PBF prediction equations using different analysis of variance (ANOVA) models of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Convergent validity between the prediction equations and PBFHH was determined by examining Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman limits of agreement (LOA). Reliability and validity was also examined for obesity classification using the Kappa statistic. Results: Reliability across the five PBF prediction equations was excellent for all ICC models in both female (ICCs > .985) and male (ICCs > .976) analyses. PBFHH scores adequately converged with scores from each prediction equation in both female (rs > .913) and male (rs > .817) analyses. LOA between PBFHH and PBFEQ5 indicate small to moderate bias of 4.0 ± 5.1% and 4.7 ± 7.9% in female and male analyses, respectively. Finally, reliability and validity of the prediction equations to classify participants into obese and non-obese categories ranged from moderate to almost perfect. Conclusion: This study provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of PBF prediction equations in a college student population.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133269577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Management of Sport-Related Concussions in Uganda: A Case Study","authors":"S. Lubega, M. Lambert, Timothy Makubuya, S. Babul, H. Muwonge, R. Zavuga, J. Kasolo, J. Kalanzi","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Head injuries in sports often go unnoticed and untreated with a risk of increasing the severity of neurological difficulties for affected athletes. While there is much research on athletes in developed countries, the data on athletes from developing countries is lacking. Using a descriptive case study approach, this report focuses on concussions from four main sports (football, athletics, basketball and rugby). Emphasis was placed on those athletes who had been identified with a sport-related concussion (SRC). The phases of emergency, intermediate, rehabilitative, and return to sports participation were considered in this study. Three SRC cases from both male and female athletes were observed and interviewed for post-injury management from the emergency phase to return to sports participation. There was evidence of lack of specific pre-season screening of athletes for concussion history and standard care for concussed athletes in all the three cases observed using the best medical practice framework. Our study shows barriers such as knowledge among the sports resource providers; a law and policies to mandate care, and the absence of specific facilities for managing athletes with concussions. Implementation of sports health care policies is necessary to mandate care for athletes. Strategies for prevention and management of concussions are necessary, especially through increasing the awareness and knowledge using the Concussion Awareness Training Tool (CATT). Further studies with larger samples are encouraged to ascertain the magnitude of existing barriers.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"53 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130765246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Injuries Related to Running: A Study among Runners in Sri Lanka","authors":"Mayooran S, Nanayakkara S.D.I, Rajaratne A.A.J, Kotakadeniya H.M.S.R.B","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-7-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Running is one of the popular sports worldwide and it is the sport of choice for many in Sri Lanka because of its convenience, health benefits and economical nature. However, the potential for running injuries also has been well documented in the world literature. But unfortunately, at present there is no database available on running injuries among Sri Lankan runners. Aim of this study is to generate scientific details on running injuries among runners in Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was performed among 256 runners (133 short distance runners and 123 long distance runners) in Sri Lanka who perform at provincial and national level competitions. The prevalence of any form of injury was 50.39% (129 injured athletes among 256 participants), while a total of 143 injuries sustained among 256 runners with the prevalence rate of 55.85%. The prevalence of any form of injury among short distance runners was 46.61% and among long distance runners was 54.47%. The body region showing the highest injury prevalence was the Knee joint (22.38%) in both short and long distance runners. Hamstring (18.18%), lower back (13.99%), ankle (13.29%) and calf (11.19%) were the other common sites of injuries. Abnormal Q angle, flat foot and history of previous injuries were found as associated intrinsic risk factors, while not engaging in stretching exercises by holding a stretch >20 seconds, training at hard intensity and sudden alterations in training pattern were found as associated extrinsic risk factors for injuries in runners. Age, body mass index, leg length discrepancy, training time per week and running shoes were found to have no association with the occurrence of injuries in runners. The findings of this study revealed that injury rate is high and suggests that effective preventive strategies are needed to reduce the injury rate in runners in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132038724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}