{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Andrew N. Mangham","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter considers the relevance of the Victorian way of thinking to the modern world. The financial crisis of 2007–8, and the resultant austerity, has lead to a resurgence of ‘Victorian’ health afflictions. In recent years we have seen a re-emergence of hunger as a humanitarian problem in the West. Neoliberalism and austerity are iterations of a conservative way of thinking that has been with us at least as far back as the New Poor Law. This chapter considers what we might learn from Kingsley, Gaskell, and Dickens, and from their intersections with nineteenth-century starvation science.","PeriodicalId":261186,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133785431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charles Kingsley","authors":"Andrew N. Mangham","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the conflict-laden work of Charles Kingsley. Kingsley was an avid follower of scientific developments. In 1842 he urged one of his correspondents to ‘study medicine [… I am studying it’. In the social novels Yeast (1848), Alton Locke (1850), and Two Years Ago (1857), we see the fruits of these labours, particularly in how the languages and methods of biology offer Kingsley a means of challenging views of starvation as an inevitable, necessary evil. In his portrayals of radical characters, Kingsley discusses how scientific ideas precluded the political appropriation of starvation as a means to beat the well-to-do. Famous for locking horns with John Henry Newman on the abstract question of what constitutes truth, Kingsley argues a case for seeing topics like the physiology of hunger not as a symbol of providentialist or radical thinking, but as the means of creating a more intelligent understanding of poverty.","PeriodicalId":261186,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charles Dickens","authors":"Andrew N. Mangham","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850038.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter illustrates how Charles Dickens found the materiality of starvation a powerful method for addressing the social injustices that angered him. Less balanced than Gaskell and less conflicted than Kingsley, he pulled no punches when it came to the ‘Parrots of Society’—those subscribers to hypocritical, dogmatic interpretations of political economy whose efforts to deal with social problems became, he believed, abortive subscriptions to a malicious laissez faire. The chapter argues that we need to understand these red-hot polemics as a response to, and an appropriation of, the scientific registers of men like Thomas Southwood Smith. What Dickens found in science was a materialism that allowed his challenges to the shallow cant of reformers and politicians to morph into an attack on their perceived stupidity: Dickens was able to use the science of starving as a means of grounding a radical position within a thoughtful materialist one.","PeriodicalId":261186,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115054466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}