Judaic-Slavic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Tracing the Scholarly Legacy of I.M. Pul’ner: A Detour through the Pages of Sovetish Heymland","authors":"Deborah Yalen","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the scholarly legacy of I.M. Pul’ner, director of the Jewish Section of the State Museum of Ethnography in Leningrad from the late 1930s until the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and considers the significance of material culture for Soviet Jewish ethnography during the interwar period. It also traces the rediscovery of Pul’ner by Soviet Jewish intellectuals in the 1970s, and the global journey of a long-lost archival document, which is now preserved at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York City.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125064640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “Yellow” and “Jewish” Question in the Russian Far East: Managing Foreignness, Productivity, and Colonization, 1858-1914","authors":"Tova Benjamin","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares the Russian empire’s “Yellow” and “Jewish” question in the Far East, contrasting imperial officials’ attitudes toward Chinese, Korean, and Jewish settlement and economic activities in the Priamurskii Krai. Considering these groups side by side reveals how the empire treated Jews as its own internal other, and how discourse about Jews in the Western borderlands could be broadened to include other groups the Russian empire viewed as a threat: in this case, Chinese and Korean migrants and settlers. The article details the legal limbo these three groups existed in between 1858–1884, and the development of anti-Asian and anti-Jewish attitudes after administrative boundaries were redrawn in 1884. Despite the small number of Jews in the region, local officials and the Ministries of Justice and Interior debated the “Jewish Question” in the Priamur, and Jews were considered the archetypical economic exploiter for those Russian officials and Russian settlers who wanted to underscore the perceived economic threat of Chinese and Korean settlers. While the empire formerly considered Jews as a potentially productive colonizing element, this article uses the regional example of the Far East to consider how imperial attitudes toward non-Russian elements of the population weighed the economic usefulness of undesirable groups against their perceived cultural threat.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127534533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R. Nathan-Neta Olevski’s Eternal Life (Vilna, Ust-Uda, Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk, Moscow)","authors":"B. Kotlerman","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the philosophic-religious heritage of R. Nathan-Neta Olevski, Irkutsk chief rabbi in 1919-30, who became later one of the most prominent Jewish religious figures in the USSR. His collection of responsa, Haye Olam Nata (Who Has Implanted Eternal Life, 1930/1), his only book published in his lifetime, can be considered as the most substantial Halachic work ever written in Siberia that preserved its value for the Orthodox Judaism until today (it was republished three times from 1992-2012, in the United States and Israel). The article is focused on unique information mentioned within R. Olevski’s responsa about “internal life” of various Jewish communities in Siberia during WW1, The Russian Civil War, and the first decade of the Soviet regime.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129148197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Hitler Didn’t Like the Jews: The Folklore Version of the Reasons Behind the Holocaust","authors":"Andrey Moroz","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2021.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Based on field data, the article discusses folkloric versions explaining Hitler’s hatred of Jews. The texts in question were recorded mainly in the territories that were part of the Pale of Settlement, from older people who either themselves had contacts with Jews, mainly before the World War II, or heard a lot about them from their parents. The versions use one of three explanatory strategies: among the closest relatives of Hitler or his colleagues there was a Jew, who greatly offended Hitler and for this reason Hitler began to take revenge on the entire people, or the hatred was caused by the national features of the Jews themselves, who are (according to the ethnic stereotypes of the Slavs) more intelligent, more cunning, lazier than the Germans and Slavs, and can also understand German. Finally, the Holocaust is explained by the Gospel events. In all three cases, the stories about the causes of the Holocaust use the traditional mechanisms of interpretation of the surrounding world: ethno-confessional stereotypes, plot clichés of traditional quasi-historical folklore prose, combined with attempts at individual interpretation.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Namus’ in the Soviet Caucasus: Growing up and ‘Traditional Modernity’ among Kavkazi (Mountain) Jews","authors":"C. Bram","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses adolescences and educational processes among the Caucasian (‘Mountain’) Jews during the late Soviet period. Based on a combined anthropo- logical and social- history research I describe and analyze how the world of Caucasian Jews’ children and youth were shaped in relation to several content worlds: the traditional worlds of Caucasian Jews (Juhuro); the Soviet-communist world which was also the main mediator of modernization; and the immediate social and cultural surrounding, shared by several local groups, mostly Muslims. The traditional socialization patterns of Caucasian Jews stresses the importance of the extended family, stressed hierarchy and seniority related to age. Juhuro (Caucasian Jews) socialization highlighted codes of honor and respect connected to the term ‘Namus’ – a behavioral code regarding the right way to behave, inner consciousness, and several prohibitions – especially in gender relations. At the same time, the Soviet state educational system, both formal and informal, stressed modern values and highlighted Soviet communist ideology. Soviet educational system introduced a de-facto new status of adolescence- while traditionally there was much less moratorium period between childhood and adulthood among Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews (and other Caucasian groups). While these content-worlds and educational approaches seems to be in tension or even contradictions, I will argue that in practice there were mechanisms that allowed a great dill of complementary between them. Soviet modernization and socialization were transmitted– andmediated– by educational agents who were themselves members of the traditional groups of Caucasus. The outcome were several version of what I call ‘traditional modernity’, with various manifestations in the different communities of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews, which got different shapes in relations to location (towns/ villages etc) and the characteristics of the local surroundings. The understanding of these patterns is important not only for historical studies, but also for educators who cope with current educational challenges in the different diasporas of Caucasian ‘Mountain’ Jews nowadays.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126311586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soviet Belarusian Shtetl: Between Tradition and Modernization in the 1920s and 1930s","authors":"Arkadi Zeltser","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2021.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1920-1930s, the Soviet policy of transformations, the mass migrations of the Jews (especially the youth) from the towns to the big cities, and the desire of some of the provincial Jews to adopt a modern lifestyle, all had a pronounced effect on the shtetls of Soviet Belorussia. The Jews lost their numerical majority there; they were affected by population aging, and serious changes took place in the employment patterns. At the same time, the process of abandoning the traditional way of life was relatively slow, especially within the framework of the family. If we look at the shtetl as a historical sociocultural phenomenon, we may conclude that it vanished only with the deaths of many of its residents in the Holocaust.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122814056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygamy among Mountain Jews of the Caucasus in XIX – the beginning of the XXth centuries","authors":"E. Norkina","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the study of the traditions of polygamy in the mountain-Jewish community of the Caucasus in the XIX - early XX centuries. By the example of one case of polygamy among mountain Jews in Grozny in 1875, the author proposes to consider the existence of traditions from inside: the description and explanation by mountain Jews motivation of its preservation, the problems in polygamous families. The sources for the study are the correspondence and reports of representatives of imperial authority in the Caucasus, reflecting the spread of the tradition of polygamy among mountain Jews, the journals of the Rabbinical Commission of 1879, as well as ethnographic works explaining the origins and motives of maintaining polygamy. The presented case confirms complex intra-family relationships in polygamous families, the maintenance of the tradition of polygamy in several generations of the same family, the existence of marital relations between close relatives.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Status of Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th-18th Centuries","authors":"A. Michałowska-Mycielska","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2020.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In the 16th–18th centuries the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest Jewish center in Europe, numbering around 750,000 in the mid-18th century.The specific legal situation of the Jews meant that they constituted a separate state group, which enabled the development of self-government institutions and the flourishing of Jewish life.The legal situation of the Jewish population was determined by many factors: the ordinances of kings and private landowners (primarily privileges for Jewish communities),resolutions of the noble diet and dietines, as well as regulations of the town and church authorities.The diversity of these factors meant that the situation of Jews varied significantly from place to place.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131098565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisoners Nos. 41 and 42. The Fates of Victor Alter and Henrik Erlich in Soviet Prison","authors":"Szymon Rudnicky, Victoria V. Mochalova","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article about the leaders of the Bund in Poland – Viktor Alter and Henrik Erlich, based mainly on materials collected by Erlich’s son, Viktor Erlich, describes their fate in the USSR. Arrested and sentenced to death in 1941, they were released after signing the Sikorsky – Maisky Pact. They negotiated with representatives of the Soviet government to create a Jewish anti-fascist committee; December 3, 1941 they were again arrested in Kuibyshev. The article on the basis of the NKVD documents describes their stay in prison and the actions of state security agencies.Henrik Erlich committed suicide, and Victor Alter was executed without a sentence. Only after their death did the Soviet authorities publish a false argument for their arrest and second death penalty.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127018273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Klezmer Music in the Context of East European Musical Culture","authors":"W. Feldman","doi":"10.31168/2658-3364.2020.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2020.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The repertoire and social role of the klezmer musician in Eastern Europe can be best appreciated within the context of the broader “traditional” musical life of East European Jews. From the early seventeenth century onward the emphasis on the “Jewishness” and halakhic validity of all aspects of life now became fixed and part of local custom (minhag). This merging of the sacred and the secular came to affect music and dance just as it did costume, through the internal action of the Jewish community, not pressure from external sources. The instrumental klezmer music and the accompanying profession of badkhones (wedding orator) displayed both the fusion of the religious and secular in Jewish life, and a continuing tension between secular and religious allusions, moods, and techniques. The “Jewishness” in musical style – especially in instrumental klezmer music but also in Hasidic niggunim and to some extent in Yiddish song – grew by a process of cultural differentiation.This process involved both the preservation and development of ancient features, and the reinterpretation of borrowed musical material to suit principles alien to the original source.This chapter briefly characterizes the system of repertoires and genres of the East European Jews, beginning with the music of prayer, through the various paraliturgical songs, to the music of Hasidism, and the many sub-genres of religious, secular and professional song in the Yiddish language. The chapter concludes with a presentation of the two established musical professionals in traditional East European Jewish life – the khazn (cantor) and the klezmer.","PeriodicalId":261165,"journal":{"name":"Judaic-Slavic Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}