{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Capsicum annuum L. cultivars from Bosnia and Herzegovina using EST-SSR markers","authors":"Jasmin Šutković, Petar Glamočlija, L. Karić","doi":"10.37868/bes.v3i1.id226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v3i1.id226","url":null,"abstract":"With a significant economic value, pepper (Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae) represents a major vegetable crop worldwide. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and expressed sequence tags (EST-SSR) are powerful tools for genetic studies and the breeding of pepper. In this study, the genetic variability among local pepper species was assessed by using 8 EST/SSR markers. The pepper varieties were collected locally, based on old sorts, hybrids, and sorts found in markets, with a total of 14 pepper varieties. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from s 0.30 to 0.83 in the populations studied, whereas the mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.62. The average polymorphic number of alleles per primer was 2.5 per locus. The genetic relationships among the populations revealed by Neighbor-Joining dendrogram showed a clear clustering to three sub-populations making distinct clusters. As expected, all local varieties make up one cluster, together with the hybrid Istra, concluding that this hybrid evolved from the cross-breeding of local varieties. These results indicate and confirm the regional and physiological differences between the pepper sorts.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129965380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) application in bacterial gene editing and biosensor production","authors":"Ilma Kotorić","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i2.id190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i2.id190","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleic acid analogues are used in protein synthesis, as their effects on gene expression are confirmed, and play a crucial and important role during transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes in the cell. Due to the many remaining challenges associated with genetic engineering, current research mainly focuses on new materials such as peptide nucleic acids [PNA] and locked nucleic acids [LNA]. PNAs and LNAs have been developed to mimic the chemical characteristics of DNA and RNA and to show improved properties. They represent synthetic DN/RNA analogues in which the phosphodiester backbone is replaced with unchanged aminoethylglycine units, being very resistant to enzymatic degradation by proteases and nucleases. This review summarizes the application of nucleic acid analogues in the inhibition of gene expression in bacterial genomes, as well as the usage in the development of high-performance affinity biosensors.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128449721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on Microarray technology in molecular diagnostics","authors":"Abas Sezer","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i2.id191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i2.id191","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in technology opened many doors, increased opportunities in various research fields, and helped create tools and devices required for many analyses. One of them is microarray technology. It is widely used in numerous research areas including infection biology, detection of small noncoding RNAs, microarray-based gene expression profiling, and many more. Microarray implementation in molecular diagnostics and their use as diagnostic devices are considered a step closer to precision medicine. Further advances in microarray technology can potentially help with the identification of new pathogens, improvement in medicine, and better drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in molecular diagnostics","authors":"Mervisa Halilović-Alihodžić","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i2.id194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i2.id194","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful molecular cytogenetic approach for identifying chromosomal abnormalities. CGH allows researchers to scan whole genomes for changes in DNA copy numbers. Starting in 2004, the array CGH became an irreplaceable method for the detection of gene mutations in people with congenital and developmental abnormalities, such as intellectual disability, dysmorphic characteristics, developmental delay, or several congenital deformities without an obvious syndrome pattern. This review focuses on the evolution of array CGH technology and its use in molecular diagnostics and its advantages over older cytogenetic tools. This review further highlights special arrays developed in the past decade which detect small intragenic copy number changes as well as large DNA segments for the region of heterozygosity.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"12 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132707689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)","authors":"Adna Smajkan","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i2.id192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i2.id192","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique used for the detection of specific DNA sequences within the chromosome. It relies on the complementary binding between the fluorescently labeled probe and the target sequence. This paper describes how this method was first developed, and the basic principle and the procedure behind it. Furthermore, it covers the basic applications of FISH, including its use in microbiological diagnostics, diagnosis of solid tumors, diagnosis of hematological malignancies, evaluation of sperm and diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome, along with its applications in plants.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"64 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121002081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome & Breast Cancer – short review","authors":"N. Islam","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i1.id182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i1.id182","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women and the second largest cause of mortality in the entire population worldwide. This review investigated how breast cancer is patho-physiologically associated with obesity which is defined by body mass index ≥30 kg/ and metabolic syndrome which leads to type 2 diabetes in pre and postmenopausal women. It also addressed the controversy relating the definition of BMI. The biological markers in breast cancer currently in use are ER, PR, HER2, uPA, and PAI-1. This study looked into future of predictive and prognostic biomarkers, such as exosome by altering interaction of distant cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and the breast cancer progress.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In silico interactome analysis of cross-link repair proteins (RPA32b and RPA2) in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Amina Karić, M. R. Abdel Gawwad","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i1.id180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i1.id180","url":null,"abstract":"DNA molecule is found in every cell in a living organism and function as an instruction manual for growth, development, as well as any other processes that happen. As the cell divide, it needs to copy its DNA. During the copying, an error can occur, which can lead to a disease. However, there are different error repair mechanisms that are searching for an error, and repairing it. This study focused on 2 proteins involved in DNA repair mechanism, RPA32B and RPA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Throughout multiple in silico approached, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, 3D visualisation, combination and interaction, we confirmed that the RPA2 and RPA 32b are involved in DNA replication, meiotic recombination and DNA repair mechanism.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemical antioxidant levels by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay","authors":"Ajla Pleh, Lejla Mahmutović, Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i1.id178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i1.id178","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of some phytochemicals by using an H2O2 scavenging assay. Betaine, Allantoin and Nicotinamide were put to the test. Even though hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not intrinsically reactive, it can be transformed into the extremely reactive and harmful hydroxyl radical (HO), which is then able to interact with nucleotides in deoxyribose nucleic acid and in that way trigger breakage of the strand resulting in carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, etc. Antioxidants aid in the protection of cells from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species that are known to induce oxidative stress. Excessive production of these reactive oxygen species in the human body is associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, etc. The effective way to minimize levels of oxidative stress is the ability to scavenge these reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, phytochemicals are able to act as antioxidants, and in that way play a vital role in the prevention of disease caused by oxidative stress. The ability of a compound to scavenge H2O2 is a good predictor of its potential antioxidant function. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay was determined using the Ruch et al., 1989 method, and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In conclusion, our samples had marvellous H2O2 scavenging activity and possessed good antioxidant capability, and were compared with the ascorbic acid (vitamin c) as standard natural antioxidant/ as reference antioxidant. The samples were also able to scavenge H2O2 in a concentration-dependent way, according to our results","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126771958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathogenic viruses and viral vectors in plants: A comprehensive review","authors":"Azra Alimanović","doi":"10.37868/bes.v2i1.id179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i1.id179","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are extremely small obligate molecular parasites that can be seen only with an electron microscope. In plant pathology there are the organisms named plant viral vectors whose task is to transmit pathogens. Transmission of vector can be mechanical and insect that present two pathways which allow the spreading of plant virus particles. Plant virologists with other association in molecular biology and plant pathology nominated top 10 viruses based on scientific and economic importance. This paper reviews the current standing of most known antiviral defense mechanism called RNA silencing and most known molecular diagnostic method in plant pathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121444728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9: A new approach to genome editing and clinical treatment","authors":"Ilma Meša","doi":"10.37868/bes.v3i1.id215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37868/bes.v3i1.id215","url":null,"abstract":"The development of clustered short palindromic repeats within the CRISPR/Cas system for genome editing has opened up new possibilities for direct targeting and modification of genome sequences in all eukaryotic cells. This opens up new perspectives in the field of biotechnology and new treatment options for human diseases. The year 2012 was of crucial importance, as at that time CRIPSR-Cas9 was introduced in an interesting way, which gave hope to patients with inherited diseases, as more competent work was now being done to improve various strategies and models of the CRISPR-Cas system. The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, its applications for treatment and delivery, and future prospects are summarized in this review. Although there are still concerns about the efficiency and safety of this method, its success cannot be denied, nor can the fact that genome editing in this way will soon be used in clinical practice, making the work and the treatment itself much easier.","PeriodicalId":261144,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122255574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}