The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society最新文献

{"title":"Riparian Butterflies along the San Diego River, California USA: Natural Areas to Urban Environments","authors":"S. Nelson, Rick Wydoski","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i3.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i3.a3","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Butterfly assemblages were studied from 2004 to 2007 at sites along the San Diego River. The purpose was to provide baseline information in the face of possible river improvement projects. We sampled in a protected area and in urban environments in hopes of identifying butterfly assemblages associated with a variety of riparian types. Multivariate analysis identified environmental variables significantly associated with butterfly assemblages such as riparian rank, soil moisture, air temperature, wind speed, nectar abundance, and forb & graminoid richness. There were significant correlations between butterfly species richness, butterfly abundance and a variety of environmental variables, including % shade. Sites located in the Mission Trails Regional Park contained unique butterfly species and were considered high value reference sites. Some butterflies of conservation interest were encountered such as: Panoquina errans Skinner, 1892 (Hesperiidae), Zerene eurydice Boisduval, 1855 (Pieridae), Tharsalea hermes W.H. Edwards, 1870 (Lycaenidae), and Apodemia virgulti Behr, 1865 (Riodinidae). A butterfly-centric metric was derived using species richness and significant variables identified via multivariate analysis to aid in management/monitoring of San Diego riparian sites.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134103190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Epicopeia polydora Westwood, 1841 (Lepidoptera: Epicopeiidae) - A Rare Day Flying Moth from Northwestern Himalaya, India","authors":"R. Lochan, Ananda Kumar, Saurabh Dewan","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Notes on Bark-Feeding Larvae (Aetherastis) on Cinnamomum cassia Trees in Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae: Xyloryctinae)","authors":"D. Quang, P. Thu, N. Thanh, L. Binh, N. Chi, J. Heppner","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Notes are given on the biology and life history of the new species, Aetherastis grandisalba Heppner, 2021, damaging bark of cinnamon trees (Cinnamomum cassia) in Vietnam, along with morphological characteristics of the immature stages of this new lepidopteran pest.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121682543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Life History and Phylogeny of Samia watsoni (Saturniidae), A Relict Species Endemic to China","authors":"R. S. Peigler, Zhengya Liu","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Samia watsoni was reared in Yunnan from eggs received from Zhejiang in 2021. A mature larva was found in the field on Pterostyrax corymbosus (Styracaceae) in 2020, so this tree was used as the hostplant in captivity. Larvae accepted other Styracaceae in captivity. There are probably other hostplants in nature, but captive larvae refused Ailanthus and Liquidambar. The mature larva is light bluish green, white dorsally, with red dorsal scoli and others blue. In captivity the cocoons were wrapped in a leaf attached to the hostplants, but half were spun at the bottom of the cage with weak peduncles, suggesting that some cocoons may occur on the ground in nature. Adults were observed to drink water along the edges of streams, and a functional proboscis is reported for other Attacini.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"11 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123870679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of False Heads in Lycaenid Butterflies","authors":"Lillian K. Hendrick, Ummat Somjee, Juliette J. Rubin, A. Kawahara","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a6","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are known for having an array of antipredator defenses associated with their wing patterns and color, and they have long been considered model organisms for studies on animal mimicry. One of the most fascinating examples of mimicry in the animal kingdom is that of ‘false heads’ — structures that resemble cranial attributes. False heads are predominantly found in the butterfly family Lycaenidae, especially the hairstreak subfamily Theclinae where the false head is found at the posterior margin of the hindwing. These heads are believed to deflect predators to less vulnerable regions of their bodies. False heads are accompanied by a variety of behaviors that may enhance survival, such as walking in a circular pattern and moving hindwings along the sagittal plane. At least five different hypotheses have been proposed to explain why butterflies have evolved false heads in response to predation by visual predators, which we name, summarize, illustrate, and discuss. Our review reveals gaps in our understanding of false head evolution, especially because few experimental studies have tested these hypotheses with appropriate predators. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis and propose avenues for future experimentation. In particular, exploring hypotheses using comparative evolutionary and ecological studies will provide greater understanding of the adaptive significance of these anti-predator structures and behaviors.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114096834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erroneous Hostplant of Colobura annulata (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) in Sepp's Surinaamsche Vlinders [1848–1852] Rectified through Comparison with Original Painting By H. J. Scheller","authors":"H. Gernaat, P. Teunissen, Joke Van Den Heuvel, Frans Barten","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116131345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rediscovery of Papaipema dribi Barnes & Benjamin, 1926 (Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Apameini) After 95 Years","authors":"E. H. Metzler","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a7","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of this note are: 1) to describe the methodology employed for the rediscovery of Papaipema dribi Barnes & Benjamin, a species that was not collected in approximately 100 years. The rediscovery dispels any speculation the species might be extinct; 2) to describe the habitat and provide a list of plants in the location where it was rediscovered; 3) to encourage others to conduct extensive additional research, e.g., life history in frequently flooded habitats, topography and habitat requirements, soil requirements, and larval hostplants; and 4) to find several additional locations in the Lincoln National Forest thereby precluding the National Forest Service from initiating collecting restrictions on a species reported from only three locations in the Sacramento Mountains, Otero County, New Mexico, US. The description of P. dribi was based on a single male specimen collected in August at High Rolls, Otero County, New Mexico, US (Barnes & Benjamin 1926). High Rolls, located on the banks of Fresnal Creek in Fresnal Canyon, is approximately 2.7 km upstream from the mouth of Fresnal Canyon. The elevation of High Rolls is 1,988 m. The village was founded after completion of a railroad through landscapes of steep canyon walls up from Alamogordo, New Mexico, US into Fresnal Canyon. The railroad, completed in 1901 was intended to bring virgin timber down the mountain to lumber mills in Alamogordo, yet it opened the area to tourism and exploration (Friesen 1991). It was quickly settled and flourished with construction of accommodations for tourists, luxury vacation homes and concomitant degradation of native habitats. It seems clear that the railroad construction and tourist access to the area led to the collection of the holotype. In the early 1980s, another male of P. dribi, not included in the original description, was located among some unidentified specimens in the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian). The latter specimen, on loan to E. Quinter, had an old crumbling, nearly illegible label with the data “Bent, N.M.” (E. Quinter, in lit.). The location is thought to be the village of Bent in Otero County, New Mexico, US. Bent, elevation 1,794 m, is located on the banks of the confluence of Tularosa Creek, that flows down Tularosa Canyon, and the smaller Nogal Creek that flows down Nogal Canyon. Homesteads were made by Mexican people in Nogal Canyon in the early 1880s. The early homesteaders converted the natural habitats of Nogal Canyon’s bottom land to agriculture including farming, ranching, cattle grazing, and at least one orchard. The descendants, who proudly refer to themselves as Mexicans, of the early homesteaders retain ownership of the land (D. Salazar, pers, comm.). Both locations of the historical records are on the western side of the Sacramento Mountains, Otero County, New Mexico, US (Fig. 1). Both sites are approximately 50 m higher in elevation than the highest elevation of the bajada at each location at the base of","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126763532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syssphinx Larvae of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas with Emphasis on the Life History of Syssphinx tamaulipasiana","authors":"D. Wagner, Berry B. Nall","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The larva of Syssphinx tamaulipasiana (Brechlin and Meister) is described and compared with the three congeners with which it co-occurs in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas: S. albolineata (Grote & Robinson), S. blanchardi (Ferguson), and S. heiligbrodti (Harvey). All four species feed exclusively on mimosid trees, but have nearly non-overlapping host use. We illustrate six instars of S. tamaulipasiana from a lab-reared cohort and wild last instars of all four moths, and offer a key to their last instars. Three of the four species (all but S. heiligbrodti) are restricted to the Lower Rio Grande Valley, where they are threatened by urbanization and insularization.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124670943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg Laying Behaviour and Larval Shelter-Construction Patterns of the Endangered Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis martialis) Butterfly's Western Population in Canada","authors":"Justis Henault, D. Norris, J. Linton, R. Westwood","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127388964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics and Determinants of Annual Fluctuations of the Endangered Smith's Blue Butterfly, Euphilotes enoptes smithi (Lycaenidae)","authors":"R. A. Arnold","doi":"10.18473/lepi.76i2.a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.76i2.a4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A mark-release-recapture study of the federally-listed Smith's Blue butterfly, Euphilotes enoptes smithi, was conducted in 1986 at Marina State Beach (Monterey County, CA) in coastal sand dune habitat. Demographic parameters estimated included daily and generation population numbers, residency, vagility, and emigration rates. Manly-Parr and Jolly-Seber analyses indicated an estimated 2,657 to 5,875 individuals comprised the 1986 generation, with average residence from 6.7 to 10.1 days (maximum 20 days). Average movements between consecutive observations on different days were 95.1 m for males and 91.0 m for females, while the longest lifetime dispersal observed was 1,230 m by a female. Emigration rates from areas of low quality habitat were as much as 8x greater than those from high quality habitat. Between 1997 and 2017 this butterfly was monitored yearly at three neighboring sand dune remnants in Sand City, CA to determine annual generation sizes. Transect counts of adults conducted during the 21 flight seasons, in conjunction with the frequencies of observed residencies from the 1986 study, indicated estimated generation numbers from 360 to 2,151 for the three sites combined. The observed year-to-year fluctuations in generation sizes were strongly correlated with annual numbers of flowerheads of this butterfly's Eriogonum foodplants, which in turn was correlated with annual precipitation.","PeriodicalId":259893,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126331495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}