International Academic Journal of Economics最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship between Fiscal Policy Shocks and Monetary Stability in Iraq's Economy for the Period 1990-2018","authors":"Basim Khamees Ubid","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v9i1/iaje0902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v9i1/iaje0902","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to measure the impact of positive and negative fiscal policy shocks on monetary stability in Iraq, which represents monetary stability as an indicator of real and price stability. Fiscal policy shocks are quantitative changes in public spending and public revenue affecting the output and price cycle, and fiscal policy despite the accompanying time gaps, but it remains a policy Influential and has a significant degree of impact on economic growth and development in developing countries. The fiscal policy represents a numerical translation of the economic and social objectives planned in the state's general budget tool consistent with the GDP cycle. The economic and social goals stem from the core of the functions and the main objectives of the fiscal policy, namely the allocation of resources, stability and restoration Distribution and these functions, as we know, free market techniques may fail to achieve them, which interferes with the financial policy to address the failure of the market to reach the set goals, and that coordination between fiscal and monetary policies does not mean a loss of independence as much as it means correcting fiscal and monetary policies without causing undesirable adverse effects upon the necessary correction. For local courses Opposing this coordination, and we have touched on the monetary stability index adopted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to discuss the impact of financial shocks on the monetary stability index in Iraq, where the Iraqi economy witnessed positive fiscal and revenue policy shocks with limited negative financial shocks in spending. Public and public revenue and the impact was studied through the existence of long-term relationships that link fiscal policy shocks, i.e. quantitative changes in public spending and public revenue on monetary stability. The boundary test within the Autoregression techniques of distributed Lag demonstrated the existence of a long-term relationship between fiscal policy shocks and monetary stability in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125671686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution Haven Effect and Water Quality","authors":"M. Asghari","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"43 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113986206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Ambidexterity and Its Impact on Organizational Prosperity","authors":"Akarm Alyasiry, J. Kadim, Haidar Abbas","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research paper is to inspect need of ambidexterity for organizations. The core interest of this research is to inspect why organizations should be ambidextrous and how organizations can achieve ambidexterity below the stress of partial assets and competitive marketplace situation. This research paper describes relations and tensions between development and discovery in organizational and individual point of view. Result of this research explores that communication skill of the subunits in this examine is firm need to be strengthened. Subunits need to be free from each other. Though, they should be conscious of other subunits’ proceedings. In this logic, there is want for strong data flow between all units in the study company. Membership of employees and collaboration should be promoted by privileged. This research suggests that creating unique subunits for investigating actions would not only control explorative procedures in the organizations but it would also control exploitative actions. This issue effects on time organization and setting up difficulty for the employees and also folks are abstracted by focusing on contradictory proportions such as explorative and exploitative responsibilities. Behavioral honesty is one of the most significant things. Behavioral honesty is the key feature to give steadiness between subunits. Self-sufficient subunits with general idea lead firms to ambidexterity. The understanding of this research contributes to attainment of organizational ambidexterity in organization. This research was started with beginning to significance of ambidexterity, organizational ambidexterity, exploration and exploitation in scene of lengthy and small term organizational presentation in view of information based and decision-making viewpoint. It also discovered relations and tensions between this scope such as exploration and exploitation in conditions of community and individual viewpoint, background and structural ambidexterity, social maintain and presentation management, lively and ambidextrous capabilities with suggestion of this research. The impulsion to innovate has forced the significance of organization’s capability to both explore and explode new dreams or what is referred to as ambidexterity. This research looked at ambidexterity as a forecaster of teams’ awareness of their originality. It also looked at the brunt of culture-power distance, hesitation evasion, communism, manliness, and short-term direction IT teams’ explorative and exploitative behaviors. The consequences also illustrate that team ambidexterity is a analyst of modernism. Control remoteness is unenthusiastically DOI: 10.9756/IAJE/V6I1/1910001 Received:18 January 2019/Accepted:22 April 2019/Published:25 June 2019 International Academic Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-16. 2 connected to explorative actions. Communalist distinctiveness is definitely linked with both explorative and exploitative actions. Manly behavior similar","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114986973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of the Status of Productivity in Self-employed Jobs in Kermanshah","authors":"Shahram Fattahi, Nazanin Zahra Sotoudeh","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910003","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, one of the goals and aspirations of nations and countries is to provide a good life with welfare and prosperity for themselves and others in today's world. Productivity is a cultural attitude where human being intelligently performs his activities to achieve the best results in achieving material and intellectual goals. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the productivity rate in tradesmen of Kermanshah city using standard questionnaire. To this end, 12 occupational families (bakery, jewelry, confectionary, supermarket, coffee net, construction materials, clothing, footwear retail, mobile retail, stationery store, airline agencies and cosmetic) have been selected and each group is considered as a class. Through simple random sampling in the classes, 50 members have been selected from each occupational family. Then, data analysis has been done through SPSS. Airline agencies with mean productivity of 3.345 has the highest productivity and confectionary store and footwear retail with means of 3.237 and 3.228 are at the next ranks. The occupational families of jewelry and construction materials are at the last ranks of this rating.","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124114172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of Computerized Accounting System by SMEs in Benin City","authors":"A. Dabor, M. Aggreh, Mercy Aneru","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation of non-executive directors and ownership concentration with discretionary accrual accounting","authors":"Mohammadreza Abdoli, M. Abolghasemi","doi":"10.9756/IAJE/V6I1/1910010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/IAJE/V6I1/1910010","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we consider the relationship and the effect of performance of non executive directors and ownership concentration on earnings manipulation by company's managers. On the basis of governance rule and also Iran business rule, the companies in Tehran stock exchange should abide about the combination of the board and also interrelated committee and protect minority stockholders against majority. In order to do this research, the information of the companies in financial statements and the reports of the Tehran stock exchange have been used. For the measurements of the earnings smoothing John's adjusted model has been used and for the measurement of the concentration of company's ownership \"Herfindal\" and \"Hireshman\" has been used. The choice of the companies is randomly and the confidence interval has been considered %95 .For research , observe 435 corporation- year and time period is 2005 – 2010. The results of the research reveal don't meaningful relationship of non executive directors and discretionary accrual accounting and the relationship is a positive. In companies which the concentration of ownership is high, management and earnings manipulation is also high and has a meaningful relationship and negative with these variables. The segregation of the companies into government and private causes to different the results. In private companies the concentration of the ownership is little and the statistical mean of discretionary accrual accounting items is low and non executive directors ratio is low but in governmental corporations statistical mean of discretionary accrual accounting item is high and ratio of corporations that has internal auditing is high to private corporations . Further more almost of non executive directors in Iranian corporation have nonfinancial technique and knowledge and ratio of them in board corporation is higher than executive directors.","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133197046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics review of entrepreneurship from the perspective of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH)","authors":"H. Ahmadi, Mohsen Ali Ahmadi Jeshfaqhany, Gholamreza Rasuolnezhad, Shiva Amirbehbood","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115887467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of relation between marketing strategies with export act of active nutritive industry cooperatives in Kurdistan on phase approach","authors":"Nazyar Haddadi, A. Shojaei","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910005","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays exporter cooperatives of nutritive industries are looking for ways to increase export of their products. Marketing strategies can present suitable strategies. The present study is applications and its amount correlative-scaling researches such had done in active nutritive industry cooperatives in Kurdistan (spring 94). The main question is whether is there a relation between marketing strategies and export act of active nutritive industry cooperatives? the study's statistical society contains active cooperatives exporting nutritive industries i n Kurdistan. They are 5 cooperative companies with 7 members, and totally 35 responders. This study had used standard questionnaire of marital comparisons as the main tool for measurement and ranking. The study findings show that there is a meaningful relation between marketing strategies and export act of exporter cooperatives.","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"19 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114107886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Capital Structure and Its Impact on Tax Payment through Free Cash Flow to State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia Stock Exchange","authors":"Abdul Aziz, D. Susetyo, Isnurhadi, M. Widiyanti","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910002","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of working capital, current year profit, sales growth, fixed assets, and firm size to tax payment through a capital structure and free cash flow on the stateowned enterprises in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The design of this research is associative. Samples used as many as 20 state-owned enterprises that have gone public in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Collection method using the documentation and literature method. The analysis technique using path analysis, estimation model using ANOVA test and classical assumption, which consist of data normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and coefficient of determination test. The results showed: working capital, current year profit, sales growth, fixed assets, and firm size positive and significant effect on the capital structure, free cash flow, and the tax payment, but no significant effect on free cash flow through capital structure, and also no significant effect to the tax payment through the capital structure and through the free cash flow.","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"105 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123557134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The service - oriented architecture and service storage of establishing safe or secure communication among island systems","authors":"Abbas Gholamzadeh","doi":"10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259795,"journal":{"name":"International Academic Journal of Economics","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}