International Law and Litigation最新文献

L’accès direct de la personne privée à la juridiction internationale : Une comparaison entre l’arbitrage d’investissement et le contentieux de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme 个人直接获得国际管辖权:投资仲裁与欧洲人权法院诉讼的比较

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 2019-06-03 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-147

Edoardo Stoppioni

引用次数: 0

The Procrustean Bed of Colonial Laws: A Case of the British Empire in India 殖民法的普罗克鲁斯坦之床:大英帝国在印度的一个案例

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 2019-06-03 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-183

P. Menon

{"title":"The Procrustean Bed of Colonial Laws: A Case of the British Empire in India","authors":"P. Menon","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-183","url":null,"abstract":"The Anglicization of law in the British Empire was primarily based on the perceived primitiveness of the native laws and the superiority of the modern British legal system. Maintaining the South Asian ‘identity’ of the law, while distancing the law from the community it belonged to, the British used procedural mechanisms to tilt the jurisprudence towards the Anglo direction. Procedural justice is often considered as the last bastion of a means to just and equitable practices; this paper hopes to expose the dark sides of the procedural mechanisms that succeeded in helping the British gain control over the Indian polity, through a contrast of the pre-colonial legal systems of India against the British legal interventions. Historical accounts of post-colonial legal systems suffer from, what Dipesh Chakrabarty calls, the “first in Europe, then elsewhere” structure of historical time,1 ignoring in entirety the pre-colonial identity of the subaltern. Such historicist arguments lead to a characterization that Indians were not yet civilized to govern themselves. To overcome these characterizations, the possibilities are twofold: first, to demonstrate how the natives were not in fact uncivilized as the colonial powers claimed, thus delegitimizing the colonial attempts to civilize; second, to demonstrate how the attempts to civilize were in fact a means to subordinate the natives, rendering inconclusive the narrative that portrays a “practical European” nature against a “mythical-religious Orient”.2 The exploration of these two possiI.","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117139119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation 州际诉讼中的网络间谍活动

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-271

M. Benatar

引用次数: 1

Domestic and Multilateral Forums for the Judicial Review of U.S. Trade Remedy Determinations: Complementary or Conflicting? 美国贸易救济决定司法审查的国内和多边论坛:互补还是冲突?

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-479

H. Asmelash

{"title":"Domestic and Multilateral Forums for the Judicial Review of U.S. Trade Remedy Determinations: Complementary or Conflicting?","authors":"H. Asmelash","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-479","url":null,"abstract":"I. Introduction \u0000Trade remedies such as antidumping and countervailing measures are the most popular policy instruments employed by countries to protect their domestic industries from “unfair” foreign competition. The Agreements on Antidumping (the “AD Agreement”) and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (the “SCM Agreement”) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) permit the use of such remedies as an exception to the general WTO principles of non-discrimination and tariff bindings. However, the use of trade remedies is subject to substantive and procedural restrictions aimed at preventing their potential misuse for protectionist reasons. Trade remedies may only be applied when the competent national authorities determine that there are dumped or subsidized imports causing material injury to the domestic industry. Such determinations can also be challenged domestically through tribunals designated for this purpose and/or multilaterally through the WTO dispute settlement system. Domestic tribunals typically apply domestic trade remedy legislations, but these legislations are substantially similar to the provisions of the relevant WTO Agreements. The major difference between domestic and multilateral judicial review of trade remedy determinations is procedural. The question arises, therefore, whether these procedural differences make the two forums complementary or competing. This chapter sets out to address this question by exploring some of the key procedural differences, namely, standing, standard of review and remedies, between the domestic and multilateral forums for the judicial review of trade remedy determinations. \u0000The chapter proceeds as follows. Part II presents some of the key issues in trade remedy determinations. The use of trade remedies is a controversial issue in international trade. While some argue that trade remedies constitute unnecessary barriers to international trade, others contend that trade remedies play an important role in promoting fair international trade and competition. The AD and SCM Agreements represent attempts to reconcile these concerns. While they allow the use of trade remedies, they limit their use by imposing extensive substantive and procedural restrictions. These restrictions will be outlined in this Part to provide the necessary context for the discussion on the judicial review of trade remedy determinations. The term ‘trade remedy determinations’ refers to three types of investigations carried out by domestic authorities to impose import restrictions for the purpose of protecting domestic industries from unfair foreign competition: safeguards, antidumping and countervailing measures. The focus of this chapter is, however, limited to antidumping and countervailing determinations. Antidumping and countervailing measures address different challenges; antidumping duties are aimed at addressing the practice of dumping whereby foreign producers/exporters sell their product in the domestic market at a price","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Due Process and Procedural Law in Accountability Mechanisms: The Case of the World Bank 问责机制中的正当程序和程序法:以世界银行为例

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-569

A. N. Chaib

引用次数: 0

Consent to Arbitration through Legislation 通过立法同意仲裁

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-447

C. Schreuer

{"title":"Consent to Arbitration through Legislation","authors":"C. Schreuer","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-447","url":null,"abstract":"Arbitration, by definition, is always based on an agreement between the disputing parties. In investment arbitration, the agreement is frequently not contained in a direct contract between the disputing parties but results from a general offer by the host State that may be taken up by an eligible investor. In practice, the most frequently used method to give consent to arbitration is through a treaty between the host State and the investor’s State of nationality. Most bilateral investment treaties (BITs) contain clauses offering arbitration to the nationals of one State party to the treaty against the other State party to the treaty. The same method is employed by a number of regional multilateral treaties such as the NAFTA and the Energy Charter Treaty. These offers of consent contained in treaties must be perfected by an acceptance on the part of the investor. Another technique to give consent to arbitration is through a ‘general terms’ provision in the national legislation of the host State offering arbitration to foreign investors. Many capital-importing countries have adopted such provisions. The investor may accept the offer in writing at any time while the legislation is in effect. Unless otherwise provided in the legislation, the acceptance may be made simply by instituting proceedings.1 The possibility that a host State may express its consent to arbitration under the ICSID Convention through a provision in its national legislation or through some other form of unilateral declaration was discussed during the Convention’s preparation. It was uncontested that a unilateral acceptance by Contracting States of ICSID’s jurisdiction constituted an offer that could be accepted by a forI.","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parallel and Overlapping Proceedings in International Economic Law: Towards an Ordered Co-existence 国际经济法平行与重叠诉讼:走向有序共存

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-331

L. B. D. Chazournes

{"title":"Parallel and Overlapping Proceedings in International Economic Law: Towards an Ordered Co-existence","authors":"L. B. D. Chazournes","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-331","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of courts and tribunals at the international level brings diversity to international dispute settlement. This multiplicity gives rise to an increasing number of parallel and competing proceedings. Given the relatively recent vintage of this multiplicity of courts and tribunals, such parallel proceedings have, until recently, been rare. As such, international courts and tribunals have had little need to resort to procedural tools for coordinating jurisdiction and, in contrast to domestic legal systems, there had been a paucity of practice amongst international judicial actors having recourse to such tools. Moreover, no real emphasis had been placed on the importance of the role that appropriate procedural rules play in coordinating international jurisdiction. That is, however, beginning to change and this change has been prompted by the problems caused by uncoordinated dispute settlement. There are a number of undesirable consequences that arise from uncoordinated dispute settlement, including, but not limited to, abusive forum shopping, wasted resources, uncertainty, and conflicting judgments.1 The latter can occur when different tribunals make different decisions on disputes with the same facts. The cases of Lauder2 and CME v. Czech Republic3 are an example of conflicting decisions in the area of investment arbitraI.","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128040164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La qualité étatique accordée par le juge interne : Une reconnaissance procédurale de l’État ? 国内法官授予的国家地位:对国家的程序性承认?

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-233

M. Belkahla

引用次数: 0

La reconnaissance juridictionnelle des monnaies virtuelles 虚拟货币的司法承认

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-301

Alain Zamaria

{"title":"La reconnaissance juridictionnelle des monnaies virtuelles","authors":"Alain Zamaria","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-301","url":null,"abstract":"Le droit international monétaire est l’une des rares branches du droit international à échapper au phénomène de juridictionnalisation. Dans son cours sur « La Monnaie en Droit International Public » dispensé en 1929 à l’Académie de la Haye, le baron Boris Nolde mentionne dès le chapitre premier « la carence de la doctrine juridique sur la monnaie »1: « la monnaie n’est-elle pas un phénomène essentiellement économique, au sujet duquel le juriste, et à plus forte raison le juriste international, n’ont rien ou presque à dire ? Si le juriste traite la question, ce n’est que de façon accidentelle, on pourrait presque dire en passant, sans jamais en faire le centre de ses études ».2 Pourrait-on également dire du juge qu’il traite « en passant » la question monétaire ? De prime abord, une telle assertion est contestable. Les effets des décisions monétaires prises par une banque centrale, telles qu’une dépréciation monétaire, ne sont pas dénuées de conséquences juridiques et juridictionnelles, et ce, dans de nombreuses branches du droit.3 Les considérations monétaires ne sont pas non plus ignorées du juge, lequel peut anticiper les conséquences monétaires de ses décisions. Le simple fait, pour le juge français, de se référer à « l’évaluation des dégâts [...] à la date où [...] il pouvait être procédé aux travaux destinés à les réparer » signifie une prise en compte de l’inflation lorsque celle-ci dévalue la réparation de dommages matériels.4 Enfin, un contentieux judiciaire lié à la monnaie I.","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134273904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substantive and Procedural Rules in International Adjudication: Exploring their Interaction in Intervention before the International Court of Justice 国际审判中的实体规则和程序规则:探讨它们在国际法院干预中的相互作用

International Law and Litigation Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845299051-37

M. Papadaki

{"title":"Substantive and Procedural Rules in International Adjudication: Exploring their Interaction in Intervention before the International Court of Justice","authors":"M. Papadaki","doi":"10.5771/9783845299051-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-37","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we will follow the thread of the separation of substantive and procedural rules in international adjudication and its importance in international law, using as our example intervention before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). As succinctly put by Judge Weeramantry “intervention affords an example par excellence of the celebrated observation that substantive law is often secreted in the interstices of procedure. The subject is therefore one of special importance, not merely in the sphere of procedure but in the sphere of substantive law as well.”1 We begin our analysis by briefly sketching the origins of this separation, to demonstrate its importance, while noting that boundaries are not only blurred but also permeable. We then turn to examining the history and practice of intervention before the ICJ. More specifically, a typology of interactions shows how procedure can uphold and reflect the values carried by substantive rules and how substantive rules can in turn shape the interpretation of procedural rules. Our goal is to draw an impressionistic picture of the role of intervention through a different and largely under-explored angle of the interaction between substance and procedure. I.","PeriodicalId":259556,"journal":{"name":"International Law and Litigation","volume":"16 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134352132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0