Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Flushing Time of Shatt Al-Arab River, South of Iraq","authors":"A. Al-Kaabi, S. Al-Taei, A. Lafta, S. S. Abdullah","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v31i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v31i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"Flushing time for tidal rivers and estuaries is of great benefits for those involved in taking appropriate decisions in water resources management. Shatt Al-Arab River is the main and only source of fresh water to Basra City, South of Iraq. Unfortunately, this river is facing an environmental deterioration as a result of presence of many pollution sources. The calculated flushing time of the river helps to estimate the expected time needed to renew the river water. Fresh water fraction method was used to calculate flushing time. The results showed that three factors are responsible for affecting the value of flushing time. These factors are upstream coming flow discharge, phenomenon of tide and lastly the location distance from the estuary. The results also showed that the flushing time of the northern part of the river from Maqal port until the confluence with Karun River are much more than that of southern part. Results also showed that the flushing time for the whole parts of the river was 2.4 months.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124332888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on some reproductive features of Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq","authors":"A. Abdullah, S.S. AI-Noor","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v30i2.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v30i2.116","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted from December 2013 to November 2014 to investigate the reproductive features of Himri Carasobarbus luteus in the Northern reaches of Shatt Al-Arab river in Southern Iraq. The samples were collected using seine, gill, cast nets as well as electrofishing. A total of 351 specimens from himri were caught but only mature individuals were chosen to estimate the absolute and relative fecundity and egg diameters. The results of the present research revealed that the highest GSI values were recorded in male and female (4.63 and 11.99) during the April month. Absolute fecundity was increased with length, weight and gonads weight, and it was ranged as 2098 eggs for 131 mm total length and 35 g weight to 14147 eggs for 209 mm total length and 131 g weight. Relationship between length, weight and reproductive parameters were highly significant. A highest relative condition factor of females (1.24) was calculated in March 2014.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125646746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of four new records of Naidid (Oligochaeta) to the Iraqi fauna","authors":"M. Al-Abbad","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v29i2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v29i2.131","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is concerned with the new records of oligochaete species to the Iraqi fauna. The oligochaete specimens were collected from shallow water of six sites on the bank of Shatt Al-Arab river, southern Iraq, during the period from March to August 2011. These oligochaetes were isolated from the surface layer of sediment and submerged plants. The species are Dero cooperi Stephenson, 1932, Dero sawayai Marcus, 1943, Pristinella idrensis (Sperber, 1948), and Pristinella notopora (Cernosvitov, 1937), they were recorded for the first time from Iraq. Measurements and the most important diagnostic features of these species were presented. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Organochlorine pesticide residues in the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf system","authors":"A. Douabul, A. Al-Timari","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v29i2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v29i2.129","url":null,"abstract":"Organochlorine pesticides are a class of toxic compounds characterized by their relative chemical and biological stability. They are ubiquitous in the environments and are soluble in liquids. Consequently Organochlorine pesticides have been placed on “the top of black list” of potential environmental hazards. Studies on Organochlorine residues have been carried out between 1979-1991. The residues were determined in water, sediments and organisms collected from the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf system. Most of the data confirmed the present of ∑DDT, Endrin, Dieldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. Their concentrations ranged from nd-336, nd-111, 12-195, nd-57 and nd-79 ng/l in dissolved, from 0.1-2560, nd-217, nd-0.97 , nd-171 and nd-679 µg/kg in particulate and from 0.04-220, nd-47, nd-22, nd from nd-24 µg/kg in sediments from 1-189, nd-154, nd-32, nd-58 and nd-6 ppb in fish, from 0.59-784, 166-540, 2-72, 5-3.1 and nd ppb in mussel and from 0.3-6.3, nd-0.4, nd-0.8, nd and nd-0.3 ppb in shrimp respectively. In the last decade only two studies on Organochlorine residues have been done. One of them in the Mesopotamian wetlands of southern Iraq in which residues of p,p´-DDT have been detected in 100% of the examined samples. This indicates its ability to persist under severe drying of previously exposed surface sediments, long period of more than 10 years of previously exposed surface sediments, high temperature, and intensive solar radiation, and the other by using samples of water, sediment, fish and shrimp from Hor Al-Hammar Marshes of Iraq, high concentration of chlordane in both water and sediments were shown. Therefore further work is needed to establish the baseline levels of Organochlorine residue in the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf region. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and histochemical studies on the olfactory rosette of bagrid catfish, Rita kuturnee (Sykes, 1839)","authors":"Saroj Kumar Ghosh, P. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v31i1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v31i1.107","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the functional anatomy, histological features and histochemical localization of two enzymes viz., alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of the olfactory epithelium in Rita kuturnee were described. The structural organization of the olfactory epithelium was studied by using the histological and histochemical techniques. The morpho-anatomical study revealed that the paired olfactory chambers were situated at the dorsal-lateral sides of the snout, which was communicated outside by an anterior and posterior nasal openings. The elongated olfactory rosette lied at the bottom of chamber and supported with 54-56 lamellae on either side of the central narrow raphe. The histological analysis characterized the olfactory epithelium of lamellae which was made up of receptor, flagellated supporting, non-flagellated supporting, labyrinth, mucous and basal cells. Intense alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activity were evidenced in the receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells and also in blood cells of the central core. Various cells lining the olfactory epithelium were correlated with the functional significance of the fish was concerned.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127006259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and ecological distribution of aquatic (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Sullein marsh in Basrah, South of Iraq","authors":"D. K. Kareem, Asmaa A. AL-Edani","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v30i1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v30i1.123","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was done during the period between April 2012 and March 2013 in Sullein Marsh, Basrah South of Iraq. Results recorded four families, four genera and four species of hemipteran insects community in different seasons. The families are Corixidae included the species Sigara lateralis (Leach, 1817), Macrovellidae included the species Macrovelia hornii (Uhler, 1872), Pleidae included the species Plealeachi (McGregor and Kirkaldy, 1899) and Mesovillidae included two species Mesovelia vittigera (Horvath, 1895) (apterous) and M. vettigera (macropterous). Some physico-chemical parameters were measured, such as air and water temperatures, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn) in water. Analysis showed that air and water temperatures correlated with distribution of aquatic Hemiptera, the highest numbers of insects were collected in Winter months and lowest numbers collected in Summer months, the maximum rate of air temperature was 41 ºC in July and the minimum was 13 ºC in January, the maximum and the minimum rates of water temperatures were 32 ºC and 7 ºC in the same months, the maximum range of DO was 11 mg/l in January and the minimum was 8 in July, the maximum concentration of salinity was 3.3 g/l in July and the minimum was 2.8 g/l in January and February. About pH the maximum range was 8.2 in January and the minimum was 7.4 in June and July. Maximum concentration of Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn were 215.01, 22.78, 18.54 and 223.14 μg/l respectively in July. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126059962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic study for embryonic and larval development of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758)","authors":"A. Mojer","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v30i2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v30i2.113","url":null,"abstract":"The early development of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) was studied from fertilizing until juvenile stage. The series developmental staging was done using morphological characteristics. Results identified eight main periods of embryogenesis: zygote, morula, blastula, gastrula, neurella, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching period. Results also identified and described nine larval development stages: hatching larva stage, rudimentary - pectoral fin and gill arch stage, melanoid-eye with gas bladder emergence stage, one chamber gas bladder with yolk absorption stage, two chamber gas bladder stage, pelvic fin bud with dorsal fin formation stage, anal-caudal and pelvic fin formation stage, squamation stage and juvenile stage. Hatching occurred at 38h after egg fertilization. The fertilized egg was spherical, yellowish, transparent and 2.5 mm in diameter. The transition from larva to juvenile occurred in 30 days.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129868519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial mats covering recent sediments in the tidal flats of Khor Al-Zubair South of Iraq, NW Arabian Gulf","authors":"B. Albadran, L. F. Al-Kaaby","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v31i2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v31i2.100","url":null,"abstract":"This present study was deal with the microbial sedimentary structures which are mainly induced by the cyanobacteria in the tidal flats of Khor Al-Zubair, North west of the Arabian Gulf. There are three types of sedimentary structures in the area; (i) physical genetics, (ii) biological genetics and (iii) bio-physical genetics. The last one represents the microbial induced sedimentary structure appeared in ten forms, which led to increasing of tidal flats resistance to erosion process and concentrating the coarse grain sizes that accompanied with these structures. The identification of cyanobacteria shows five genera, four of them are filamentous; Microcoleus sp., Lyngbya spp., Oscillatoria spp., and Schizothrix sp., while the other is coccoid Aphanothece sp.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117231922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Present Status of Fish Farm in Floating Cages at Thi-Qar Governorate","authors":"N. N. Abbood, A. Jabir, K. H. Youns","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v32i1.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v32i1.92","url":null,"abstract":"A field survey has been conducted for number of floating cages fish farms in 2016 at Thi-Qar Governorate. During a field visits for fish farms, we have distributed a survey forms, results of the survey showed that the number of fish breeding farms in cages in Thi-Qar Governorate reached 22 licensed farms included 458 cages were distributed on 7 districts. Highest number of cages was at Refayi District (164 cages) (41.20 %) of total number, and lowest number was at Shatra District (10 cages) (2.51 %) of total number. Farmed area of cages amounted 5926 m2, and total size 12637 m3, the highest of them were at Qalaat Cikar District (surface area = 2288 m2, 38 %; size = 5056 m3 40 %), while the lowest were at Shatra District (surface area = 120 m2, 2.05 %; size = 240 m3 1.89 %). Hilla’s Farms were the most sources of providing small fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for fish farms and floating cages in Thi-Qar Governorate, where farms of Suqal shuyukh District, Refayi District, Bathaa District and Al-Nasur District were 100 % depend on Hilla’s farms. Mechanical method was the common method for feeding the farmed fish in most of Districts in the Governorate. Farmed fish rates in floating cages ranged between 200-150 g in most of the districts of the Governorate while fish marketing rates have ranged between 1.000 g - 1800 g. Duration of breeding period was ranged between 7-9 months in most of districts. Fish farming rates were convergent in all districts and ranged between 39-52 fish/m3, while the overall rate in the Governorate was 40 fish /m3.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in muscles of commercial fishes from Iraqi waters","authors":"F. Al-imarah, A. Nasir, A. Al-Timari, L.J.M. Al-Anbar","doi":"10.58629/mjms.v32i1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v32i1.93","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the muscles of eight kind of fishes from National Iraqi Waters, Five marine species viz., Euryglossa orientalis, Otolithes ruber, Lethvinus nebulosus, Epinephelus coioides and Johnieops sina which were collected from Iraqi marine waters, and three species viz, Cyprinus carpio, Carasobarbus luteus and Plantiliza abu which were collected from Shatt Al-Arab river fresh water. All fishes were collected during spring and autumn seasons within the year 2015. Recorded total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish species from Iraqi national waters were varied between 0.054 and 155.44 ng/g, while for individual fishes: Anthracene recorded the highest values varied between 17.629 and 155.44 ng/g dry wet. Lower total PAHs value recorded was 197.54 ng/g dry wet. in O. ruber and higher total PAHs value recorded was 381.415 ng/g dry wet. in E. coioides, followed by P. abu which recorded higher total PAHs value of 275.938 ng/g dry wet. Large differences in the values of PAHs recorded during autumn 2015 were achieved which were lower than those recorded during spring. According to the ratios between low and high molecular weight PAHs, there are two sources for PAHs in the investigated fishes, the first was pyrogenic which was appeared in the fishes L. nebulosus and E. orientalis only for 0.355 and 0.274 ng/g respectively during spring 2015 and second anthrapogenic which appeared in all fishes except L. nebulosus and E. orientalis. Therefore during spring season the dominated source was the anthropogenic one. For the results of Autumn season, the ratios indicate predominant the values which were lower than 1 for mostly all studied fishes except that for E. orientalis which was equal to 1.040 indicating that most of the PAHs were from anthropogenic source. Although, concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fishes from national Iraqi waters along North West Arabian Gulf were recorded in most studied fishes, but they markedly higher than that in the background and previously reported studies in the same and nearby areas. From a public health point, petroleum hydrocarbon residue levels, especially the carcinogenic ones, in all fish samples analyzed in this study are considerably lower than the hazardous levels and doesn’t exert any health effect upon human being upon consumption.","PeriodicalId":259361,"journal":{"name":"Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}