Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe最新文献

Diversity of youth policy regimes and early job insecurity – towards an integrated approach 青年政策制度的多样性和早期工作不安全感——走向综合办法

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00014

Ondřej Hora, M. Horáková, Tomáš Sirovátka

引用次数: 1

The Great Recession and the youth labour market in European countries: the demographic versus the labour market effect 大衰退与欧洲国家的青年劳动力市场:人口与劳动力市场效应

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00010

P. Michoń

{"title":"The Great Recession and the youth labour market in European countries: the demographic versus the labour market effect","authors":"P. Michoń","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00010","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this chapter is to provide a simple labour supply explanation for the changes that took place in the youth labour market after the financial crisis. An extensive literature has examined the effects of the education system, of the economic situation and of employment protection legislation on youth labour force participation and its variability across countries and regions. By contrast, only very few studies address demographic changes and their consequences for youth labour markets (Bloom et al., 1987; Bloom and McKenna, 2015; Roth and Moffat, 2014). Until now researchers have not studied the effects of absolute and relative changes in the size of the youth population in the context of the recent economic and financial crisis. Although they have attempted to document the changes in the youth labour market (Bell and Blanchflower, 2011; O’Higgins, 2012), they have not considered the demographic aspects. Indirectly, researchers have assumed that changes in population size occur slowly and gradually. Thus, the assumption is that one needs to account for demographic changes when analysing long-term trends, whereas one may disregard such changes in short-run analyses of the labour market. This contribution argues that neglecting demographic shifts has important consequences, both practically (for policymakers) and methodologically (for cross-country comparative analysis, in particular). The chapter aims to assess the impact of demographic shifts on the position of young people in the labour markets of European countries following the financial crisis (2008–09). The intention is to contribute to a broadening of social and labour market policy questions by providing evidence of the extent to","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127927667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mapping early job insecurity impacts of the crisis in Europe 绘制欧洲危机对早期工作不安全感的影响

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00008

M. Karamessini, M. Symeonaki, Dimitris Parsanoglou, Glykeria Stamatopoulou

{"title":"Mapping early job insecurity impacts of the crisis in Europe","authors":"M. Karamessini, M. Symeonaki, Dimitris Parsanoglou, Glykeria Stamatopoulou","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive cross-country analysis of early job insecurity (EJI) in Europe, comparing its present levels in different European countries with those that existed at the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. Job insecurity at the very beginning of a young person’s professional career has numerous repercussions and a strong impact on the economy and society. It is therefore important to provide methodologies for measuring EJI as a first step towards better understanding the phenomenon and consequently proposing more effective policy responses. When it comes to measuring EJI, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. These differences emanate to a certain extent from diverse definitions of EJI. In Karamessini et al. (2015) and in Dingeldey et al. (2015) an attempt was made to provide a definition of EJI and to connect the phenomenon with school-to-work transitions. Job insecurity relates to the overall concern of employees as to the continued existence of their job in the future. This ‘concern’, however, not only has a quantitative or static dimension pertaining to whether someone is or feels secure about keeping their job; it also includes a qualitative dimension that relates to ‘insecurity about the continued existence of valued characteristics of the job’ (Vander Elst et al., 2014). In fact such anxiety has been identified as one of the most important stressors in working life (De Witte, 1999). There is a discussion in the literature concerning the definition of job insecurity on the basis of its characteristics. Accordingly, job insecurity can be approached as a subjective experience and/or as an objective phenomenon. Subjective perceptions of job insecurity can involve components related to the individual’s assessment of the probability of losing their job in the near future, where the affective component refers to the fear, worry or","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115323844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

(Un)realized agency in a situation of early job insecurity: patterns of young people’s agency regarding employment 在早期工作不安全的情况下实现的代理:年轻人关于就业的代理模式

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00012

P. Boyadjieva, Petya Ilieva-Trichkova

引用次数: 1

Policy adaptation to address early job insecurity in Europe 调整政策以解决欧洲早期就业不安全感问题

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00015

Ondřej Hora, M. Horáková, Tomáš Sirovátka

引用次数: 1

Scars of early job insecurity across Europe: insights from a multi-country employer study 欧洲早期工作不安全感的伤疤:来自多国雇主研究的见解

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00011

Christian Imdorf, Lulu P. Shi, S. Sacchi, Robin Samuel, Christer Hyggen, Rumiana Stoilova, G. Yordanova, P. Boyadjieva, Petya Ilieva-Trichkova, Dimitris Parsanoglou, Aggeliki Yfanti

{"title":"Scars of early job insecurity across Europe: insights from a multi-country employer study","authors":"Christian Imdorf, Lulu P. Shi, S. Sacchi, Robin Samuel, Christer Hyggen, Rumiana Stoilova, G. Yordanova, P. Boyadjieva, Petya Ilieva-Trichkova, Dimitris Parsanoglou, Aggeliki Yfanti","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00011","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the scarring effect of early job insecurity on future employment chances, we carried out a factorial survey experiment with recruiters in relation to real vacancies in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. The chapter contributes to recruitment research in three ways: First, the multi-national design allows comparative analysis across countries, covering the national dimensions of youth unemployment rate, employment protection regulation and type of educational system. Second, the design enables us to differentiate between two forms of early job insecurity - unemployment and work experience in deskilling jobs. We demonstrate that a sole focus on unemployment, as often the case in labour market research, is not sufficient to understand the labour market outcomes caused by different forms of job insecurity. Third, since the sample consists of real recruiters who were hiring for current jobs at the time of the study, we achieved a unique cross-country data set of high external validity. The findings suggest that scarring effects of early job insecurity vary across countries and across occupational fields. While strong employment protection regulation strengthens the scarring associated with work experience in deskilling jobs, unemployment scarring seems stronger where national unemployment is low. Further, the differences in recruiters' evaluation across occupational fields indicate that signalling value of education may vary depending on specific sectors. Our results contribute to debates about active labour market policies as they suggest that measures aiming at quick labour market reintegration without consideration of job quality may not be the most sustainable solution, as work experience in a deskilling job affects recruiters' evaluation negatively.","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Has the European Social Fund been effective in supporting young people? 欧洲社会基金在支持年轻人方面是否有效?

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00017

Margherita Bussi, B. Hvinden, Mi Ah Schoyen

{"title":"Has the European Social Fund been effective in supporting young people?","authors":"Margherita Bussi, B. Hvinden, Mi Ah Schoyen","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00017","url":null,"abstract":"The European Social Fund (ESF) constitutes a somewhat exceptional and paradoxical part of European Union policy. The division of decisionmaking powers or jurisdiction between EU-level bodies and the member states has meant that national governments have been reluctant to let the EU increase its powers in the wide area of employment and social policies (Ashiagbor, 2005). For many observers, the EU’s primary contribution in the realm of social protection and employment has been one of ‘social regulation’ rather than ‘social redistribution’. Briefly, social regulation is public action to promote social goals by influencing the functioning of markets and the behaviour of non-public actors (Majone, 1993). However, under the headings of EU regional (‘cohesion’) policy, there were always elements of social redistribution at the European level (Allen, 2005). Nonetheless, policymakers perceived such redistribution of resources not as a goal in itself but mainly as an instrument for achieving macro-level objectives: economic growth, modernization, restructuring, and enhancing the four EU freedoms (free movement of goods, capital, services and labour). Currently, the ESF contributes to the achievement of ‘a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in the EU’, as defined in the Europe 2020 strategy (Regulation [EU] 1304/2013). Furthermore, the widely spread ‘social investment’ rationale makes economic redistribution through the ESF a means to achieve societal objectives that go beyond ensuring or improving the current well-being of citizens. Still, high unemployment","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implications for policymaking 对政策制定的影响

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00019

B. Hvinden, J. O’Reilly, Tomáš Sirovátka, Mi Ah Schoyen, Christer Hyggen

引用次数: 1

Factors explaining youth unemployment and early job insecurity in Europe 解释欧洲青年失业和早期工作不安全感的因素

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00009

M. Karamessini, M. Symeonaki, Glykeria Stamatopoulou, Dimitris Parsanoglou

{"title":"Factors explaining youth unemployment and early job insecurity in Europe","authors":"M. Karamessini, M. Symeonaki, Glykeria Stamatopoulou, Dimitris Parsanoglou","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Unemployment and difficulties integrating young people into the labour market are widely recognized to represent major challenges for the European Union, which is currently facing multiple tasks in this area. Despite ample consideration and suggested convergence policies between EU member states, youth unemployment and early job insecurity remain extensive in many European countries, irrespective of the impact of the financial crisis on their economies. Much action has been taken to decrease youth unemployment, but evidence shows persistently high levels in many European countries, especially since the outbreak of the crisis (Karamessini et al., 2016b). According to Eurostat,1 youth unemployment rates in the EU-28 exceeded 15 per cent in 21 countries in 2015. In the same year there was extremely wide variation in youth unemployment rates across Europe, ranging from 7.2 per cent in Germany and 8.8 per cent in Iceland to 48.3 per cent in Spain and 49.8 per cent in Greece. The problem is evidently far more acute and persistent in some countries than in others. Spain, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Portugal and Cyprus are the countries most affected by the economic crisis, particularly in terms of youth unemployment. Looking at gender differentiations, women exhibited a distinctly higher unemployment rate up until 2007, but after 2008 − as the crisis substantially affected the ‘male’ occupations − male and female unemployment","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Horizontal and vertical coordination of the European Youth Guarantee 欧洲青年保障的横向和纵向协调

Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe Pub Date : 2019-02-22 DOI: 10.4337/9781788118897.00016

Irene Dingeldey, Lisa Steinberg, Marie‐Luise Assmann

{"title":"Horizontal and vertical coordination of the European Youth Guarantee","authors":"Irene Dingeldey, Lisa Steinberg, Marie‐Luise Assmann","doi":"10.4337/9781788118897.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788118897.00016","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union launched the Youth Guarantee (YG) in 2013 to combat the increase in youth unemployment following the financial and economic crisis. The goal of the YG was to ensure that all young people under the age of 25 would receive a high-quality, concrete offer of employment or training within four months of leaving formal education or becoming unemployed. The measures at national level were to combine various activities: early intervention and activation, supportive measures enabling labour market integration, assessment and continuous improvement of the scheme, and its swift implementation. An additional emphasis was to be placed on building up partnership-based approaches and effective coordination across policy fields such as employment, education, youth and social affairs (Council of the European Union, 2013). To advance these goals, the EU for the first time dedicated a specific budget to youth employment policy, creating the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI), which supplements the financial aid provided under the European Social Fund (ESF). The YEI budget was directed primarily at young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) who were living in regions where youth unemployment rates were higher than 25 per cent in 2012 (European Commission, 2017c). In addition, the incorporation of the YG into the Country Specific Recommendations of the European Semester indicated that the scheme would be monitored more closely compared with the implementation of other EU social policies. Altogether, decision makers combined high expectations with particular support for the YG at EU level. The goals confirm that the YG was rooted in the normative paradigms of an activating labour market policy (Gilbert and Van Voorhis, 2001; OECD, 1989) and a social investment welfare state (Giddens, 1998; Morel","PeriodicalId":259269,"journal":{"name":"Youth Unemployment and Job Insecurity in Europe","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128174769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2