AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Performance and Promotions in an Autocracy: Evidence from Nazi Germany","authors":"Lasse Aaskoven, Jacob Nyrup","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3308807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3308807","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scholars of autocracies increasingly debate whether autocratic regimes promote their subordinates based on achievements, such as economic performance, and further a meritocratic system. This article argues that the extent to which autocratic regimes reward economic performance is not constant over the course of an autocratic regime’s lifespan but varies depending on the strategic goals of the regime and the regime's ability to monitor its subordinates' performance. We collect a new dataset on the careers of the regional leaders of the German Nazi Party, the Gauleiters, from 1936 to 1944, and a wealth of historical data sources from the regime. Using this, we show that better regional economic performance increased the chance of receiving a promotion before the outbreak of World War II but not after.\u0000","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124881459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opting Out: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society","authors":"D. Oderberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3853606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3853606","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a liberal, pluralistic, largely secular society where, in theory, there is fundamental protection for freedom of conscience generally and freedom of religion in particular. There is, however, both in statute and common law, increasing pressure on religious believers and conscientious objectors (outside wartime) to act in ways that violate their sincere, deeply held beliefs. This is particularly so in health care, where conscientious objection is coming under extreme pressure. I argue that freedom of religion and conscience need to be put on a sounder footing both legislatively and by the courts, particularly in health care. I examine a number of important legal cases in the UK and US, where freedom of religion and conscience have come into conflict with government mandates or equality and anti-discrimination law. In these and other cases we find one of two results: either the conscientious objector loses out against competing rights, or the conscientious objector succeeds, but due to what I consider unsound judicial reasoning. In particular, cases involving cooperation in what the objector considers morally impermissible according to their beliefs have been wrongly understood by some American courts. I argue that a reasonable theory of cooperation incorporated into judicial thinking would enable more acceptable results that gave sufficient protection to conscientious objectors without risking a judicial backlash against objectors who wanted to take their freedoms too far. \u0000 \u0000I also venture into broader, more controversial waters concerning what I call freedom of dissociation – the fundamental right to withdraw from associating with people, groups, and activities. It is no more than the converse of freedom of association, which all free societies recognise as a basic right. How far should freedom of dissociation go? What might society be like if freedom of dissociation were given more protection in law than it currently has? It would certainly give freedom of religion and conscience a substantial foundation, but it could also lead to discriminatory behaviour to which many people would object. I explore some of these issues, before going back to the narrower area of freedom of conscience and religion in health care, making some proposals about how the law could strengthen these basic pillars of a liberal, free society.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water as Power: American Experts, Infrastructure Finance and the Spread of Private Property","authors":"E. Sattar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3171104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3171104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the concept of water as a ‘resource’ enables an understanding of the spread of American technocratic expertise as deployed in the Indus basin. This development knowledge at the start of the post-colonial moment replaced the vacating empire of the Raj, with the emergence of Pakistan and India in 1947. The newly-minted World Bank, seeking credibility, became the vehicle for a large-scale, infrastructure-heavy, technocratic vision of water management and the development of dams in Pakistan, financed with international development assistance. Tying new nations to itself during the Cold War was critical to America and its development model focused on strengthening and expanding the reach of agricultural commodity markets in the largest contiguous irrigation network in the world – a system, that with the drawing of the boundary line, had been ripped asunder by the Partition award of a British civil servant. The Partition line that created the new states cut the irrigation canals from the precious source of their river waters. Into this calamity, America stepped in – to teach the new country what it knew from its development of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the marvel of the Imperial Valley of California. This work continues to the present with the Asian Development Bank becoming an additional conduit of international technical expertise and development finance. Using a critical natural resource enables us to understand the nature and pathways of the structural transformation taking place leading to an ever-expanding concept of the market and private property rights toward integration in global markets.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Modified de Zwart's Framework to Differentiate between Unintended and Unanticipated Consequences of Public Policies","authors":"V. K. Singh, P. Kotasthane","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3081562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3081562","url":null,"abstract":"The views of de Zwart (2015) related to the conflation of terms, “unintended consequences” and “unanticipated consequences”, the necessity to maintain their distinction and the need to take into account the “unintended but anticipated” consequences as a separate category are analyzed. The authors, while agreeing with de Zwart, also point out the need to recognize the quantitative aspects of consequences in addition to the qualitative aspects, and propose a modified framework, that can enable policy analysts to distinguish between unintended and unanticipated consequences in qualitative as well as quantitative terms. In view of authors, this modified framework can be a used as tool in policy analysis, particularly in evaluation of existing policies or while analyzing the option of policy continuation or incremental changes in an existing policy.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127962880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medicalisation of Physical Activity Promotion","authors":"E. Michelini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3080456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3080456","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity is currently one of the main concerns of the global health agenda. This article assesses the research question ‘(How) Does the health system medicalise the promotion of PA?’ at both the theoretical and empirical levels. The promotion of PA is first considered theoretically against the healthicisation and medicalisation paradigms. Afterwards, the article empirically analyses the characteristics of PA recommended in 25 health strategies issued by the ministries of health in Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and the USA. The content of these documents medicalises PA, because it: treats the problem of physical inactivity as a disease; redefines the concept of ‘healthy PA’ in medical terms; creates key functions for health professionals in this area. The differences between a description of the promotion of PA as a phenomenon of healthicisation and of medicalisation are critically addressed in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124973255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consuming Antinatalism in Social Media: A Discourse Historical Analytic Approach","authors":"G. Rossolatos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3061876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3061876","url":null,"abstract":"Antinatalism, a relatively recent moral philosophical perspective and ideology that avows ‘it is better not to have ever existed’, has spawned a new social movement with an active presence in social media. This study draws on the discourse historical approach (DHA) to critical discourse analysis for offering a firm understanding as to how the collective identity of the Facebook antinatalist NSM is formed. The findings from the analysis of the situated interaction among the NSM’s members demonstrate that collective identity is far from a knitty-gritty concept, but a dynamic schema that includes a plethora of micro-interactions. Individuals constantly negotiate its meaning in context, as they seek to streamline the antinatalist system of ideas with their lifeworld through a web of interlocking schemata, discursive and rhetorical strategies.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131356504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Scoping Review of the Choice Architecture Movement: Towards Understanding When and Why Nudges Work","authors":"B. Szaszi, Anna Palinkas, B. Pálfi, A. Szollosi, B. Aczel","doi":"10.1002/BDM.2035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/BDM.2035","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we provide a domain-general scoping review of the nudge movement by reviewing 422 choice architecture interventions in 156 empirical studies. We report the distribution of the studies across countries, years, domains, subdomains of applicability, intervention types, and the moderators associated with each intervention category to review the current state of the nudge movement. Furthermore, we highlight certain characteristics of the studies and experimental and reporting practices that can hinder the accumulation of evidence in the field. Specifically, we found that 74% of the studies were mainly motivated to assess the effectiveness of the interventions in one specific setting, while only 24% of the studies focused on the exploration of moderators or underlying processes. We also observed that only 7% of the studies applied power analysis, 2% used guidelines aiming to improve the quality of reporting, no study in our database was preregistered, and the used intervention nomenclatures were non-exhaustive and often have overlapping categories. Building on our current observations and proposed solutions from other fields, we provide directly applicable recommendations for future research to support the evidence accumulation on why and when nudges work. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118318545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation Bias Unchained: Nancy Maclean on James Buchanan, the History of Public Choice Theory, and Libertarianism","authors":"S. Horwitz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3007751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3007751","url":null,"abstract":"A review essay on Nancy MacLean's Democracy in Chains prepared for Cato Journal.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134403802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Political Theory of the Firm","authors":"Luigi Zingales","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2999910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2999910","url":null,"abstract":"Neoclassical theory assumes that firms have no power of fiat any different from ordinary market contracting, thus a fortiori no power to influence the rules of the game. In the real world, firms have such power. I argue that the more firms have market power, the more they have both the ability and the need to gain political power. Thus, market concentration can easily lead to a “Medici vicious circle,” where money is used to get political power and political power is used to make money.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"12 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124640296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fairer Sex? Women Leaders and the Strategic Response to the Social Environment","authors":"Lata Gangadharan, Tarun Jain, Pushkar Maitra, Joseph Vecci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2736033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2736033","url":null,"abstract":"Do women as leaders behave differently from men? Using field experiments conducted in rural India, we show that women leaders are more deceptive compared to men. This is especially true in villages that have experienced a female village head as a result of an affirmative action policy designed to encourage greater representation of women in leadership positions. We find that the higher incidence of deception can be explained by female leaders correctly anticipating that men will cooperate with them at lower rates, as well as social norms where the social costs of deceptive behavior are comparatively lower for women leaders. Our findings suggest significant challenges to the effectiveness of women as leaders.","PeriodicalId":258423,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Theorizing Politics & Power (Political) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128962353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}