The International journal of social psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Beliefs about causes, symptoms, and stigma associated with severe mental illness among 'highly acculturated' Chinese-American patients.","authors":"Susan Y Lin","doi":"10.1177/0020764012454384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012454384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Literature about experiences of mental illness among ethnic minority has tended to focus on first-generation migrants. This study fills that gap by exploring experiences among highly acculturated Chinese-American patients with mental illness.</p><p><strong>Material s: </strong>Twenty-nine participants completed semi-structured interviews based on Kleinman's explanatory model, which were audio-taped, transcribed and coded for qualitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Beliefs about the causes of mental illness included biological factors, head trauma and personal losses. Issues relating to stigma and shame were also discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Highly acculturated ethnic minority patients may ascribe to a biomedical model at the same time as ascribing to culture-specific beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"745-51"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012454384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30828445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally sensitive mental health care: a study of contemporary psychiatric treatment for ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel.","authors":"Tali Stolovy,&nbsp;Yvan Moses Levy,&nbsp;Adiel Doron,&nbsp;Yuval Melamed","doi":"10.1177/0020764012461206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012461206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The literature describes psychiatric treatment of ultra-orthodox Jews as complex and challenging, in light of this community's unique characteristics and the ideological gap between ultra-orthodox patients and secular professionals. Recent data indicate that patient-centred culturally sensitive care contributes to the treatment outcomes among cultural minorities.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the effect of the level of a physician's religiosity and cultural sensitivity, as perceived by ultra-orthodox Jewish psychiatric patients, as well as the treatment venue (i.e. the distance of the treatment facility from the patients' community) on treatment outcomes (working alliance, medical adherence and the patients' social adaptation).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included 38 ultra-orthodox Jewish men and women receiving psychiatric treatment at the Lev Hasharon Mental Health Centre. The participants completed questionnaires about the physician's religiousness and cultural sensitivity, working alliance, medical adherence and social adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Working alliance was positively related to the treatment location, meaning that patients were more committed and involved in the treatment when it took place in a facility distanced from their community. Working alliance was also correlated with medical adherence. Regression analysis revealed that the doctor's acquaintance with religion and cultural sensitivity predicted patients' reported social adaptation level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In contrary to common perceptions, ultra-orthodox patients are not necessarily reluctant to be treated by secular physicians. These patients prefer a discreet treatment far from their community's public eye. Their perception of a doctor who acknowledges and respects their religiosity positively affects the way that they perceive their social functioning. Culturally sensitive treatment enables patients to feel respected and acknowledged through their sociocultural affiliation, and not only through their disorder. It seems essential to train physicians about the importance of culturally sensitive treatment with this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"819-23"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012461206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31029952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of need of patients with schizophrenia: a study in Vellore, India.","authors":"Sharmila Ernest,&nbsp;Guru Nagarajan,&nbsp;K S Jacob","doi":"10.1177/0020764012456801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012456801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>and aims: There is a dearth of studies investigating the prevalence and factors associated with unmet needs in people with schizophrenia from low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to study prevalence and risk factors for unmet need.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A case-control study design was employed. One hundred and one (101) consecutive patients attending a psychiatric hospital were assessed using Camberwell Assessment of Need Short version (CANSAS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Multivariate analysis was employed to adjust for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of patients had many unmet needs. These unmet needs were significantly associated with lower education, poverty and persistent psychopathology on multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unmet needs are associated with poverty, lower education and persistent psychopathology. There is a need to manage unmet needs, in addition to addressing psychopathology and poverty.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"752-6"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012456801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30894600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Having been bullied in childhood: relationship to aggressive behaviour in adulthood.","authors":"Randy A Sansone,&nbsp;Justin S Leung,&nbsp;Michael W Wiederman","doi":"10.1177/0020764012456814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012456814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Victimization through being bullied in childhood is traditionally associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms, but some literature suggests otherwise. In this study, we examined a history of being bullied in relationship to 21 externalized aggressive behaviours in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a cross-sectional approach and a self-report survey methodology, we examined a history of being bullied in childhood in relation to 21 aggression variables in a consecutive sample of 342 internal medicine outpatients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison with the not bullied, participants who reported having been bullied in childhood had a statistically significantly greater overall number of self-reported aggressive behaviours. Longer duration of being bullied was statistically significantly correlated with a greater number of reported aggressive behaviours. With regard to individual behaviours, four were statistically significantly associated with being bullied: hitting walls; intentionally breaking things; getting into fist fights; and pushing/shoving a partner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While relationships between bullying in childhood and subsequent internalizing symptoms have been well established, the present study indicates that bullying in childhood is also associated with externalizing/aggressive behaviours in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"824-6"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012456814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30904325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical illness in psychiatric inpatients: comparison of patients with and without substance use disorders.","authors":"Karel Frasch,&nbsp;Jens Ivar Larsen,&nbsp;Joachim Cordes,&nbsp;Bent Jacobsen,&nbsp;Signe Olrik Wallenstein Jensen,&nbsp;Christoph Lauber,&nbsp;Jørgen Achton Nielsen,&nbsp;Kenji J Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Richard Uwakwe,&nbsp;Povl Munk-Jørgensen,&nbsp;Reinhold Kilian,&nbsp;Thomas Becker","doi":"10.1177/0020764012456803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012456803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical comorbidities and substance use are commonly reported in patients with mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine somatic comorbidity in patients with substance use disorders (SUD) compared to patients with mental disorders but no SUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lifetime prevalence data on mental and physical health status were collected from inpatients in 12 mental health care facilities in five different countries. Differences in somatic comorbidity were examined by means of logistic regression analysis controlling for age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,338 patients, 447 (19%) had a primary or secondary SUD diagnosis. In comparison to patients with other mental disorders, patients with SUD had a higher prevalence of infectious and digestive diseases but a lower prevalence of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders. Patterns of physical comorbidities differed according to type of substance used (alcohol use - cardiovascular; tobacco use - respiratory, neoplasms; cannabinoid use - injuries; opioid use - infectious, digestive; benzodiazepine use - endocrine, nutritional, metabolic; stimulants - urogenital).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SUD are related to specific somatic health risks while some of our findings point to potentially protective effects. The widespread prescription of benzodiazepines requires research on physical health effects. Early detection of SUD and their integration into programmes targeting physical comorbidity should be a priority in organizing mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"757-64"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012456803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30952908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental illness recognition and beliefs about adequate treatment of a patient with schizophrenia: association with gender and perception of aggressiveness-dangerousness in a community sample of Mexico City.","authors":"Rebeca Robles-García,&nbsp;Ana Fresán,&nbsp;Carlos Berlanga,&nbsp;Nicolás Martínez","doi":"10.1177/0020764012461202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012461202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In developing countries, little is known about public recognition and beliefs about treatment of severe mental disorders, both emergent key elements in reducing stigma and the gap of treatment of such patients. It has been proposed that they may be related to gender and perception of patient's aggressiveness and/or dangerousness.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess mental illness recognition and beliefs about treatment of schizophrenia, and to determine their relationship with perception of patient's aggressiveness/dangerousness and gender of the perceiver in a community sample of Mexico City.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 1038 subjects responded to a questionnaire that assesses all variables after reading a vignette of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women were 1.88 times more likely to recognize the presence of mental illness and considered psychiatric interventions as the most adequate treatment of symptoms. In contrast, non-psychiatric interventions were more often considered by men (64.7%). Responders who recognize mental illness were more likely to perceive the patient as dangerous, which was related to the suggestion of more restrictive interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is necessary to direct special efforts to increase mental health literacy among men. The general public needs objective information about aggression and dangerousness in anti-stigma campaigns among developing countries similar to Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"811-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012461202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30981062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute psychiatric inpatient care: a cross-cultural comparison between two hospitals in Germany and Japan.","authors":"Kumi Moriwaki,&nbsp;Tanja Neuner,&nbsp;Bettina Hübner-Liebermann,&nbsp;Helmut Hausner,&nbsp;Markus Wittmann,&nbsp;Toshihiro Horiuchi,&nbsp;Hiromi Watanabe,&nbsp;Hideyuki Kato,&nbsp;Junich Hirakawa,&nbsp;Kazumasa Iwai","doi":"10.1177/0020764012456808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012456808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intercultural differences influence acute inpatient psychiatric care systems.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate characteristics of acute inpatient care in a German and a Japanese hospital.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Based on a sample of 465 admissions to the Psychiatric State Hospital Regensburg (BKR) and 91 admissions to the Hirakawa Hospital (HH) over a six-month period in 2008, data from the psychiatric basic documentation system (BADO) were analysed with regard to socio-demographic characteristics, treatment processes and outcome indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Schizophrenia and related psychosis was the most common diagnosis in both hospitals. Cases at the BKR were admitted more quickly after onset of the present episode. Global Assessment of Psychosocial Functioning (GAF) ratings at admission were lower at the HH. Most admissions to both hospitals received psychopharmacological treatment, but more at the HH received psychotherapy. Length of stay was significantly longer at the HH (75 days) than at the BKR (28 days). Admissions to the HH were more improved with regard to GAF and clinical global impression (CGI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute admissions in Germany provide intensive care with short hospitalization as crisis intervention. For acute admissions in Japan, comprehensive care for severe mental illness precedes emergency admissions and achieves greater improvement with longer hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"771-81"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012456808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30952906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of new psychiatric episodes in the year following divorce in midlife: cause or selection? A nationwide register-based study of 703,960 individuals.","authors":"Emma Björkenstam,&nbsp;Johan Hallqvist,&nbsp;Christina Dalman,&nbsp;Rickard Ljung","doi":"10.1177/0020764012461213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012461213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine if divorce is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A register-based cohort study of all married or divorced individuals aged 45-54 in Sweden in 2006. After exclusion of 129,669 individuals with a history of psychiatric care in 1987-2005, we followed 703,960 persons for psychiatric disorder during 2007, measured as psychiatric inpatient care, outpatient care and use of psychotropic medication. Marital trajectories were taken into consideration. Data were analysed using Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Divorced women and men had a higher risk for psychiatric inpatient care compared to married (ORwomen = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.6-6.3, ORmen = 3.3, 95%CI = 2.0-5.4). The longer the marriage, the lower the risk for psychiatric disorders. Lower educational level increased the risk for psychiatric inpatient care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our study supports both the selection hypothesis, linking healthy individuals to long and stable marriages, and the social causation hypothesis, linking the stress of recent divorce to increased psychiatric disorder for both women and men.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"801-4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012461213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30981060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullying in childhood and religious/spiritual status in adulthood among internal medicine outpatients.","authors":"Randy A Sansone,&nbsp;Amy R Kelley,&nbsp;Jeremy S Forbis","doi":"10.1177/0020764012454383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012454383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bullying in childhood is ubiquitous and associated with a number of identified negative outcomes in both childhood and adulthood. However, the relationship between being bullied in childhood and religious/spiritual status in adulthood has never been explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a cross-sectional sample of 324 consecutive internal medicine outpatients and a survey methodology, we examined relationships between 'When you were growing up, were you ever a victim of bullying?' and (1) self-perceived extent of religiosity/spirituality and (2) religiosity/spirituality as assessed by scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While bullying status in childhood was not related to either the self-perceived extent of religiosity or spirituality, it did evidence negative statistically significant relationships with seven of 12 FACIT-Sp-12 scales, as well as the overall composite score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to these data, bullying in childhood is associated with lower religious/spiritual well-being in adulthood; however, this study was not designed to examine a causal relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"739-44"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012454383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30820265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bad, burdened or ill? Characterizing the spouses of women with schizophrenia.","authors":"Mary V Seeman","doi":"10.1177/0020764012456818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764012456818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The husbands of women with schizophrenia have been variously characterized in the psychiatric literature as abusive, burdened and ill. The aim of this paper is to summarize what has been written about these three perspectives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The search terms 'schizophrenia', 'mental illness', 'marriage', 'spouse', 'partner', 'caregiver', 'caregiving', 'burden', 'assortative mating' and 'domestic abuse' were entered into PubMed and Google Scholar. Criteria for inclusion of articles were relevance to the three identified themes of abuse, burden and mental illness in husbands of women with schizophrenia. The results show considerable variation, some of it cultural, with partial evidence for all three characterizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need for support and psychoeducation programmes that are specifically designated for spouses and that address their special concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"805-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764012456818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30904326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}