Journal of African Studies and Development最新文献

{"title":"Health impacts of small-scale gold mining in Kenyasi, Ghana","authors":"Appiah-Opoku Seth, McWhorter William, Weber Joe","doi":"10.5897/jasd2022.0662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2022.0662","url":null,"abstract":"Small-Scale Gold Mining (SSGM) is a way of life for many individuals living in mineral-rich but poverty-stricken areas of Africa. The sector provides many households with much needed income for their livelihood sustenance. Although the literature on SSGM have brought some consensus on environmental issues surrounding the sector, limited attention has been directed at health and safety issues associated with the small-scale gold mining processes. This paper contributes to fulfilling this gap. Based on a case study, the paper discusses the health and safety issues associated with each stage of the small-scale gold mining process. Mixed methods approach was used to gather relevant data and information through field observations, focus group discussions with miners, interviews with key informants, and content analysis of secondary data. The miners seem unaware of safe operating procedures and the health implications of the mining processes. Although formal regulations exist, there is lack of official oversight and monitoring of SSGM activities. Policy implications from the study are discussed. They include educating small-scale gold miners to raise health and safety awareness, and decentralizing permitting, monitoring and oversight responsibilities to local governments and institutions.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic distance and cross-country spillovers among African economies: Implication for growth and Development","authors":"Ajana Uzodigwe Anthony, Onyebuchi Obi Kenneth, Chukwukelu Egwuatu Romeo, Ikechukwu Unegbu Paul","doi":"10.5897/jasd2022.0660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2022.0660","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the level of linkage between Nigeria and some selected African countries on one hand and the linkages between economic growth, inflation, and unemployment on the other hand, in these economies. The study covers the period between 2000 and 2019. The study aims to first measure the economic distance between Nigeria and these countries using the approach proposed by Mazurek. Second, the degree of spillovers was characterized between Nigeria and these countries, using a VAR-based spillover index method proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz. The main finding of the study is that the selected African economies are quite economically dispersed, and the level of cross-border spillover is negligible. This would suggest that growth in one economy has not been influenced by the growth in the other economies in the region. Given this, the study recommends that policies that will improve intra-African trade should be formulated. Such policies should incorporate a trade-by-barter-like framework, where Africa can demand what it produces and produce what it demands. Essentially, much more attention should be paid to the supply side of the market than the demand side following the Says law that increasing production will naturally result in proportionate increase in demand. To achieve this, enabling environment should be created to engender technological innovations while improving human and capital infrastructures. summary statistics of variables of interest. After testing for stationarity using ADF test statistics, he employed the Pearson Correlation to test for the degree of association between the indicators. He also tested for group cointegration using the Pedroni Panel Cointegration approach. Further, the results of the unconditional correlation are then used to evaluate both the relative and group economic distance. And finally, the level of connectedness was examined among countries of interest using Diebold and Yilmaz's (2009, 2012, 2014) spillover indices.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114476692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial literacy and financial behaviour of micro and small enterprises in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana","authors":"Ameyaw Mabel","doi":"10.5897/jasd2022.0661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2022.0661","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to examine the relationship between financial literacy and financial behavior among owners/managers of MSEs in the Sunyani Municipality. Primarily, the research examined the financial literacy level as well as the extent to which financial knowledge informs financial behaviour and financial attitude which will aid in making a rational decision for their business. In accordance with the study’s objective, the study employed primary data and used a quantitative approach as well as a descriptive survey design to randomly sample 230 owners/managers from five categories of MSEs in the Sunyani Municipality. From the findings, it was revealed that owners/managers of MSEs who had high levels of financial knowledge exhibited good financial behaviour and demonstrated a good financial attitude as compared to those with lower levels of financial knowledge. The positive outcomes of being financially literate were driven by behaviour such as planning expenditure and building up a financial safety net. Since financial literacy is necessary for the demonstration of good financial behaviour and attitude, it was recommended to MSEs strive for financial knowledge to enable them make good financial decisions. Again, any policy that aims at the growth and development of MSEs must include financial education since it is the key to good financial behaviour and attitudes that aids owners/managers to make good decisions.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130207771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance principles for local level groundwater management in Njombe District, Tanzania","authors":"J. L. Gudaga, S. Kabote, E. Malisa","doi":"10.5897/jasd2021.0629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2021.0629","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater governance is a necessary condition for groundwater management that in turn improves access to clean and safe drinking water. However, it is one of the developmental issues, which has not been addressed squarely in Tanzania. Using governance principles, we explored groundwater governance in Njombe district where water for domestic use depends on groundwater source. The study used cross-sectional research design by adopting a mixed method approach with a random sample of 250 respondents. It also involved 32 Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) participants and 9 governance actors at a district and community levels. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize descriptive statistics while qualitative data were subjected to the content analysis. The results show that five out of eight governance principles namely: accountability, transparency, collaboration, rule of law and responsiveness were not practised effectively because of poor knowledge among the governance actors. To that effect, the practice of governance principles was poor translating into poor groundwater management. Therefore, district authorities should build capacity on good governance to all groundwater governance actors recognized by the law. This helps practise governance principles effectively for groundwater management.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"399 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116525134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time spent by women and men in households on economic and care activities during productive hours in Morogoro District, Tanzania","authors":"Edith T. Kwigizile, M. Mahande, J. Msuya","doi":"10.5897/jasd2022.0655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2022.0655","url":null,"abstract":"Using a cross sectional survey, this study investigated variations in time spent between men and women in economic productive and non-economic reproductive activities in a rural environment in Morogoro District in Tanzania. The study investigated 323 married or cohabiting women between the ages of 15 and 49 who lived in six villages across three wards. To determine the time expenditure disparity between men and women, females and their male counterparts were interviewed. A standardized questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to obtain quantitative and supplementary qualitative data, respectively. IBM SPSS V22 was used for data analysis. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Women and men spent considerably different amounts of time engaged in productive and reproductive activities. Women spend 2.23 h less daily in economic production than males. Women spend 1.20 and 2.12 more hours daily on family care and child nursing, respectively. Aside from non-productive time, 64.8% of women devote 3 more hours to access maternal and child health services. Women spend more time in non-productive activities due to constrained access to social services and delivery at MCH clinics.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African diaspora experience of transnationalism, social networks and identity: The case of Zimbabwean social workers in the United Kingdom","authors":"Chogugudza (Ph.D.) Crisford","doi":"10.5897/jasd2021.0618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2021.0618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines transnationalism, social networks and identity as part of the experiences of the African Diaspora, in particular, Zimbabwean social workers in the UK. The above terms are closely associated with increasing international skilled migration from Africa in the global south, to the global North where there are better employment opportunities. This paper defines transnationalism, social networks, identity, the notion of ‘home and belonging’ and the creation of the Zimbabwean community in the UK. The above concepts are gaining increased currency and importance in contemporary migration studies. The paper also looks at the link between globalisation and transnational activities by Zimbabwean social workers, as part of the African diaspora community in the UK.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128399623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions that work: Reconnecting fiscal decentralization to responsiveness in Uganda and Thai Municipal Governments","authors":"M. Kiwanuka, R. Pratt, Peersit Kamnuanslipa","doi":"10.5897/jasd2020.0608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2020.0608","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization puts extra pressure on local governments to be more responsive and accountable. The belief from theory is that with high levels of fiscal autonomy, the elected public officials would be more responsive to allocate resources to the local priority areas determined by citizen interests and preferences. On the face of it, responsiveness reads like the normative outcome of fiscal autonomy in the developing and emerging economies. However, an empirical comparative analysis of responsiveness for Uganda and Thai municipal governments provides reasons for both optimism and pessimism. The findings challenge the traditional theory for responsiveness being an outcome of a coherent fiscal decentralization system that follows specific and predetermined rational logic of consequentiality. The paper concluded that responsiveness facilitated fiscal autonomy not the other way round in municipal governments. The paper therefore recommended country and circumstance specific conditions under which responsiveness would more likely happen in municipal settings. The perceived conditions for responsiveness to happen is included but not limited to spending according to the source; more involving system of selecting representatives to assemblies; renewed national government commitment to empower municipal institutions and the citizens; and more incorporation of civil society to play a more participative role in municipal governance.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133880174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the quality of Ugandas decentralization: The unfinished business","authors":"M. Kiwanuka, G. Karyeija, R. Namara, S. Kyohairwe, Michael Galukande Kiganda, F. Alinda","doi":"10.5897/jasd2020.0607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2020.0607","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Political and Administrative Sciences, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda. 2 School of management Sciences, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda. 3 Institute Research and Innovation Center, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda. 4 Department of Political and Science, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda. 5 Department of Public Policy and Governance Studies, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda. 6 Research and Innovation Center, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125847206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer-pastoralist conflicts management approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights into their strengths and pitfalls","authors":"Erasmus Ntumva Mabebe","doi":"10.5897/jasd2021.0650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2021.0650","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a critical review of the different theoretical perspectives on the existing conflict management mechanisms. Focus has been paid on the dynamics surrounding these mechanisms in relation to the changing contexts and times. The primary aim is: First, to identify what is already known about the available conflict-management mechanisms for handling farmer-pastoralist conflicts including the current direction of the research; second, to develop a relevant synthesis framework that can: (a) reflect the strengths and pitfalls of the available conflict management mechanisms in relation to the changing nature of the conflicts, (b) inform the development and analysis of case study research on the relevance of the existing mechanisms for conflict management in relation to the nature of the conflicts; third, to clarify key areas of discussion and further inquiry on conflict management mechanisms to which this review might usefully contribute. The article draws from critical literature, theoretical and case study analysis to gain an insight into dynamics surrounding farmer-pastoral conflicts management approaches. The central question guiding this discussion is ‘what dynamics surround farmer-pastoral conflict management mechanisms across varying contexts and times in sub-Saharan Africa? The article concludes that there is hardly any single mechanism capable of addressing the different causes of the farmer–pastoralist conflicts and more so in varying contexts and times. This situation suggests complementarity as perhaps a relevant approach for meaningful farmer-pastoralist conflicts management. also adapt the analysis and discussion into context and defined framework. With the framework of these theoretical explanations, more debates and perspectives about farmer-pastoralist conflicts and management mechanisms were critically reviewed to allow some research gaps to surface and then analysed qualitatively to deduce implications to fill the realized gaps. Specifically, the study used thematic analysis to deduce volumes of literature into themes and then critically analysed within the help of interpretivist philosophy. This allowed deductive reasoning, hence arriving into insightful implications regarding dynamics surrounding farmer-pastoralist conflicts management mechanisms. Checks and balances and ultimately credibility were enhanced through the use of multiple resources including articles, books, statutory documents and varying theoretical narratives.","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114191394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted refugees: Understanding the challenges of refugees in protracted refugee situations in Uganda","authors":"Ogwang Tulibaleka Paul, Tumwesigye Keneth, Nakalema Kuluthum","doi":"10.5897/jasd2021.0647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2021.0647","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to delve into the challenges that refugees in protracted refugee situations in Uganda face under the current refugee progressive policies that guarantee refugees the right to work, the freedom of movement, the freedom to establish businesses, and access to land. We used Focus Group Discussions to collect data from refugees in Arua city/District. The findings showed that despite refugee-friendly policies enacted and implemented by the Ugandan government; protracted refugees are confronted with challenges such as access to post-secondary school education, labor market integration, youth unemployment, high youth crime rate within the settlement areas and outside, the lack of elderly support, congestion in the settlement areas, urban integration challenges, overstraining of the environment and unpredictable relationship with the host communities. These challenges stand as a bottleneck to the promotion of the “Self-Reliance Strategy” and the integration of refugees in Uganda","PeriodicalId":255248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Studies and Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125936971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}