{"title":"Urban Agenda of the European Union. In search of a place for municipal authorities in European policy-making","authors":"Dariusz Mącarz","doi":"10.18276/ap.2019.47-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.47-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132607313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of the presidents of big cities in the perspective of nationwide Policy","authors":"Andrzej L. Ranke","doi":"10.18276/ap.2019.47-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.47-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122223046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development, what does it really mean?","authors":"W. Semasinghe","doi":"10.18276/ap.2020.49-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2020.49-05","url":null,"abstract":"“Development” is the most commonly used single word by economists, policymakers, international financial institutions and politicians. Although, as a polysemic word, “development” has different meanings - it is used largely to describe an improvement in the quality of life of people. Initially, development was perceived as the growth of domestic, national or individ ual income. Over time, the perception of development was broadened, and now it encompasses various dimensions in defining development. In addition to the traditional economic elements, it includes many socioeconomic and political dimensions such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, freedom, democracy, dignity, self-respect and self-esteem. UNDP defines development as a process of enlarging people’s choices, while Sen defines it as a process of expansion of freedoms. These choices or freedoms lead to an improvement in the quality of life of people and there is no argument about that. However, as I perceive it, development is not a process as considered in terms of traditional and modern development ideologies, but a superior status that human beings strive to capture or reach. Expansion of choices or freedoms and the elimi-nation of poverty, inequality, etc. are the processes that convey people to the development. The policies and programs drawn up to achieve the improvement of so-called choices or freedoms are the instruments that expand the processes. These processes will end when the entire human society reaches the so-called pinnacle of development.","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125808173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges of public diplomacy in the post-modern era. Selected problems","authors":"Dorota Fater","doi":"10.18276/ap.2019.47-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.47-04","url":null,"abstract":"Rozwoj internetu jako uniwersalnego medium o zasiegu globalnym, a zwlaszcza wielka popularnośc \u0000mediow spolecznościowych sprawily, ze dyplomacja rozumiana jako dialog na linii: \u0000rząd kraju A – rząd kraju B stala sie wysoce niewystarczającym narzedziem komunikacji \u0000miedzykulturowej. W postmodernistycznym, wielowektorowym świecie pojawila sie koniecznośc \u0000wzbogacenia tradycyjnej dyplomacji o dwa dodatkowe kanaly rozprzestrzeniania \u0000informacji: „rząd kraju A – spoleczenstwo kraju B” oraz „kanal bezpośredniej komunikacji \u0000pomiedzy czlonkami obu spoleczenstw”. Te dwie formy komunikowania konstytuują sie \u0000w tak zwaną dyplomacje publiczną. Niniejszy artykul jest probą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie \u0000wyzwania stoją przed tymi, ktorzy dyplomacji publicznej wyznaczają kierunek i jakich środkow \u0000uzywają, aby osiągnąc zalozone cele.","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116988178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The genesis of the dispute between PiS and PO about the build of a shipping channel through the Vistula Spit (2005–2007)","authors":"Marcin Sajniak","doi":"10.18276/ap.2021.51-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2021.51-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116961868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary cyber threats on the example of the phenomenon of cyberwarfare. A theoretical analysis","authors":"Marek Górka","doi":"10.18276/ap.2021.51-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2021.51-01","url":null,"abstract":"Po raz pierwszy w historii postęp w obszarze technologii cyfrowych stał się na tyle maso-wym zjawiskiem, że jest potencjalnie dostępny dla znacznej części populacji na świecie. Pozwala to niemal każdej osobie na rozpowszechnianie przekazów, co oznacza, że wielu ludzi ma możliwości omijania oficjalnych kanałów komunikacji, dyskredytowania i kry-tykowania sposobu sprawowania władzy w państwie. Kluczowym problemem jest to, że technologia cyfrowa zdominowała funkcjonowanie gospodarki, a także społeczeństwa, a jej powszechne zastosowanie jest również jednym z podstawowych fundamentów współczesnych działań militarnych. Zagrożenia w obszarze cyberprzestrzeni państwa, stają się coraz bardziej złożone, co wynika z tego, że przeciwnikiem Abstract For the first time in history, advances in digital technology have become so massive that they are potentially accessible to a significant portion of the world’s population. It allows al most any person to disseminate messages, which means that many people have the potential to bypass official channels of communication, to discredit and criticize the way government is run. A key problem is that digital technology dominates the functioning of the economy as well as society, and its widespread use is also one of the basic foundations of modern military operations. Threats in the area of the state’s cyberspace are becoming more and more complex, because the adversary that can cause a lot of damage can be a foreign and hostile state as well as organizations or individuals who are professional and determined in their actions.","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"683 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132868226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"„Little green men” in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation in the second decade of the 21st century","authors":"Marlena Pokrzywińska","doi":"10.18276/ap.2019.48-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.48-04","url":null,"abstract":"Celem niniejszego artykulu jest analiza roli „zielonych ludzikow” w polityce zagranicznej \u0000Rosji w świetle obowiązujących norm prawnych regulujących kwestie najemnictwa oraz para- militarnych ugrupowan. Motywy, jakimi kierowal sie Kreml przy wykorzystaniu nielegalnych sil do osiągniecia celow politycznych, zostaly rozpatrzone przez pryzmat procesu decyzyjne- go w ramach metody decyzyjnej. Dodatkowo, dla zrozumienia kontekstu prawnego zaangazowania nieoficjalnych sil w polityce zagranicznej, pomocna byla metoda instytucjonalno- \u0000-prawna. W niniejszym artykule podjeto probe odpowiedzi na nastepujące pytania badawcze: Jaka jest rola „zielonych ludzikow” w polityce zagranicznej Rosji? Jakie jest oficjalne stano- wisko Kremla w związku z wykorzystaniem najemnikow, kontraktorow? Jakie są przyczyny angazowania przez Rosje nieoficjalnych sil poza granicami panstwa? Warto zaznaczyc, ze trend w komercjalizacji bezpieczenstwa oraz w prowadzeniu konfliktow przez pośrednikow stal sie widoczny na początku XXI wieku na świecie. Nie tylko Rosja zdecydowala sie na tego typu uslugi, albowiem USA, Wielka Brytania czy Francja delegują cześc zadan pierwotnie przypisanych silom zbrojnym na prywatne podmioty. Przejawy dzialalności najemnikow na rzecz Federacji Rosyjskiej zostaly rozpatrzone na przykladach Ukrainy, Wenezueli, Republi-ki Środkowoafrykanskiej oraz Syrii.","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128246180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The history of a Hungarian-German community in the 20th century","authors":"Dorottya Erb","doi":"10.18276/ap.2021.51-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2021.51-02","url":null,"abstract":"Vorliegende Studie beschreibt das Leben einer ungarndeutschen Gemeinde im Suden von Ungarn. Die Deutschen sind im 18. Jahrhundert aus der Gegend von Fulda in das Dorf Grosnaarad gekommen, denn wahrend der Turkenherrschaft verlor das Dorf seine Bevolkerung, die deutschen Kolonisten mussten dort das Leben neu aufbauen. Die Einwohner haben sich uber mehrere Jahrhunderte mit Landwirtschaft und Handwerk beschaftigt. Heutzutage kampft das Dorf mit der Abwanderung der Jugendlichen in die Stadte, mochte aber seine wertvollen Traditionen und seine ungarndeutsche Identitat weiterhin bewahren.","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115996601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Criteria of public discourse in the perspective of correlation between radicalism and political correctness","authors":"Marek Górka","doi":"10.18276/ap.2019.47-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18276/ap.2019.47-07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254064,"journal":{"name":"Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132039390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}