The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation最新文献

The Nature and the Conditions of Human Autonomy and Flourishing 人类自治与繁荣的本质与条件

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.6

R. Ryan, William S. Ryan, S. I. Domenico, E. Deci

{"title":"The Nature and the Conditions of Human Autonomy and Flourishing","authors":"R. Ryan, William S. Ryan, S. I. Domenico, E. Deci","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings have fundamental psychological propensities toward growth, integrity, and wellness. Yet, historically, many approaches to motivation have ignored these inner propensities, focusing instead on how external contingencies shape expectancies and behaviors. This chapter reviews recent work in self-determination theory, an organismic approach in which people’s intrinsic, growth-oriented propensities are a central focus. Self-determination theory argues that people have basic psychological needs to experience competence, autonomy, and relatedness to others. Satisfaction of these basic needs facilitates autonomous motivation and wellness, whereas the frustration of these needs contributes to ill-being and is associated with lower quality, and often highly controlled, forms of motivation. Autonomous and controlled forms of motivation differ in their antecedents, neurological underpinnings, and outcomes. Although most of the experimentation and evidence base of self-determination theory has focused on proximal relationships (e.g., families, dyads, classrooms, teams, or workgroups), recent research is extending self-determination theory to address pervasive contexts (e.g., cultural or economic systems) and how they both directly and indirectly affect need satisfaction and motivation, thereby impacting people’s development and wellness. Pervasive contexts also influence people’s aspirational horizons and the life goals they pursue, further influencing both individual and community wellness. More need-supportive contexts conduce to more authentic living and intrinsic aspirations, which in turn promote more prosocial attitudes and actions and greater personal and societal wellness.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115543295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

The Gendered Body Project 性别化身体计划

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.18

Tom Roberts, Patricia L. Waters

引用次数: 0

On Gains and Losses, Means and Ends 论得失，手段与目的

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.16

A. Freund, M. Hennecke, Maida Mustafic

{"title":"On Gains and Losses, Means and Ends","authors":"A. Freund, M. Hennecke, Maida Mustafic","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"Personal goals guide behavior toward a desired outcome, motivate behavior over time and across situations, provide direction and meaning, and contribute to the acquisition of skills and subjective well-being. The adaptiveness of goals, however, might vary with dimensions such as their orientation toward the achievement of gains, maintenance of functioning, or the avoidance of losses. We argue that goal orientation is most adaptive when it corresponds to the availability of resources and the ubiquity of losses. In line with this argument, younger adults show a predominant orientation toward gains, whereas goal orientation shifts toward maintenance and avoidance of loss across adulthood. This shift in goal orientation seems adaptive both regarding subjective well-being and engagement in goal pursuit. A second goal dimension that has been largely overlooked in the literature is the cognitive representation of goal pursuit primarily in terms of its means (i.e., process focus) or its ends (i.e., outcome focus). This chapter also investigates the antecedents and consequences of goal focus. In particular, it highlights the importance of factors related to chronological age (i.e., the availability of resources, future time perspective, goal orientation, motivational phase) for the preference for and adaptiveness of adopting an outcome or process focus.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115714118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Self-Regulatory Viewpoint on Human Behavior 人类行为的自我调节观

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.3

C. Carver, M. Scheier

{"title":"A Self-Regulatory Viewpoint on Human Behavior","authors":"C. Carver, M. Scheier","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes a set of ideas bearing on the structure of action and emotion and how they are regulated. Some of the ideas are associated with the terms feedback control and cybernetics. Those ideas have roots in many sources, including the concept of homeostasis and the creation of mechanical devices to serve as governors for engines. With respect to motivation, the ideas yield a viewpoint in which action is goal directed and reflects a hierarchy of control processes. The creation and reduction of affect are seen as reflecting another set of feedback processes. The portion of the model devoted to affect is of particular interest because it generates two predictions that differ substantially from those deriving from other theories. The first prediction is that both approach and avoidance can give rise to both positive and negative feelings; the second is that positive affect leads to coasting, a reduction in effort regarding the pursued goal. The latter suggests a way in which positive affect is involved in priority management when many goals are in play concurrently. Recent interest in dual process models, which distinguish between top-down guidance of goal pursuit and reflexive responses to cues of the moment, has caused a reexamination of some previous assumptions and consideration of the possibility that behavior emerges in two distinct ways. This line of thought has also recently been applied to conceptualizing diverse types of psychopathology. The chapter closes with brief consideration of how the ideas considered here might be compatible with other viewpoints on motivation.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131551655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Implicit–Explicit Motive Congruence and Moderating Factors 内显动机一致性及其调节因素

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.11

Todd M. Thrash, Lena M. Wadsworth, Yoon Young Sim, Xiaoqing Wan, Channing E. Everidge

{"title":"Implicit–Explicit Motive Congruence and Moderating Factors","authors":"Todd M. Thrash, Lena M. Wadsworth, Yoon Young Sim, Xiaoqing Wan, Channing E. Everidge","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the literature on congruence between implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) motives. The conventional wisdom that implicit and explicit motives are statistically independent is shown to be incorrect. Meta-analyses of past studies indicate that, on average, implicit and explicit motives are weakly positively correlated rather than uncorrelated. The correlation becomes stronger when methodological shortcomings of past research, such as unreliability of measurement, are overcome. Nevertheless, the relation remains modest enough that the discrepancy between implicit and explicit motives carries important information about personality congruence. The relation between implicit and explicit motives has been found to vary systematically as a function of substantive moderator variables, such as self-determination, self-monitoring, and body awareness. Motive congruence is predicted distally by satisfaction of basic needs during childhood and proximally by stress among individuals who have difficulty regulating affect. Motive congruence predicts important outcomes, including volitional strength, flow, well-being, healthy eating, and relationship stability. The chapter closes with a discussion of future research directions, such as the distinction between congruence and integration constructs.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128333437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Interest and Its Development, Revisited 重新审视兴趣及其发展

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.12

K. Renninger, Stephanie Su

{"title":"Interest and Its Development, Revisited","authors":"K. Renninger, Stephanie Su","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on interest as a cognitive and affective motivational variable that develops and can be supported to develop. It provides an explanation of Hidi and Renninger’s (2006; Renninger & Hidi, 2016) four-phase model of interest development and its relation to other approaches to interest, including interest conceptualized as an emotion, experience, task features, value, or vocational interest, and considers issues pertaining to the identification and measurement of interest as a variable that develops. Following this, the chapter reviews research that tracks interest over time as well as studies that focus on earlier and/or later phases of interest, with particular attention to (a) the triggering of interest in both earlier and later phases of interest, (b) maintaining interest once it has been triggered, (c) fluctuations in interest, and (d) shifts between phases in the development of interest. Two studies of interest development are reviewed in depth and their complementarities are described to illustrate how consideration of study complementarity can provide validation and insight about interest development. Finally, a Punnett square is used to demonstrate how it can enable the identification of relations among a learner’s phase of interest, the achievement demands of the learning environment, and metacognitive awareness, in addition to suggesting next steps for the study of interest development.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125630240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Complex Role of Choice in Human Motivation and Functioning 选择在人类动机和功能中的复杂作用

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.8

Erika A. Patall

引用次数: 4

Motivational Processes in Youth Sport and Physical Activity 青少年运动和身体活动的动机过程

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.26

M. Weiss, L. E. Kipp, Sarah M. Espinoza

{"title":"Motivational Processes in Youth Sport and Physical Activity","authors":"M. Weiss, L. E. Kipp, Sarah M. Espinoza","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of children and adolescents participate in organized sports and physical activities worldwide. Many in the general public, including parents, coaches, and policymakers, believe that participating in sport enables opportunities for youth to gain confidence, learn teamwork, and attain life lessons. However, positive outcomes are not an automatic consequence of participating in sport, illuminated by reports of negative coaching behaviors, overinvolved parents, and competitive rivalries with teammates and opponents. The potential for sport to improve youth participants’ perceptions of competence, relatedness, enjoyment, and self-determined motivation is highly dependent on the quality of interactions and relationships with important adults and peers. This chapter reviews the literature on motivational processes in youth sport and physical activity with a specific focus on beliefs and behaviors by parents, siblings, peers, and coaches that promote and sustain positive psychosocial and behavioral outcomes for youth participants. Robust findings are translated to evidence-based best practices for stakeholders in youth sport, and future research directions are offered to delve further into the conditions that undergird positive motivational outcomes in youth sport and physical activity.","PeriodicalId":253941,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132954033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Terror Management Theory Perspective on Human Motivation 从恐怖管理理论看人的动机

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.5

T. Pyszczynski, Pelin Kesebir, McKenzie Lockett

引用次数: 4

Advancing Issues in Motivation Intensity Research 动机强度研究的前沿问题

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190666453.013.21

G. Gendolla, R. Wright, M. Richter

引用次数: 3