Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Small town in the border region of Russia: socio-cultural and socio-economic problems","authors":"E. Biyzhanova","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-103-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-103-108","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the main socio-economic and socio-cultural problems that hinder the development of small towns in the Russian border area. Based on qualitative data obtained during research in 2014–2021 in border regions of Russia, the main negative trends were identified, which, in the opinion of local residents, must be eliminated or reduced in the first place in order for a small town to survive. It is shown that most of the small towns in are in a depressed state, with high rates of depopulation. It is concluded that it is necessary to preserve them, since they are not only of cultural and historical value for the reproduction of socio-cultural potential, but also are important strategic territories that can withstand non-military threats and contribute to the preservation of the country’s integrity and its security.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125290875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spirituality in the views of the Soviet and post-Soviet man. Part 1","authors":"Mariia A. Podlesnaia, Ilona V. Ilina","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-32-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-32-41","url":null,"abstract":"The main objectives of this article are to consider the various meanings of the concept of spirituality, religious (Christian) and non-religious. The authors analysed scientific literature, including such authors, who was directly involved in the study of the spirituality of the Soviet person (L. N. Kogan), and many others who devoted themselves to the study of youth in the USSR, including various aspects of its spirituality (V. T. Lisovskii, S. N. Ikonnikova, V. G. Mordkovich, L. Ya. Rubina, M. Kh. Titma, V. I. Chuprov, V. N. Shubkin). As a result of the analysis, a model was developed that makes it possible to talk about the spirituality of the Christian, Marxist, modern new age movement, with the allocation of basic values, the desired ideal, subjects of the process, etc. Correlation with this model should allow us to solve the main goal of the article – to identify how spirituality (in a religious or non-religious context) is understood by the current generation of student youth, what definitions are given to it, and whether there is continuity in this sense with Soviet ideas about spirituality. The authors came to the following conclusion: the meanings of the spirituality of the Soviet period corresponded to the humanism of the Marxist philosophy of «active man», «creator of culture», transforming not only religious tradition, but also various spheres of private life to suit their ideological needs – family and marriage relations, work, leisure, friendship, set the meaning and purpose of the Soviet man.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117080452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilingualism in culturological projection: the phenomenon of open thinking","authors":"Marina A. Mojeiko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-81-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-81-91","url":null,"abstract":"Bilingualism is considered as a phenomenon of culture in the context of language contact. A comparative analysis of the phenomena of bilingualism and biculturality is carried out. It is shown that, while creating prerequisites for the biculturality of the subject, bilingualism, however, does not provide it. The function of choosing a language as a choice of social roles, which opens up for a bilingual subject, is shown. The leading role of language choice in the context of communicative adaptation is substantiated. The criteria of language choice are considered: social, socio-psychological and occasional-situational. Adaptive strategies are modelled in relation to speech behaviour in a communicative situation. The significance of the balance between the linguistic and ethnic identity of the subject, on the one hand, and his desire to meet the linguistic expectations of the interlocutor, on the other, is shown. The role of bilingualism as a factor in the emphasis of reflection on language is substantiated. It is shown that in a bilingual context the problems of language development go beyond boundaries of linguistics and become а subject of wide social discussions. The role of bilingualism in literary creativity is revealed, the value of using lexemes of the second language as a tool for enriching artistic expressiveness is shown. It is proved that the more languages in the applied thesaurus of the subject, the richer the emotional palette of his perception of the world. The potential of the language is revealed in relation to not only expressing, but also reflecting emotions, which expands the range of reflexive comprehension of the emotional sphere. On the material of the texts of poetic culture in Belarus, the expansion of the range of expressive possibilities of bilingual subject is substantiated and its significance for the development of artistic culture is demonstrated. The specificity of bilingual subject’s thinking is revealed. Firstly, it is substantiated that in different linguistic projections, a particular fragment of reality can not only turn with its different facets, but in general be configured in a different way, expanding the interpretive potential of the subject and his cognitive capabilities. Thus, the picture of the world of a bilingual subject turns out to be more multidimensional and more plastic. Secondly, it is shown that the possibility of switching the language code, open to a bilingual subject, entails the possibility of appealing to the values of both cultures behind the languages. The thinking of a bilingual subject turns out to be open in relation to more than one option for perceiving reality, which provides not only a richness of perception, but also an expansion of the range of understanding. Such open thinking also means expanding the possibilities of mutual understanding in cross-cultural dialogue, which ensures the effectiveness of both interpersonal communications and the success of international interactions","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114275701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soviet man: the experience of understanding the socio-historical reality","authors":"Z. Toshchenko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes an attempt to comprehend appearance of the phenomenon of Soviet man in the historical arena, the specifics of its functioning at various stages of the formation and development of Soviet society. It is shown that the consciousness and activity of the Soviet person developed gradually, within the framework of overcoming objective and subjective contradictory circumstances. Particular attention is paid to the Soviet person as a decisive link in the emergence and existence of a social contract as the basis of Soviet society. A brief critical analysis of anti-Soviet concepts is being implemented. A search is being made for an answer to the question why the phenomenon of the Soviet man continues to live in the minds and hearts of Russians three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131460172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new system of socio-humanitarian education as a response to the challenges of modernity","authors":"Cheslav S. Kirvel, S. Semernik","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-42-48","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research in this article is the system of socio-humanitarian training of students. The article reveals the idea of the influence of the education system on the most important spheres of public life. The authors show that with the help of changes in the education system, it is possible to change not only the individual consciousness of the subjects of social development, but also to change the way of social life in general. Socio-humanitarian knowledge is of particular importance in the preparation of students. It forms the value-worldview attitudes of students, influences their behavioural models and civic position. Optimisation of the content and form of socio-humanitarian education is a strategically important task for society, a necessary condition for the implementation of national security imperatives. The authors argue that society today needs to update the system of socio-humanitarian training of students, especially at the higher school level. They point out the need to carry out this training throughout the entire period of training of students, paying special attention to the direct interaction of teachers and students. At the same time, the theoretical and ideological training of teachers themselves, whose thinking should correspond to state strategic objectives, is of no small importance. The authors convincingly prove that the axiological component should also be given great importance in the preparation of students, since in modern society there is a rapid deethisation and dehumanisation of socialisation, attempts are being made to break traditional values. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of applying the data obtained in determining strategies and priorities for the development of the modern education system, the organisation of educational and educational processes in institutions of secondary and higher education.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126560339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation features of freshers to the learning environment at the Belarusian State University","authors":"Maksim A. Korneevets, L. V. Filinskaya, Tatiana V. Scholkova","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-109-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-109-123","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the problem of first-year students’ adaptation to new social environment and to the conditions of coping with the university educational curriculum. It analyses the features of the first-year students’ adjustment to learning and extracurricular activities (academic and sociocommunicative adaptation). The objective and subjective criteria of freshmen’ adaptation process are highlighted. The article presents the results of the online-survey of the first-year students from 15 faculties of the Belarusian State University, and the findings of the in-depth interviews with the students-orphans and the students expelled from the university after the first semester. The results obtained prove the relevance of the problem under study and make it possible to conclude that the process of adaptation of the first-year students is incomplete. The outcomes also prove the need for psychological and pedagogical support of orphan students, development of the institute of tutoring, conducting sociological research to study the dynamic aspect of adaptation.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic deviations of educational communities in Russian universities","authors":"G. Zborovsky","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-49-57","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the relevance of the problem caused by the growth of academic deviations among the main educational communities of the university – students and research and teaching staff. The object of the study is various deviations in their behaviour, manifested in non-compliance with fundamental moral and legal norms and values governing relations in higher education. The purpose of the article is to analyse the relationship between academic deviations of students and the scientific and pedagogical community. The main results of the study are the characteristics of the concept, types, manifestations of academic deviations, as well as the consideration of their forms, typical for both students and teachers. The greatest attention is paid to the interpretation of academic fraud, imitations in the educational sphere and scientific research, simulacra of publication activity, ghostwriting, practices of «student savings», forms of delinquent behaviour. In conclusion, the ways of limiting the influence of deviations on the quality of academic achievements areconsidered.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124816610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neo-Marxist’s age-old experience: results and prospects of neo-Marxist’s capitalism theory","authors":"Vadzim S. Mikhailouski","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-65-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-65-71","url":null,"abstract":"Neo-Marxist’s research program in social science exists in epistemological crisis condition. Excessive criticism, ideological engagement as well as final obscurity of capitalism are among the problems of neo-Marxism. As a result, there is no scientific answer on a key question of Marxism discussion why capitalism as a system of public mastery is still alive. Finish of crisis of neo-Marxist’s research program presumes presence of positivist’s finding in neo-Marxist’s research and applying of theory of complexity for efficient cognition of complicated system of capitalist’s reproduction. Complexity theory deconstruction of neo-Marxist’s concept of capitalism is realised in three main routes, such as theory of ideology, global order and revolution. There are three author’s conceptions overcoming current neo-Marxist’s problems are among results of present research. They are the conception of capitalist’s ideological minimalism, conception political support of global capitalism and the conception of ecological destruction of capitalism. Complexity theory deconstruction brings neo-Marxism back to scientific detection of objective factors of capitalist’s transformation within the framework of classical Marxist’s tradition but on the level of new theoretical and empiric determination.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131521706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sociology of knowledge as the important factor of Belarusian digital economy development","authors":"V. Shcherbin","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-72-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-72-80","url":null,"abstract":" The article considers various elements and components of digital economy. The role of numerous types of knowledge (technical, theoretical (scientific), organisational, ordinary, local, unorganised, individual, etc.) in the development of the latter is revealed. The possibilities of the sociology of knowledge in studying of such problems as the problem of comprehensive description of the phenomenon of knowledge in general, the problem of differentiation of processes of knowledge transformation (such processes today include socialisation, externalisation, combination, internalisation, demonstration, codification, audiovisual recording of knowledge, its standardisation, its transfer from a category of public goods to a category of private goods, monopolisation of knowledge, etc.), are determined. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are substantiated. Scientific knowledge can become a key resource of the digital economy if it undergoes the process of codification using specialised methods. Theoretical scientific knowledge should be published in the open press, digitisedand posted on the Internet to ensure free access to them; applied scientific knowledge of technological nature must be patented and licensed. The sociology of knowledge can become an important factor in the development of the digital economy of Belarus if the studies carried out by representatives of this area of the Belarusian sociological science on such problems as defining of knowledge priorities, inclusiveness of the scientific knowledge in the digital economy, social adaptation of scientific knowledge, elimination of the existing techno-humanitarian imbalance, etc., are intensified.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129462240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital innovations through the prism of perception by Belarusian students","authors":"L. Titarenko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-58-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2022-3-58-64","url":null,"abstract":"In the sphere of higher education the imposed digitalisation of learning processes under conditions of the pandemic has made distance forms of education a reality for most students and therefore helped them increase their level of knowledge of information and communication technologies and competences. Digital innovations have become the key features of an image of a contemporary society that most students constructed in their consciousness. However, virtual reality differs from the real everyday life that is not necessarily technologically advanced. This contradiction can be an important reason for several risks and illusions emerging in the students’ perception of digital transformation and overpriced expectations from the processes of digitalisation at work, study and everyday life. Depending on the type of students’ assessments of the role of digital innovations in a society, five theoretical patterns of students’ attitudes towards digital innovation have been selected. The results from this research indicate the importance of the university learning environment to discuss with the students the real benefits and potential threats of digital innovations.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}