Biotehnologija u stocarstvu最新文献

{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goat in and around Gondar town, Northwest, Ethiopia","authors":"Olifan Fayisa, Ararsa Duguma, M. Temesgen, F. Lemma","doi":"10.2298/bah2003371f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2003371f","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 to\u0000 determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with sheep and goat\u0000 gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites in and around Gondar town, Northwest of\u0000 Ethiopia. A total of 384 sheep and goats fecal samples (313 sheep and 71\u0000 goats) were collected and examined using standard parasitological\u0000 techniques. The present study revealed that an overall prevalence of 56.77%\u0000 with prevalence rate of 185 (59.11%) and 33(46.48%) in sheep and goats\u0000 respectively. From the examined samples mixed infection was recorded with\u0000 about 21.35%. The parasitic species identified were Strongyle spps (22.14%),\u0000 Trichuris spps (0.52%), Monezia (2.5%), Emeria spps (0.260%). Female animals\u0000 were found with higher prevalence of helminthes infection rate than male\u0000 animals with a prevalence of 48.98% and 61.60%, respectively. Higher\u0000 prevalence was observed in young animals (69.61%) than adult animals\u0000 (45.32%). Body conditions and production system also showed significance\u0000 difference (P<0.05) in the occurrence of GI parasites of sheep and goats in\u0000 the study area. It can be concluded that, in the study area there was high\u0000 prevalence of GIT parasites in sheep and goats with age, sex, body condition\u0000 and production system as important risk factors. Therefore, strategic uses\u0000 of anthelmintics drugs and good management should be given for the control\u0000 and prevention of GIT parasites as well as further studies to determine\u0000 burden of the parasites and seasonal variation is recommended.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological and biochemical blood profile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in ponds of different water depth and fed sinking versus floating diet","authors":"Abdel‐Hay M. Abdel‐Hay, Monira Elsawy, Wasseem Emam, Wael F. Eltras, R. Mohamed","doi":"10.2298/bah2102117a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2102117a","url":null,"abstract":"This study contributes data on haematological and biochemical parameters of\u0000 African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. It employed a 3 ? 2 factorial design\u0000 with three ponds of different water depth (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m) and two types\u0000 of feed (floating and sinking). Twelve earthen ponds (1 m x 2 m) were\u0000 stocked with 16 fingerlings catfish each (mean weight ~100g) and their blood\u0000 parameters were monitored over 12 weeks. Differences in hematological\u0000 parameters related to water depth were mostly significant, and better\u0000 results were recorded in fish reared in shallower water ponds. Feed type\u0000 showed improved hematological parameters with using of sinking diet. Most\u0000 biochemical parameters showed significant differences in pond waters depth\u0000 and feed type with better results coincided with rearing fish in shallower\u0000 water depth and with sinking feed. Conclusively, culturing Catfish in\u0000 shallow ponds (0.5 m) and use of sinking feed improve physiological response\u0000 and health condition.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116516872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The share of tissues in the pig round depending on the genotype, gender and season","authors":"Č. Radović, M. Gogić, N. Katanić, M. Novaković, D. Radojković, N. Terzic, R. Savić","doi":"10.2298/bah1904367r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1904367r","url":null,"abstract":"The study included 201 offspring (108 castrated males and 93 females) of\u0000 Landrace (L), Large White (LW) and Pietrain (P) sires. The studied animals\u0000 were of following genotype: Landrace (L; n = 48); two breed crosses with\u0000 50:50 share of parental breeds (LWxL, n=32; and PxL, n=23), two breed\u0000 crosses with 75% of paternal breed [Lx(?LWxL), n=35] and [LWx(?LxWL) n=38]\u0000 and three breed crosses [Px(?LWxL) n=25]. Animals included in this study\u0000 were born during four seasons: winter (n=38), spring (n=65), summer (n=40)\u0000 and autumn (n=58). Studies have shown that, at an average weight of warm\u0000 carcass side of 81.20 kg, the highest average values for the weight of round\u0000 (RW; 10.204 kg), the weight of intermuscular fatty tissue (RINT; 0.478 kg),\u0000 bone tissue (RBT; 0.850 kg) and muscle tissue (RMT, 7.552 kg) in the round,\u0000 were established in three-breed crosses of Px (LWxL) genotype compared to\u0000 other genotypes. The least skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue (RST; 1.269\u0000 kg) was recorded in two breed crosses PxL. They had less skin and\u0000 subcutaneous fatty tissue by 454 g and 467 grams, respectively, compared to\u0000 two breed crosses (LWxL) and LWx (?LxLW). Research has shown that there is a\u0000 genotype on a farm that gives more muscle tissue in the round by 1.521 kg\u0000 [Px (?LWxL): LWx (?LWxL)] with the same weight of warm carcass side, which\u0000 is a very large difference. With the same average weight of warm carcass\u0000 side, female animals had higher average weight of the round and yield of\u0000 muscle tissue compared to male castrated animals. The effect of genotype\u0000 (P<0.001) on all investigated traits was recorded, also the effect of the\u0000 season of birth on the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue and on the weight of\u0000 intermuscular fat in the round was recorded. The effect of sex/gender was\u0000 significant (P<0.01) on the weight of skin and subcutaneous fat and on the\u0000 weight of the muscle tissues in the round but no significant effect on other\u0000 tested properties (P> 0.05) was observed.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of yield, quality and nitrogen index of Agrostietum capillaris grassland as affected by fertilizations","authors":"A. Simić, Violeta Mandić, S. Vučković, Z. Bijelić, R. Stanisavljević, R. Štrbanović, D. Sokolović","doi":"10.2298/bah2001101s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001101s","url":null,"abstract":"Managing N, P and K inputs in semi-natural meadow production systems is\u0000 important for achieving maximum yields in livestock farming. The objective\u0000 of the present study was to estimate the effect of different NPK levels\u0000 (N0P0K0, N50P50K50, N100P50K50, N100P100K100, N150P100K100 and N200P150K150\u0000 kg ha-1 yr-1) on the yield, quality and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) in a\u0000 grassland community of Agrostietum capillaris (semi-natural meadow) in\u0000 western Serbia. The study was conducted during the seasons of 2005-2008. The\u0000 values of the investigated parameters, except for the unit N uptake, were\u0000 the highest in 2004/2005 due to favorable climate conditions. The levels of\u0000 nitrogen significantly increased all of the studied parameters compared to\u0000 the control treatment, except for unit N uptake. Mineral fertilizers at\u0000 N200P150K150 provided the highest green forage yield (25.12 t ha-1), dry\u0000 matter yield (8.12 t ha-1), crude protein yield (876.3 kg ha-1), nitrogen\u0000 uptake (140.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen nutrition index (70.2%), and the lowest\u0000 unit N uptake (0.0022 kg N kg DMY-1). The use of mineral fertilizers\u0000 increased green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield,\u0000 increasing fertilizer from lowest to highest rate increased fresh and dry\u0000 matter yield, as well as protein yield. Based on the results of the study,\u0000 monitoring of nutrition indices would be necessary in order to increase\u0000 productivity and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128364072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cutting stage and bacterial inoculant on quality of the red clover silage","authors":"S. Đorđević, Violeta Mandić, N. Đorđević","doi":"10.2298/BAH2101065D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2101065D","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the influence of cut at two maturity stages (the beginning of\u0000 the flowering stage and mid bloom stage and bacterial inoculant ?Silko za\u0000 lucerku? (contains Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus spp.) on the\u0000 quality of red clover silage were presented. The commercial cultivar Nada\u0000 selected at the Bc Institute in Zagreb was used for investigation. The\u0000 silage was examined in mini-silos (glass jars of 1.5 l volume with plastic\u0000 fermentation valve) in the laboratory. The chemical composition, energy and\u0000 fermentation characteristics of silages were analyzed 90 days after\u0000 ensiling. The values of dry matter, acid (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre\u0000 (NDF), lactic acid and pH were significantly lower, while the crude protein\u0000 content, total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV),\u0000 ammonia nitrogen in total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN), acetic and butyric acids were\u0000 significantly higher in the first cutting stage. The inoculation with\u0000 inoculant ?Silko za lucerku? improved the chemical, energy and fermentation\u0000 parameters of silages. Inoculant-treated silage had lower contents of ADF,\u0000 NDF, NH3-N/TN, acetic and butyric acids and pH, and higher contents of dry\u0000 matter, crude protein, TDN, RFV and lactic acid than control. Accordingly,\u0000 timely cutting stage and application of microbial inoculant can contribute\u0000 to a lesser loss of nutritional value of the forage and promote silage\u0000 quality.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129254866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the body weight of indigenous goat breeds from morphological measurements using the classification and regression tree (CART) data mining algorithm","authors":"Marvellous O. Oyebanjo, O. Coker, O. Osaiyuwu","doi":"10.2298/bah2301033o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2301033o","url":null,"abstract":"Classification and regression tree (CART) is a tree-based data mining\u0000 algorithm that develops a model to predict an outcome. This study purposed\u0000 to create a model to predict the body weight (BWT) of Red Sokoto (RS), Sahel\u0000 (SH), and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using morphological measurements\u0000 (such as body length, BL; head girth, HG; head width, HDW; face length, FAL;\u0000 height at wither, HTW; rump length, RL; shoulder width, SW; rump width, RW;\u0000 and rump height, RH). In total, 600 goats were used for this study (200 each\u0000 of RS, SH, and WAD goats). Pearson?s Moment Correlation was used to evaluate\u0000 the degree of association between BWT and each morphological measurement.\u0000 Concomitantly, CART analysis was performed to estimate which independent\u0000 variable (morphological measurements) played a considerable role in the BWT\u0000 (dependent variable) prediction. In RS and WAD goats, a positive and\u0000 statistically significant (p < 0.0001) correlation was observed between BWT\u0000 and each morphological measurement. However, in SH goats, both positive and\u0000 negative statistically significant correlations were observed between BWT\u0000 and morphological measurements. The CART analysis indicated that in RS and\u0000 WAD goats, HG played a considerable role in BWT prediction, while, in SH\u0000 goats, BL was considered the most critical independent variable in BWT\u0000 prediction. Therefore, this study suggests that HG can be used as a\u0000 prognostic index for BWT estimation in Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf,\u0000 while BL can be used for Sahel goats. The SAS codes used are available via a\u0000 GitHub repository (https://github.com/Soullevram/CART).","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129194885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial contamination of poultry litter during fattening period","authors":"D. Milanov, S. Knežević, S. Vidaković, M. Pajić, M. Zivkov-Balos, N. Aleksic","doi":"10.2298/bah1903253m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah1903253m","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the research into the microbiological contamination of litter\u0000 used by broiler chickens are presented. Litter samples were taken prior to\u0000 the introduction of chicks (day 0) and in 7-day intervals until the end of\u0000 the fattening period. The total numbers of aerobic mesophilic\u0000 microorganisms, yeasts, moulds and Clostridium perfringens spores, and the\u0000 presence of bacteria of the Salmonella genus were determined. The total\u0000 microbial count in newly laid litter was 7 log10 CFU/g, which increased to 9\u0000 log10 CFU/g by the 4th week. However, at the end of the 5th week, it was at\u0000 the same level as in newly laid litter. C. perfringens spores, presumably\u0000 originating from chicks? faeces, were first detected on day 7. In the next 7\u0000 days their number increased, reaching 3-4 log10 CFU/g, and remained at\u0000 approximately same levels until the end of the research. The initial mould\u0000 contamination was 5-6 log10 CFU/g. However, from day 21 moulds were not\u0000 isolated, but only yeasts of the Saccharomyces genus. It is supposed that\u0000 these were deposited with chicks? faeces, due to their presence in complete\u0000 broiler feed. No bacteria of the Salmonella genus were ever isolated from\u0000 the litter. In conclusion, the total numbers of microorganisms in deep\u0000 litter reach their peak in approximately a month, which is followed by their\u0000 decrease. Deep litter is a favourable environment for probiotic yeast\u0000 cultures. Added to feed intended for broilers, they can positively influence\u0000 the microbial composition of litter, providing healthier environment to\u0000 fattening broilers.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116187531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows","authors":"R. Djokovic, Z. Ilic, V. Kurćubić, M. Petrović, M. Cincović, M. Petrović, Violeta Caro-Perovic","doi":"10.2298/BAH1902111D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1902111D","url":null,"abstract":"Ketosis is a common disease in high producing dairy cows during the early\u0000 lactation period. Subclinical ketosis (SCK) and periparturient diseases\u0000 considerably account for economic and welfare losses in dairy cows.\u0000 Subclinical ketosis poses an increased risk of production-related diseases\u0000 such as clinical ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta, lameness,\u0000 mastitis and metritis. Production efficiency decreases (lower milk\u0000 production, poor fertility, and increased culling rates), which results in\u0000 economic losses. Increased concentrations of circulating ketone bodies,\u0000 predominantly ?-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), without the presence of clinical\u0000 signs of ketosis are considered as SCK. It is characterized by increased\u0000 levels of ketone bodies in the blood, urine and milk. The gold standard test\u0000 for ketosis is blood BHB. This ketone body is more stable in blood than\u0000 acetone or acetoacetate. The most commonly used cut-points for subclinical\u0000 ketosis are 1.2 mmol/L or 1.4 mmol/L for BHB in the blood. Clinical ketosis\u0000 generally involves much higher levels of BHB, about 3.0 mmol/L or more.\u0000 Usually, detection of SCK is carried out by testing ketone body\u0000 concentrations in blood, urine and milk. A variety of laboratory and cowside\u0000 tests are available for monitoring ketosis in dairy herds. But no cowside test\u0000 has perfect sensitivity and specificity compared to blood BHB as the gold\u0000 standard test. The aim of this review is to overview diagnostic tests for\u0000 SCK in dairy cows, including laboratory and cowside tests.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124162905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare parameters and keel bone damage in laying hens reared in different production systems","authors":"S. Spiridonović, M. Djukić-Stojčić, L. Perić, M. Pajić, S. Knežević","doi":"10.2298/bah2102109s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2102109s","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of housing system and the\u0000 age of hens on welfare parameters and the prevalence of keel bone damage in\u0000 laying hens. In this study two housing systems were evaluated: aviary system\u0000 and enriched cages. From each system and age, we used 50 randomly selected\u0000 hens from different cages and tiers. The results showed significant\u0000 differences between systems in the type of keel bone damage. There was no\u0000 significant difference in keel deviation between systems, but the higher\u0000 prevalence of keel fractures was found in aviary system. In addition,\u0000 significant effect of the age of hens was found on the occurrence of keel\u0000 fractures. Footpad dermatitis had statistically higher occurrence in\u0000 enriched cages at 62 weeks of age. Hens from aviary system had significantly\u0000 better plumage score compared to hens from enriched cages but only at 42\u0000 weeks of age.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128922988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sex on biometry and morphological indices of Japanese quails (Ccoturnix Coturnix Japonica)","authors":"E. F. Akumbugu, U. M. Obakpa, V. A. Ebuga, S. Esson","doi":"10.2298/bah2001037f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2001037f","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sex on biometry\u0000 and morphological indices of Japanese quails. A total of one hundred and\u0000 fifteen finisher quails (115) comprising 30 males and 85 females of ten (10)\u0000 weeks of age were used for this study. The quails were procured from the\u0000 National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State Nigeria.\u0000 They were managed in a deep litter system of housing from day old to\u0000 finisher phase (10 weeks). The sex of the quails were identified by the\u0000 production of cloacal foam following the standard protocol. Female quails\u0000 recorded higher (P<0.05) body weight, massiveness and appears to be better\u0000 for long leggedness than their male counterpart. The lower values observed\u0000 for the female quails for long leggedness is an indication of blockier\u0000 appearance a characteristics for meatiness. The results of the Pearson\u0000 correlation for the male quails indicates that there were strong positive\u0000 correlation for Body weight(BW) and Body length(BL)(r=0.465 at P<0.01), BW\u0000 and Breast circumference(BC), BL and BC, Foot length(FL) and Wing length(WL)\u0000 (r=0.577, 0.429 and 0.451 at P<0.05). For the female quails, strong positive\u0000 correlation were observed for BC and WL, FL and WL (r=0.339, 0.332 at\u0000 P<0.01), BL and FL, FL and TLL (r=0.270, 0.263 P<0.05). There was also a\u0000 strong negative correlation observed for Thigh circumference (TC) and FL\u0000 (r=0.406 at P<0.01). The result of ?2 for the sex was also significant\u0000 (P<0.05). This findings would aid in the selection and breeding programme\u0000 for quails? improvement.","PeriodicalId":249404,"journal":{"name":"Biotehnologija u stocarstvu","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131022247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}