Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment最新文献_第2页

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72726

P. Jani, R. Iyer

{"title":"Screening for Ovarian Cancer","authors":"P. Jani, R. Iyer","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72726","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with poor survival. Screening aims at detection of early stage disease with a view of improving overall survival. Incidence of ovarian cancer is about 1–2% in the low-risk and 10–40% in the high-risk population. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and serum CA125 levels have been used for early detection. Annual screening with TVS and serum CA125 levels (using a cutoff value) has not demonstrated detection of ovarian cancer at an early stage. Multimodal screening (MMS) using sequential CA125 levels (with interpretation of risk using Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm—ROCA) and ultrasound as the second-line test have been shown to have improved sensitivity when compared to annual ultrasound in the detection of ovarian cancer. However, no impact on survival has been demonstrated, and therefore, screening cannot be recommended in the general or high-risk population. There is evidence now to suggest that high-grade serous cancers originate from the fallopian tube where precursor lesions have been identified. Newer screening strategies are likely to shift the focus to detecting these precursor lesions with novel techniques such as exfoliative cytology, circulating tumour DNA and use of microbubbles in ultrasound imaging.","PeriodicalId":249149,"journal":{"name":"Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer 循环生物标志物在卵巢癌早期诊断中的作用

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2018-04-04 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75484

Ece Gumusoglu, T. Gunel

引用次数: 8

Genomic Copy Number Alterations in Serous Ovarian Cancer 浆液性卵巢癌的基因组拷贝数改变

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2018-02-13 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72695

J. Delaney, D. Stupack

引用次数: 3

Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to the Effects of Platinum- Based Chemotherapy 铂基化疗易感性的种族差异

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2018-02-08 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73798

A. Khrunin, A. Moisseev, V. Gorbunova, S. Limborska

{"title":"Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to the Effects of Platinum- Based Chemotherapy","authors":"A. Khrunin, A. Moisseev, V. Gorbunova, S. Limborska","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73798","url":null,"abstract":"There is substantial interindividual variability in the efficacy and tolerability of antican - cer drugs. Such differences can be greater between individuals of different ethnicities. The clinical studies demonstrate that individuals from Asia (East Asia) are more sus - ceptible to the effects of platinum-containing chemotherapies than their Western coun -terparts. To determine whether population-related genomics (i.e., frequencies of DNA polymorphisms) contribute to differences in patient outcomes, polymorphisms in 109 genes involved mainly in xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair, the cell cycle, and apopto - sis were tested in Russian (Caucasians) and Yakut (North Asians) ovarian cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Totally, 232 polymorphisms were genotyped in individual DNA samples using conventional PCR and arrayed primer extension technol -ogy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than 30 genes were found to be associated with one or more of clinical end points (i.e., tumor response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and side effects). However, all associations between SNPs and clinical outcomes were specific for each of ethnic group studied. These findings let us to propose the existence of distinctive ethnic-related characteristics in molecular mecha - nisms determining the sensitivity of patients to platinum drug effects.","PeriodicalId":249149,"journal":{"name":"Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ovarian Cancer Genetics: Subtypes and Risk Factors 卵巢癌遗传学:亚型和危险因素

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2018-01-26 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72705

J. Hirst, Jennifer Crow, A. Godwin

{"title":"Ovarian Cancer Genetics: Subtypes and Risk Factors","authors":"J. Hirst, Jennifer Crow, A. Godwin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72705","url":null,"abstract":"The genetics of ovarian cancer are a complex, ever evolving concept that presents hurdles in classification, diagnosis, and treatment in the clinic. Instead of common driver mutations, genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. While ovarian cancer is stratified into different clinical subtypes, there still exists extensive genetic and progressive diversity within each subtype. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the most common subtype, TP53 is mutated in over 90% of all patients while the next most common mutation is less than 20%. However, next-generation sequencing and biological statistics have shown that mutations within DNA repair pathways, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, are common in about 50% of all high-grade serous patients leading to the development of a breakthrough therapy of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This is just one example of how a better understanding of the complex genetic background of ovarian cancer can improve clinical treatment. A thorough review of ovarian cancer genetics and the effect it has on disease development, diagnosis, progression, and treatment will enhance the understanding of how to better research and treat ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":249149,"journal":{"name":"Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134334816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Ascites in Advanced Ovarian Cancer 晚期卵巢癌的腹水

Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment Pub Date : 2017-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72698

K. Černe, B. Kobal

{"title":"Ascites in Advanced Ovarian Cancer","authors":"K. Černe, B. Kobal","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72698","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of ascites is one of the general ovarian cancer (OC) symptoms detected at initial diagnosis and can be present at an early stage but is most often seen in advanced disease. In newly diagnosed OC patients, ascites is treated by the standard treatment for the underlying disease. However, once the chemoresistant and recurrent features of the disease develop, management of a large volume of ascites can be a major problem. By increasing abdominal pressure, ascites can cause severe symptoms; thus, palliation of symptomatic patients is the main goal. The elimination of fluid accumulation in OC patients with these symptoms will certainly improve their quality of life and may even prolong survival. Unfortunately, no standard treatment for OC-associated ascites exists. There are several traditional therapies for ascites, with limited effectiveness and signifi cant adverse effects. Catumaxomab is the only medicine approved for intraperitoneal treatment of malignant ascites in patients with EpCAM-positive carcinomas. Advances in our understanding of malignant ascites aetiology and more effective treatment strategies for ascites and OC will help reduce the symptoms associated with ascites.","PeriodicalId":249149,"journal":{"name":"Ovarian Cancer - From Pathogenesis to Treatment","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116061338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3