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Human Factors and Aerospace Safety最新文献

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Flight crew and aircraft performance during RNAV approaches: studying the effects of throwing new technology at an old problem RNAV进近过程中机组人员与飞机性能:研究新技术对老问题的影响
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-3
Örjan Goteman, S. Dekker
{"title":"Flight crew and aircraft performance during RNAV approaches: studying the effects of throwing new technology at an old problem","authors":"Örjan Goteman, S. Dekker","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-3","url":null,"abstract":"Non-precision approaches (without vertical guidance) are known to expose aircraft to greater risk of CFIT (controlled flight into terrain). One solution consists of RNAV (area navigation) approaches with a computer-generated lateral and vertical path, which use the aircraft's flight management computer to fly an approach without any conventional ground-based radio facilities. We studied 22 pilots who flew 66 real RNAV approaches. Of special interest to us were the human factors and safety implications of using this new technology for an old problem. The high level of automation used for RNAV approaches brings with it a new potential for automation surprise (e.g. unexpected level-offs at go-around altitude) and extra monitoring requirements, especially for the pilot-not-flying. There is also an effect of low temperature that makes for shallower approaches as compared to ILS (instrument landing system). Pilot acceptance of RNAV approaches as measured in this study is high, and perceived mental workload for both pilot flying and pilot not-flying is low. This can be explained in large part by the shift from double-checking height against distance in traditional non-precision approaches, to pattern matching (aircraft symbol/reference) during RNAV approaches.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Royal Aeronautical Society Human Factors Group 英国皇家航空学会人为因素组
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-6
P. Hemsley
{"title":"Royal Aeronautical Society Human Factors Group","authors":"P. Hemsley","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fatigue in aircrew from shorthaul flights in civil aviation: the effects of work schedules 民航短途飞行机组人员疲劳:工作时间安排的影响
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-5
S. Bourgeois-Bougrine, P. Cabon, R. Mollard, A. Coblentz, J. Speyer
{"title":"Fatigue in aircrew from shorthaul flights in civil aviation: the effects of work schedules","authors":"S. Bourgeois-Bougrine, P. Cabon, R. Mollard, A. Coblentz, J. Speyer","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-5","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to give some data on the evolution of fatigue during short-haul flights and to propose some solutions to prevent fatigue. The method is mainly based on in-flight evaluation and observations the roster. This study was carried out on eight rosters covering 67 short-haul flights. The legs were scheduled either only during the morning or in the afternoon or included both morning and afternoon flights. Results show that sleep before morning flights is significantly shorter than sleep taken before afternoon flights. The sleep reductions associated with morning flights lead to a higher level of fatigue and workload compared to the afternoon flights. The results are discussed in relation with flight safety and some recommendations are addressed regarding the scheduling of rosters.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Using high fidelity simulator for aircraft inspection training: development and evaluation 高保真模拟器在飞机检验训练中的应用:开发与评价
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-2
A. Gramopadhye, B. Melloy, Stacey Chen, Xiaochun Jiang, M. Khasawneh, S. Kaewkuekool, S. Bowling
{"title":"Using high fidelity simulator for aircraft inspection training: development and evaluation","authors":"A. Gramopadhye, B. Melloy, Stacey Chen, Xiaochun Jiang, M. Khasawneh, S. Kaewkuekool, S. Bowling","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130565776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response time to reject a takeoff 拒绝起飞的响应时间
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-4
D. Harris, H. Khan
{"title":"Response time to reject a takeoff","authors":"D. Harris, H. Khan","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-4","url":null,"abstract":"Rejecting a takeoff at high speed in an airliner is a risky manoeuvre, however, if the decision is not made in a timely manner, at high speeds there is the strong possibility of overrunning the runway. The response times to reject a takeoff were measured in a flight simulator at a variety of speeds using 16 professional pilots. It was observed that as speed on the runway increased, response times decreased, up until a point just before V-sub-1 (the 'go/no-go' decision speed). At this point response times increased dramatically. The results are discussed within the context of the current aircraft certification parameters. Suggestions for further research are made, particularly with respect to extending this work to examine whole crew response times when rejecting a takeoff.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"01 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of the NOTECHS (non-technical skills) system for assessing pilots’ CRM skills 开发用于评估飞行员客户关系管理技能的非技术技能系统
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 2018-10-26 DOI: 10.4324/9781315194035-1
R. Flin, Lynne Martin, K.-M. Goeters, H. Hörmann, R. Amalberti, C. Valot, H. Nijhuis
{"title":"Development of the NOTECHS (non-technical skills) system for assessing pilots’ CRM skills","authors":"R. Flin, Lynne Martin, K.-M. Goeters, H. Hörmann, R. Amalberti, C. Valot, H. Nijhuis","doi":"10.4324/9781315194035-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315194035-1","url":null,"abstract":"Crew Resource Management (CRM) courses are designed to teach pilots about non-technical (cognitive and social) skills that are essential for effective and safe flight operations. This article presents a summary of the empirical development of the European taxonomy of pilots' non-technical skills (NOTECHS) and associated rating method. It describes the system components and the experimental validation. The system has four Categories: Co-operation, Leadership and Managerial Skills, Situation Awareness, Decision Making, each subdivided into Elements and behavioural markers. The latter are examples of effective and ineffective behaviours supporting the evaluation and debriefing, as well as giving indications for retraining, if this is required. Operational principles for fair and objective use of the NOTECHS system and training guidelines for raters are outlined.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 191
Passenger safety in future very large transport aircraft 乘客安全是未来非常大的运输机
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315259482-13
H. Muir, L. A. Thomas, Ray Wilson
{"title":"Passenger safety in future very large transport aircraft","authors":"H. Muir, L. A. Thomas, Ray Wilson","doi":"10.4324/9781315259482-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315259482-13","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Very Large Transport Aircraft (VLTAs) presents some exciting opportunities and challenges. Of major importance will be taking steps to ensure that the current high standards of passenger safety which have been achieved in the current aircraft fleets is maintained. Many of the issues which will require consideration in order to achieve this goal are discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117347207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
DRINKING AND FLYING: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES 饮酒飞行:成因、影响及制定有效对策
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315259482-19
D. Harris
{"title":"DRINKING AND FLYING: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES","authors":"D. Harris","doi":"10.4324/9781315259482-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315259482-19","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking and flying is a relatively rare event, yet one which has immense potential to compromise safety. When pilots are caught flying an aircraft under the influence of alcohol, because such instances are so rare it often becomes a newsworthy item. Commencing in the mid-1980s, regulations have been introduced both in the USA and Europe to specify a peak blood alcohol concentration (BAG), above which it is illegal to act as a crewmember of an aircraft. Research suggests that these regulations may not be as effective as intended, though, either because the BAG specified is too high to promote safety (USA) or that there is no effective way of enforcing the regulations (Europe). Furthermore, it is also argued that there is no one 'best' way of deterring drinking and flying. Effective countermeasures can only be specified with respect to the root cause of the problem. To be effective the enforcement of the regulations needs to be supplemented with educational propaganda and remedial actions and these actions need to be appropriately targeted with respect to the root cause of the drinking and flying behavior.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122055222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SPINNING PAPER INTO GLASS: TRANSFORMING FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS 将纸纺成玻璃:改变飞行进度条
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315259482-23
Francis T. Durso, C. Manning
{"title":"SPINNING PAPER INTO GLASS: TRANSFORMING FLIGHT PROGRESS STRIPS","authors":"Francis T. Durso, C. Manning","doi":"10.4324/9781315259482-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315259482-23","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this paper are to describe how flight progress strips are currently used in U.S. en route air traffic control (ATC), and to discuss the Federal Aviation Administration's objective of eliminating them. The paper begins by briefly describing the U.S. ATC system, in particular, the en route environment, and then details how flight strips are used. Issues surrounding the replacement of flight strips are discussed, along with the role of various methods of inquiry in answering questions about appropriate strip replacements.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129553489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
REVIEWING THE ROLE OF COCKPIT ALERTING SYSTEMS 回顾座舱警报系统的作用
Human Factors and Aerospace Safety Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4324/9781315259482-11
A. Pritchett
{"title":"REVIEWING THE ROLE OF COCKPIT ALERTING SYSTEMS","authors":"A. Pritchett","doi":"10.4324/9781315259482-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315259482-11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the roles that cockpit alerting systems may assume, how these roles have changed with technological advances, and how effectively these roles allow alerting systems to function as pilot aids and safety systems. First, a denotation for alerting systems is proposed and contrasted with current connotations. A brief review of the technical considerations underlying alerting system design is provided. Next, the variety of roles of alerting systems noted both in the literature and in studies of current operations are detailed. Lastly, potential problems--and solutions--implied by these roles are discussed.","PeriodicalId":249145,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Aerospace Safety","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126483569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 91
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