UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)最新文献

{"title":"Article 7","authors":"P. Davidson","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-112","url":null,"abstract":"Andrew Sindone, MB, BS, MD Department of Cardiology Concord Repatriation General Hospital The growing burden of heart failure (HF) challenges health practitioners to implement and evaluate models of care to facilitate optimal health related outcomes. Australia supports a publicly funded universal health insurance system with a strong emphasis on primary care provided by general practitioners. The burden of chronic HF, and a social and political framework favoring community-based, noninstitutionalized care, represents an ideal environment in which homebased HF programs can be implemented successfully. Cardiovascular nurses are well positioned to champion and mentor implementation of evidence-based, patient-centered programs in Australian communities. This paper describes the facilitators and barriers to implementation of best practice models in the Australian context. These include the challenge of providing care in a diverse, multicultural society and the need for clinical governance structures to ensure equal access to the most effective models of care.","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125353362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article 2","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-39","url":null,"abstract":"Cindy Lamendola, RN, MSN, ANP Adult Nurse Practitioner, Division of Endrocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Genetic, environmental, and metabolic risk factors are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong family history of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity identify those individuals at highest risk. Minority populations are also at higher risk, not only because of family history and genetics, but also because of adaptation to American environmental influences of poor dietary and exercise habits. Women with a history of gestational diabetes as well as their children are at greater risk for progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance increases a person’s risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Individuals who have insulin resistance share many of the same risk factors as those with type 2 diabetes. These include hyperinsulinemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, prothrombic state, hyperuricemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Current interventions for the prevention and retardation of type 2 diabetes mellitus are those targeted towards modifying environmental risk factors such as reducing obesity and promoting physical activity. Awareness of risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes will promote screening, early detection, and treatment in high-risk populations with the goal of decreasing both microvascular and macrovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121827679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Section I. Payment of the price","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129842455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Section I. Delivery the goods and handing over of documents","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116798067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article 5","authors":"J. A. Antonow","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-91","url":null,"abstract":"Douglas F. Willson, MD Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia Health Sciences Center Charlottesville, Virginia BRONCHIOLITIS is a common, well-recognized lower respiratory syndrome of young children, frequently accompanied by fever.1 Because fever in infants less than 90 days of age may be an indicator of serious bacterial infection (SBI),2,3 many physicians routinely perform a sepsis evaluation, often including hospitalization for antibiotic treatment.4,5 Several studies have reported a low risk of concomitant SBI in infants and children with bronchiolitis, with SBI rates of 0% to 1.8%.6–11 Consensus has not been reached about the appropriate management of the febrile infant ≤ 90 days of age with a recognizable viral syndrome known to be associated with a low risk of SBI.11,12 Lack of consensus leads to practice variation. Unnecessary evaluation or treatment for sepsis in infants with bronchiolitis has been shown to lead to increased costs, testing, length of hospitalization, and exposure to antibiotics.6,9 This article describes variation in the performance of sepsis evaluations in infants ≤ 90 days of age with bronchiolitis hospitalRandomly selected inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections were selected from April 1, 1995, to September 30, 1996, from 10 pediatric hospitals (n = 804). Those ≤ 90 days of age with bronchiolitis (ICD-9 466.1, n = 303) are included. Medical records were abstracted. Pediatric Comprehensive Severity Index was used for severity scoring. Sepsis evaluation was defined as any culture of blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid, or parenteral antibiotic. Growth of any bacterial pathogen defined a serious bacterial infection (SBI). Rate of sepsis evaluations among sites (13% to 84%) was significantly different; mean age (49 days) and severity were not different. Intensive care stay (PICU, 22% to 87%), average length of stay (ALOS, 3–9 days), and mean total costs ($3,490–$16,147) were significantly different among hospitals. Logistic regression predicting sepsis evaluation showed significant predictor variables to be: age, severity, and PICU stay (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.3). After controlling for these variables, significant variation due to site (OR by site ranged from 0.1 to 4.6) was observed. Total costs were predicted by severity, PICU stay, and sepsis evaluation. There were four infants with SBI (1.3%), all positive for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Infants were similar among 10 sites with respect to age and severity; there was a significant difference among sites for sepsis evaluation, ALOS, and costs, after controlling for age, severity, and PICU stay. Risk of SBI was low. Unwarranted variation should be addressed and reduced.","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article 98","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-1196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116148951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Section II. Taking delivery","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124140783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Article 1","authors":"L. A. Anderson","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-21","url":null,"abstract":"Louise A. Anderson, MS, RN Patient Care Resource Manager Division of Vascular Surgery The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a chronic dilation of the aorta with a natural history toward enlargement and rupture. Its pathogenesis is believed to be multifactorial and complex. Clinical presentation may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or as rupture. Elective surgery by open transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach is the most common repair intervention. However, placing an endoluminal stent graft within the aneurysm is currently being evaluated as an alternative to open repair. Nursing care of the patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm involves intensive care skills as well as a foundation in chronic illness management. This article presents information on pathogenesis, natural history, clinical presentation, surgical interventions, and postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-1235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122759221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Articles 14–24","authors":"","doi":"10.17104/9783406759116-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406759116-213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":249042,"journal":{"name":"UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}