Article 2

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Abstract

Cindy Lamendola, RN, MSN, ANP Adult Nurse Practitioner, Division of Endrocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Genetic, environmental, and metabolic risk factors are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong family history of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity identify those individuals at highest risk. Minority populations are also at higher risk, not only because of family history and genetics, but also because of adaptation to American environmental influences of poor dietary and exercise habits. Women with a history of gestational diabetes as well as their children are at greater risk for progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance increases a person’s risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Individuals who have insulin resistance share many of the same risk factors as those with type 2 diabetes. These include hyperinsulinemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, prothrombic state, hyperuricemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Current interventions for the prevention and retardation of type 2 diabetes mellitus are those targeted towards modifying environmental risk factors such as reducing obesity and promoting physical activity. Awareness of risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes will promote screening, early detection, and treatment in high-risk populations with the goal of decreasing both microvascular and macrovascular complications.
第二条
Cindy Lamendola,注册护士,MSN, ANP成人执业护士,斯坦福大学医学院内分泌学部遗传,环境和代谢风险因素相互关联并促进2型糖尿病的发展。糖尿病家族史、年龄、肥胖和缺乏运动是高危人群。少数民族人群也有更高的风险,这不仅是因为家族史和基因,还因为他们适应了美国环境的影响,比如不良的饮食和运动习惯。有妊娠糖尿病史的妇女及其子女发展为2型糖尿病的风险更大。胰岛素抵抗会增加一个人患糖耐量受损和2型糖尿病的风险。患有胰岛素抵抗的人与患有2型糖尿病的人有许多相同的风险因素。这些包括高胰岛素血症、动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常、葡萄糖耐受不良、高血压、血栓原状态、高尿酸血症和多囊卵巢综合征。目前预防和延缓2型糖尿病的干预措施旨在改变环境危险因素,如减少肥胖和促进体育活动。了解发生2型糖尿病的危险因素将促进高危人群的筛查、早期发现和治疗,以减少微血管和大血管并发症。
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