American Journal of Optics and Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Simulation and Analysis of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) Perovskite Solar Cell with Au Contact Using SCAPS 1D Simulator","authors":"Ali Husainat, W. Ali, P. Cofie, J. Attia, John H. Fuller","doi":"10.11648/J.AJOP.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJOP.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted the attention of researchers and scientists throughout the world. From 2009, when actual research work began on photovoltaic perovskite applications, a lab power conversion efficiency above 23.3% have been achieved. Whereas, silicon solar cells have only achieved power conversion efficiencies around 17.5% in both residential and commercial applications. A typical perovskite solar cell consists of 6 main layers of different materials: a glass layer, a thin layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate (FTO), an electron transport layer of TiO2, a perovskite active layer known as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3), a hole transport layer of Spiro-Ometad, and a gold (Au) electrode. This paper summarizes the research that focused on the selective use of the perovskite solar cell’s composite materials, specifically, the Spiro-Ometad layer, the methylammonium lead iodide layer (CH3NH3PbI3), and the TiO2 layer with a variation of the thickness of the perovskite layer. Initial simulation results show a power conversion efficiency of 20.34% when using a gold (Au) electrode. Further research is needed, in which new technology for device fabrication will create homogeneous thin-film layers that will be tested for increased efficiency.","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130561010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optoelectronic Module with Integrated Transceiver and Mux-Demux for Optical Interconnect Applications","authors":"N. Nguyen, I. Ukaegbu, J. Sangirov, Hyo-Hoon Park","doi":"10.11648/J.AJOP.20190702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJOP.20190702.11","url":null,"abstract":"The design, development and improvtableement in electronic devices and components have led to the further miniaturization of the system devices and their interconnecting interfaces. Hence, reducing the size of the transmitter (Tx) chips, receiver (Rx) chips and associated components play an important role in designing a reduced/small sized optoelectronic modules for optical interconnect applications. Some of the associated components include multiplexer, demultiplexer, clock and data recovery circuits (CDR), etc. Therefore, in this paper we present an optoelectronic module with integrated transceiver (Tx-Rx) and multiplexer-demultiplexer (mux-demux) with the aim of reducing the total area occupied by the chips. The topology is based on sharing common blocks between Tx and Rx as well as Mux and Demux for saving chip area, power consumption and board area. Based on this topology, a design of 2-channel Tx/Mux and Rx/Demux is realized in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The measurement results show clear output eye diagrams at 2.5 Gbps with the voltage swing of 375 mVpp from the Rx/Demux. The combined solution would save the chip area and power consumption of 10% and 23%, respectively, compared to discrete circuits implementations. Using this topology, a high efficient bidirectional optical link could be implemented in modern computer and other green IT applications.","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122933910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antillatoxin (ATX) Time–Resolved Absorption and Resonance FT–IR and Raman Biospectroscopy and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Investigation of Vibronic–Mode Coupling Structure","authors":"A. Heidari, J. Esposito, Angela Caissutti","doi":"10.11648/J.AJOP.20190701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJOP.20190701.13","url":null,"abstract":"Antillatoxin (ATX) is a potent lipopeptide neurotoxin produced by the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. ATX activates voltage–gated sodium channels, which can cause cell depolarisation, NMDA–receptor over activity, excess calcium influx and neuronal necrosis. Parameters such as FT–IR and Raman vibrational wavelengths and intensities for single crystal Antillatoxin are calculated using density functional theory and were compared with empirical results. The investigation about vibrational spectrum of cycle dimers in crystal with carboxyl groups from each molecule of acid was shown that it leads to create Hydrogen bonds for adjacent molecules. The current study aimed to investigate the possibility of simulating the empirical values. Analysis of vibrational spectrum of Antillatoxin is performed based on theoretical simulation and FT–IR empirical spectrum and Raman empirical spectrum using density functional theory in levels of HF/6–31G*, HF/6–31++G**, MP2/6–31G, MP2/6–31++G**, BLYP/6–31G, BLYP/6–31++G**, B3LYP/6–31G and B3LYP6–31–HEG**. Vibration modes of methylene, carboxyl acid and phenyl cycle are separately investigated. The obtained values confirm high accuracy and validity of results obtained from calculations.","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117196574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Classical Double Slit Interference Experiment: A New Geometrical Approach","authors":"J. I. Thomas","doi":"10.11648/J.AJOP.20190701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJOP.20190701.11","url":null,"abstract":"The double slit experiment was first conceived of by the English physician-physicist Thomas Young in 1801. It was the first demonstrative proof that light possesses a wave nature. In this experiment, light is made to pass through two very narrow slits that are spaced closely apart and a screen placed on the other side captures a pattern of alternating bright and dark stripes called fringes, formed as a result of the interference of ripples of light emanating from either slit. The relative positions and intensities of the fringes on the screen can be calculated by employing two assumptions that help simplify the geometry of the slit-screen arrangement. Firstly, the screen to slit distance is taken to be larger than the inter-slit distance (far field limit) and secondly, the inter-slit distance is taken to be larger than the wavelength of light. This conventional approach can account for the positions and intensities of the fringes located in the central portion of the screen with a fair degree of precision. It however, fails to account for those fringes located in the peripheral portions of the screen and also, is not applicable to the case wherein the screen to slit distance is made comparable to the inter-slit distance (near field limit). In this paper, the original analysis of Young’s Experiment is reformulated using an analytically derived hyperbola equation, which is formed from the locus of the points of intersections of two uniformly expanding circular wavefronts of light that emanate from either slit source. Additionally, the shape of the screen used to capture the interference pattern is varied (linear, semicircular, semielliptical) and the relative positions of the fringes is calculated for each case. This new approach bears the distinctive advantage that it is applicable in both the far field and the near field scenarios, and since no assumptions are made beyond the Huygens-Fresnel principle, it is therefore, a much more generalized approach. For these reasons, the author suggests that the new analysis ought to be introduced into the Wave Optics chapter of the undergraduate Physics curriculum.","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120967383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scattering of Perfect Optical Vortex Beams: Physical Unclonable Function","authors":"Bikash Kumar Das, P. Vanitha, Salla Gangi Reddy, R. P Singh","doi":"10.11648/j.ajop.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130281603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Optical Properties of Olive Oil Mixed with Black Seed Oil at Different Volume Using UV/VIS Spectrometer","authors":"Nafisa Badr Eldeen, Abu Bakr Abd El-karim Salman, Abdelnabi Ali Elamin, Mona Ali, Khalid Mohammed Haroun","doi":"10.11648/j.ajop.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission","authors":"Akram Abouseif, G. Rekaya-Ben Othman, O. Damen","doi":"10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Single-mode fibers have reached a critical point in terms of optical communication capacity. Space division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most promising candidates for increasing optical fiber capacity. SDM allows the propagation of multiple spatial channels where the paths could be multiple cores in a multi-core fiber (MCF). The transmission performance of MCFs is impaired by a non-unitary effect known as Core Dependent Loss (CDL). Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is an effective solution to improve the transmission performance of MCFs. However, it can increase the system cost. Several techniques, such as core scrambling and Space-Time (ST) coding, have been proposed to mitigate CDL. This paper focuses on the analysis of the MCF transmission performance of different schemes. Our analysis concerns the derivation of an upper bound of the error probability by applying Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) decoders at the receiver. We also evaluate the performance of both core scrambling and ST coding systems. We prove that the ZF decoder offers similar performance to the ML decoder and confirm this with simulation results. Finally, to consider the cost factor of applying MIMO techniques, low complexity solution is proposed by combining core scrambling and ST codes using the sub-optimal ZF decoder and show performance close to the Gaussian channel.","PeriodicalId":246919,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Optics and Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131212472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}